There is an inseparable relationship between man and the environment. No matter in the past, present or future, human beings are constantly transforming the environment and creating not only usable but also beautiful environmental space. What a city means is not only the accumulation of artificial structures such as buildings, streets and shops, but also the social, cultural, economic, political and colorful life of urban residents accompanied by many functional facilities and hard landscapes. From the external visual image, the city is composed of its plane structure, skyline, various buildings, market facilities, regional landmarks, open spaces, planted gardens and shuttling vehicles. However, these are all material forms formed by urban people under the selected and chosen behavior patterns, which contain profound natural laws, social psychology, humanistic feelings and historical vicissitudes.

Lewis, a famous scholar of urbanism and architecture in the 2th century? Mountford pointed out in his representative work "History of Urban Development": "If the life realized by the city is not a kind of praise of itself, then all the sacrifices made for the development and formation of the city will have no cost. No matter the expanded power or limited material wealth, it can't compensate for the beauty, joy and family enjoyment lost even in one day. " "When we walk in the city, we can find that this phenomenon is not preliminary. The surrounding buildings seem to be able to speak and act, just like the residents living in them; Moreover, through the material structure of the city, past events, decisions made long ago, and long-established values have continued to survive and exude influence. "

in order to fully understand the urban environment and the role of people in the process of constructing the urban environment, as learners of urban ecology, we conducted an internship in the northwest suburb of Beijing on April 5, 23.

1. Overview of internship

At 8: in the morning, we started from the front of the second floor of Peking University Yifu, passed Guanghua Building, Library, Yannan Garden, the bronze statue of Li Dazhao and the bronze statue of Cai Yuanpei, arrived at the south bank of the Weiming Lake, and saw the stone fish. We went out of the west gate of Peking University, passed through Weixiu Garden, Chengze Garden, Haidian Park, Liulangzhuang and Beijing Urban Green Belt, and arrived at the south Ruyimen of the Summer Palace. Along the way, I made a certain investigation on natural and human landscapes such as greening and architecture, obtained some information, and also got some thoughts and conclusions of my own.

Second, the content and analysis of internship

1. About a controversial road

Walking into the east gate of Peking University, you can see a wide and straight road. As one of the few wide and straight roads in Peking University, it is a controversial road, and the neat and well-maintained lawn on the roadside declares a brand-new modern and international Peking University. Around this road, there are more modern buildings in Peking University-Building No.1 and Building No.2 of Science, Building No.1 of Shaw, Building No.2 of Shaw, Shaw Court, Science Teaching Building and so on. At the end of this road, there are antique buildings with traditional charm.

many people think that the width and straightness of the road surface are not in harmony with the antique roofs of the surrounding buildings. In addition to neat artificial lawns, both sides of the road are small trees that are planted neatly and almost excessively, while at the end of the road are tall and shady trees that have grown for many years, and the feeling of disharmony is even stronger.

This probably involves the so-called "visual adaptability". In many cases, we rarely consider the specific environment, but simply apply a kind of model that looks very good and advanced, ignoring the special requirements of the specific environment for human facilities such as buildings.

maybe this is also a problem in planning. Just as the new buildings and old buildings that can be seen everywhere in Peking University campus complement each other, it may not be a perfect choice.

2. The Xanadu on campus-Yannan Garden

Yannan Garden is a smaller one among many gardens in Peking University Yanyuan Garden. There are only a dozen exquisite and elegant two-story buildings and bungalows in the garden, which is a residential area of Professor Peking University. It is often said that "famous professors of Peking University may not all live in Yannan Garden, but all of them live in Yannan Garden". In the 195s alone, Ma Yinchu, Tang Yongtong, Zhou Peiyuan, Feng Youlan, Zhu Guangqian, Chen Daisun, Hou Renzhi and Lin Geng lived in Yannan Garden, and later Mr. Wang Li and Wei Jiangong moved in. Ms. Bing Xin once lived in this life when she coached yenching university. This is enough to reflect its profound connotation and cultural accumulation.

The independent housing model in Yannan Garden is the ideal environment for the old professors to study. As an old professor pointed out in an interview, although it is a little old, he will not think of changing the old-fashioned pattern of the house. One reason is that although many books are donated to the library, the collection of books at home also leads to inconvenience in decoration. However, the more crucial point-the pattern of old houses is an environment that can make people settle down to study and study. Years of accumulation have made this small garden full of scholarly atmosphere ...

So, what does it mean to people who have lived here for a long time besides scholarly atmosphere?

During the internship, the interviewees are mainly people over 6 years old, who have lived here for more than 35 years. They generally believe that Yannan Garden has a good living environment. First of all, it is located on a platform with higher terrain than the surrounding areas, which is a good geographical environment. Meanwhile, various plants provide a harmonious ecological environment for the garden. As a distinctive residential garden, Yannan Garden attracts visitors from all walks of life, and teachers and students from the School of Architecture of Tsinghua University once sketched here to study its architectural features.

