Artificial organ: an artificial device that temporarily or permanently replaces the main functions of some organs of the body
Settings. Widely used are: ① Artificial lung (oxygenator) is a device that simulates lung to exchange O2 and CO2, and converts venous blood with low oxygen content into arterial blood with high oxygen content through oxygenator; ② Artificial heart (blood pump).
The device that replaces the function of heart blood discharge is similar to a pump in structure, which can drive blood flow to overcome resistance and flow in one direction. Artificial heart and artificial lung are collectively called artificial heart-lung machine, which was first used in human body in 1953, mainly suitable for complex hearts.
Dirty operations; ③ Artificial kidney (blood)
Liquid dialyzer). An in vitro device for simulating renal excretion function began to be used in clinic on 1945. Artificial kidney consists of dialyzer and dialysate. The core of dialyzer is semi-permeable membrane, which can let low molecular substances such as electrolyte pass through.
Glucose, water and other metabolic wastes (such as urea) pass through, but blood cells, plasma proteins, bacteria, viruses and so on. Can not pass, thus regulating the electrolyte, body fluid and acid-base balance in the body and maintaining a relatively constant internal environment. owner
It is suitable for acute and chronic renal failure and acute drug and poison poisoning.
Development of Implant Materials for Medical Devices
The medical device industry is a high-tech industry, involving medicine, machinery, electronics, plastics and other industries. The manufacturing process is relatively complicated and the entry threshold is relatively high. It is one of the symbols of a country's advanced manufacturing and high-tech level, and it is an industry encouraged by the state in China. 2013-2017 [1] 201China implantable medical device industry production and marketing demand and investment forecast analysis report China has become the second largest medical device market in the world after the United States. Implantable medical devices belong to the high-end products of the third category of medical devices and are an important product category in the medical device industry.
With the continuous development of China's implantable medical device industry, domestic implantable medical device enterprises have basically been able to produce low-end and partial mid-end implantable medical devices, and have made some progress in the research field of biocompatible new materials. However, the overall level of products is low and the homogenization phenomenon is serious. The market of high-end equipment in tertiary hospitals in China is basically seized by multinational companies. Domestic implantable medical device manufacturers need to seize the opportunity of industry development and constantly carry out technological innovation.
General situation of medical device implant material industry
Surgical implants are an important product category in the medical device industry, and implantable medical devices are one of the most effective means to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and orthopedic diseases at present. In recent years, China's implantable medical devices have entered a period of rapid development. In 2006, the total output value of implantable medical devices in China was about 20 billion yuan, and in 2009, the total output value of implantable medical devices reached 40 billion yuan, with an annual growth rate of over 30%. Due to China's large population base, according to the industry association's estimation, in the next 10 year, China's implantable medical device industry will reach an annual market scale of150 billion yuan, making it the second largest implantable medical device market in the world after the United States.
With the continuous development of China's implantable medical device industry, domestic implantable medical device enterprises have basically been able to produce low-end and partial mid-end implantable devices, and have made some progress in the research field of biocompatible new materials; However, the overall level of products is low and the homogenization phenomenon is serious. The market of high-end equipment in tertiary hospitals in China is basically seized by multinational companies. [2] As can be seen from the above table, malignant tumors, cerebrovascular diseases, heart diseases and respiratory diseases rank high in the harm to residents' health and mortality, and implantable medical devices are widely used in these diseases. In addition, in recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards, the demand for cosmetic surgery has increased rapidly, and the number of various medical cosmetic surgery institutions has also increased rapidly. Almost every hospital has medical cosmetic surgery, and there are many private cosmetic surgery clinics. The medical beauty market has great potential. Among them, the demand for implantable medical devices in cosmetic surgery is increasing steadily year by year, and this market will be an important field for the growth of implantable medical devices in the future.
Characteristics of artificial organs
At present, artificial organs can only simulate 1 ~ 2 kinds of the most important functions necessary to maintain the life of the replaced organs, and do not have all the natural functions and life phenomena of the original biological organs, but it broadens the ways of disease treatment and increases the chances of patients being rescued, which has benefited more and more patients and continues to benefit. The electronic throat developed in China weighs 20g, with clear pronunciation and controllable volume, which can distinguish male and female voices.
Examples of artificial organs
This artificial prosthesis can lift about 22 kilograms. The use of artificial kidney has become a routine treatment for patients with end-stage renal failure, and the mortality rate of patients with acute renal failure has been reduced from 75% to below 7%. At present, the development direction of artificial kidney research is to require its high dialysis performance, small size, wearable and even implantable. Implantable artificial heart is gradually moving towards the clinical trial stage. At the end of 1982, Dr. Devlis of the University of Utah Medical Center installed the world's first permanent artificial heart for Clark, a retired dentist aged 6/kloc-0. The patient lived for 1 12 days.
At present, people have made artificial organs such as heart, skin, bones, kidneys, liver, lungs, throat and eyes.