(sle) is an autoimmune disease that affects multiple systems and organs of the body, has complex clinical manifestations, and has a prolonged and recurring course. Lupus erythematosus can be divided into two categories: systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE). Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) is a skin lesion between discoidal lupus erythematosus and systemic lupus erythematosus. The following explains the difference between the symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus and discoid lupus erythematosus. Symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus: 1. The erythematous rash is of various types. Butterfly-shaped erythema on the malar face and edematous erythema around the nails and fingers are characteristic manifestations of SLE. The shapes include discoid erythema, annular erythema, edematous erythema, erythema multiforme, etc. There are red papules and maculopapular rashes, which are generally not itchy or slightly itchy, and can occur in many parts of the body. Photosensitivity, about 1/3 of patients will develop facial redness or sun allergy rash as soon as they encounter sunlight. 2. Fever can be high, moderate or low. Those with high fever tend to have more residual fever. Those with long-term fever will have irregular fever or alternating high and low fever. 3. Mucosal ulcers and hair loss. Mucosal damage involves the lips, tongue, cheeks, etc., and painless mucosal ulcers occur; hair loses luster, becomes dry, brittle, and sparse, which is called "lupus hair." 4. Raynaud's phenomenon occurs symmetrically on both hands and feet in the order of whitening, cyanosis, and flushing. It is induced by cold and mostly occurs in winter. 5. Arthritis is often characterized by joint pain and muscle pain, which is migratory and symmetrical. Joint pain may appear several years before the onset, with swelling, tenderness and fluid accumulation in the soft tissues around the joints. The most common affected areas are the proximal finger joints, metacarpophalangeal joints, wrists, elbows, knees, toe joints, etc. 6. Vasculitis may cause large petechiae on the hands and feet. Fingertips and toe tips are sunken, ulcerated, and necrotic. Rarely, it can cause vasculitis obliterans of the dorsalis pedis artery, accompanied by severe pain. Reticular livedo and flaky purple spots may appear on the legs. 7. Patients with heart damage may be accompanied by pericarditis, myocarditis, endocarditis, and occasionally heart failure. There may be chest tightness, chest pain, shortness of breath, palpitations, etc. 8. Lung damage: Coughing, shortness of breath, usually without phlegm, possible fever, and severe lung damage may even lead to respiratory failure. Patients with lung damage are prone to repeated secondary infections that aggravate their condition, and may be complicated by obstructive emphysema, bronchopneumonia, respiratory failure, pulmonary encephalopathy, cor pulmonale, heart failure, or pulmonary cavities and massive hemoptysis. 9. Kidney damage is early and common. It is the most important visceral damage and the main cause of death from systemic lupus erythematosus. There are various clinical manifestations of nephritis. Protein, red blood cells, and white blood cells can be found in urine in the early stage, and a few patients have casts. Mild glomerulonephritis usually presents with mild hematuria at the beginning. Some acute lupus glomerulonephritis has more protein, white blood cells, and red blood cells in the urine, accompanied by edema, hypertension, azotemia, etc. Nephrotic syndrome may occur in the later stages of renal function damage, which is manifested by large amounts of protein in the urine, edema, hypoalbuminemia, or uremia. In severe cases, renal failure may occur and lead to death. 10. Brain damage can cause various mental disorders, such as irritability. Symptoms of discoid lupus erythematosus: Discoid lupus erythematosus rash tends to occur in exposed parts, such as the cheekbones, tip of the nose, bridge of the nose, wings of the nose, lips, head, neck, upper chest and back, extensor sides of the upper limbs, back of hands, fingers (toes) ) on the back, heels, etc. It starts out as one or several small round red macules or papules, and gradually expands into round or irregular plaques. The rash is light red or dark red in color, may be accompanied by telangiectasia, and is covered with scales and peeling. There are scaly keratin plugs under the desquamation, the skin lesions have clear and slightly elevated borders, and the center is atrophied and slightly depressed, making it disc-shaped. Oral damage may occur in 20% to 25% of patients, and the lower lip, gums, and buccal mucosa are more likely to be affected. When the lips are damaged, it is more common on the lower lip, often forming gray-white erosions or shallow ulcers. Scarring of the scalp can cause permanent hair loss. Discoid lupus erythematosus can be aggravated by sun exposure or exertion. Generally there are no systemic symptoms, and a few may have mild fever, fatigue, joint pain or muscle pain. The course of the disease is chronic and rarely resolves spontaneously. Occasionally, secondary cancer may occur. 5% of discoid lupus erythematosus can transform into systemic lupus erythematosus.