However, Yannan Garden also has its shortcomings. The interviewees generally pointed out the following points:

First, the tourists broke the original tranquility and cleanliness, and the passing cars raised dust and made noise, which caused great damage to the environment in the park.

the second is the problem of public toilets. The land occupied by public toilets used to be children's playground, but due to neglect of management, the construction of public toilets not only eliminated children's play, but also had a great impact on the environment. In fact, in Yannan Garden, every independent house has independent sanitary facilities, and the establishment of public toilets only provides convenience for small business vendors outside the garden. As one of the few outdoor public toilets in Peking University campus, its establishment naturally makes sense. However, it may not be very reasonable to locate it in Yannan Garden, which is rich in cultural heritage and profound connotation, and in Yannan Garden, where old professors study and study.

the third is the contradiction between office and residence. As an interviewee pointed out, some houses in Yannan Garden have been assigned to some administrative institutions by the school, and the office of administrative institutions has further broken the tranquility of the garden, which cannot but cause deep thought.

The charm of Yannan Garden represents a part of the charm of Peking University, and it is the style of scholarship and pleasant temperament. Its integrity is an inseparable part of Peking University. Perhaps, its tranquility should not be broken and watched ...

3. Changes in the apple orchard-Jingyuan Lawn

The famous Jingyuan Lawn used to be an apple orchard. As a lawn, it replaced the position of the East Lawn. The former East Lawn is in the position of the new library now. It used to be a romantic lawn that students loved very much. A Peking University student wrote: "The East Lawn is the land to the east of the old library of Peking University. This used to be a stage for Gao Xiaosong's gang who took a broken guitar to Peking University to fool little girls, and it was also a good place for us Peking University students to study and have a rest. Many couples in Peking University met, met and fell in love on the East Lawn, and their feelings for this lawn were deeper. ..... Li Ka-shing said: It's a pity that this land is empty. I'll give you some money to build half a library. A year later, there is no scene of one person, one newspaper and one book here. A building more solemn than the Supreme People's Court has drowned many stories that should have happened. " (Source: campus.chinaren.com)

After the strong demand of students, the original apple orchard was turned into a lawn. The romance of the lawn has been restored, but the rare orchard in the campus has been lost forever. It's always a pity.

compatibility may be really difficult. Over the years, in order to accept more and more scholars and connect with the international community, many original natural and man-made unique scenery can only give way to new buildings, which has aroused the feelings of countless old Peking University people. And development is always necessary, the key is how to develop, how to use land in suitable places, and leave our pride in other places. If one day, the unnamed lake begins to shrink, or new buildings stand around the unnamed lake, that is our real sorrow.

"One Tower Lake Map" is not the whole of Peking University. The spirit of Peking University is very broad, and the pride of Peking University lies in the harmonious unity of culture, science and nature it creates ...

4. Unique ingenuity-the path leading to the unnamed lake

The northern part of Peking University's campus can be said to be full of ancient charm, like the traditional gardens in China, which gives people a heavy sense of thought and history in the beautiful romance. "Life at Peking University is closer to the traditional literati." A Tsinghua student who always likes to linger on the unnamed lake said. This kind of scholar-bureaucrat spirit can also be reflected from the paths leading to the unnamed lake. Its shade and quietness constitute the unique scenery of Peking University.

there are all kinds of plants growing along the quiet path. What attracts people's attention is the stone under the snow pine, whose unique use is refreshing. The wax at the lower part of pine needles is acidic. If it falls into the soil, the soil will be affected by acidification and the soil quality will become worse, so that there will be dust flying when it is windy. And stones can prevent dust, thus ensuring the freshness and cleanliness of the road and air here.

The eaves of traditional buildings along the road provide a good living environment for birds such as sparrows, and the sound of birds is endless. Here, man and nature are truly integrated, which is a rare scenery.

On October 6th, 22, Xinhuanet reported the following: (Source: www.sohu.com)

"Walking into the campus of Peking University, on the branches, on the grass, beside the teaching building, in front of the library, on the unnamed lake, at the top of Boya Tower ... you can see crowds of magpies and other birds everywhere, and there is a scene of" campus everywhere round me the singing of birds ".

"Zhang Liming, deputy director of the Propaganda Department of the Party Committee of Peking University, who graduated from the Chinese Department of Peking University p>“19 years ago, said in an interview with Xinhua News Agency that he saw magpies on campus when he was in college, but the number was not as large as it is now. At first, it was estimated that there were as many as several thousand magpies. Now, you can see not only magpies, but also squirrels, hedgehogs and other wild animals on campus, and white swans have flown over the unnamed lake. During the speech, the reporter saw magpies flying by the window of his office from time to time.

"Now, the campus of Peking University has become a paradise for all kinds of birds and animals. The campus is full of evergreen trees and spring and autumn trees such as dignified and thick green juniper, vigorous and simple Chinese pine, gorgeous and elegant white pine, golden and rich ginkgo maple. According to the investigation of Landscape Architecture Department of Peking University, there are 416 ancient trees in the whole school, of which 3 are over 3 years old and 386 are over 1 years old.

"Zhang Liming said:" A good ecological environment has become an important part of Peking University campus culture. " Every holiday, there are thousands of tourists from all over the world who come to Peking University campus to feel the cultural atmosphere. "

Yes, we are really working hard on ecological construction. Just as we later saw a magpie who had no fear of people at the west school gate. Sincere joy, rising ...

5. The island in the middle of the unnamed lake and the shadow of the stone fish

Lake light tower make people linger. The unnamed lake has outstanding scenery and has become a symbol of the scenery of Peking University. The willows around the lake are graceful and graceful, with drooping branches, patting the water gently, and the reflection of Boyata looms in the water. Lying across the lake are stone boats, and dotted with tower views are small islands in the lake. The quiet island in the middle of the lake is a pearl on the unnamed lake. Turning the tail stone fish is a unique scenery in the lake.

Only from the teacher did I know the story behind it. The island used to be an excellent environment for the vigorous growth of plants such as reeds, and it is a small environment with extremely harmonious ecology, which together with the rock fish form a unique landscape. However, in the centennial celebration, in order to better introduce and explain, the school set up an explanation board on the island, which attracted a large number of tourists to the island, and the growth of reeds was greatly affected by human influence until the reeds completely disappeared from the island.

Fortunately, the school has realized this, and the instruction board we saw today has been moved from the island to the lake. An ecosystem with self-recovery should be able to return to its original state after long-term development. In the near future, we can have an excellent ecological island again, but not all mistakes can be remedied. Sometimes, a not-so-wise decision can cause great regret. The long-term nature of planning can be seen from this. I only hope that the story of the island can bring us some enlightenment.

6. Weixiu Garden and Changchun Garden

Yan Garden with a long history is our pride.

"Peking University Yanyuan Campus became a famous scenic spot in the suburbs of Beijing as early as the Jin Dynasty. In the Ming dynasty, gardens were built on a large scale, and in the Qing dynasty, they became the "gift garden" of feudal emperors. During the Republic of China, it became a campus in yenching university. The campus land includes eight ancient garden sites, namely, Shaoyuan Garden, Shuchun Garden, Minghe Garden, Jingchun Garden, Langrun Garden, Weixiu Garden, Chengze Garden and Zhibeizi Garden. Adjacent to Yuanmingyuan in location, it is similar to several gardens in the Spring Garden of Yuanmingyuan in content and gardening style. Different from the royal gardens in Yu Hongli, they are also different from the private gardens in the mountains. After many vicissitudes, many ancient gardens were burned by imperialist powers along with Yuanmingyuan, or were occupied and sold by warlords, and many of them have been razed to the ground. ..... Shuchun Garden, Langrun Garden, Minghe Garden and Chengze Garden are survivors, among which the hills are still intact, which is a testimony to the long history of the campus and a valuable cultural relic.

"In 192, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Women's University and Beijing Huiwen University merged to form the yenching university. President Si Tuleideng bought Shuchun Garden and the old site of Shaoyuan in the south from warlord Chen Shufan for 6, silver dollars, and the American architect H.Y.Mrphg was responsible for the campus planning and design, which started in 1921 and was basically completed in 1929. The campus originally occupied 4 hectares with 8 students. From 1928 to 1931, Longrun Garden, Minghe Garden, Jingchun Garden, Weixiu Garden and Chengze Garden were successively acquired as staff dormitory welfare areas. At the same time, Zhibeizi Garden was also purchased as the internship site of the Agricultural Department of Yanda University. Peking University Weiming Lake Yanyuan's architectural function and environment are unified, and architectural art and environment are coordinated. Individual architecture with traditional national style is in harmony with ancient garden style, the arrangement of vertical and horizontal alternating architectural axes and garden environment penetrate each other, and the application of architectural group motif constitutes a harmonious rhythm. The spatial sequence in which architecture blends with mountains and rivers, roads and trees gives people a variety of beautiful feelings. "

(Source: Peking University Institute of Education)

Looking back, we have a desire to know more. What are the gardens that are residential areas for faculty members today?

When you walk into Weixiu Garden, the charm of the old garden is discernible. However, the spatial sequence of "architecture, mountains and rivers, roads and trees" makes people produce.