Test the following soldier ant key list (⑤ ~ ⑧).
Important similar species are tropical fire ants, wood fire ants, black fire ants and Brazilian fire ants.
Species identification picture reference information red imported fire ants and related species soldier ants identification key table number. Table 1 table 2① compound eyes are small, less than 10 eyes, marked 2 compound eyes, more than 10 eyes, and marked 5 ② compound eyes only have 2-4 eyes; The length of the thoracoabdominal segment is twice as long as the total length of the anterior chest and the middle chest-Tippner's compound eye has more than 4 microphthalmos; If there are only four small eyes, the thoracoabdominal joint is at most equal to or shorter than the total length of the front chest and the middle chest, indicating that the antenna handle is short, rarely exceeding the length of the antenna handle of 1/2-jacotti, and far exceeding the angular distance between the compound eye and the head of 1/2, indicating that the head is nearly rectangular, small and narrow; The crown margin is not depressed, almost straight -indagatrix head width, the middle part of the crown margin is depressed -fugax ⑤ the teeth in the middle part of the lip base are missing, and there are few inconspicuous small teeth. Mark 6 has obvious middle teeth on the base of lip, and mark 8 ⑤ the front and back sides of the head are almost parallel; The middle of the top of the head is obviously sunken, and the longitudinal groove with horizontal stripes extends to the forehead; There are ridges on the back of the thoracoabdominal segment and on both sides of the posterior slope-Jimena's head is wide at the front and narrow at the bottom; The longitudinal groove in the middle of the head is shallow and has no transverse stripes; There are no ridges on both sides of the back surface and the back slope of the thoracoabdominal segment, and there are at most short ridges or protrusions at the junction of the back surface and the back slope. The head width of larger individuals is 1. Above 5mm, there are a pair of short longitudinal ridges or irregular protrusions on both sides of the junction between the back of the largest worker ant's thoracoabdominal segment and its back slope-the maximum individual head width of Geminata× XYLONI is less than 1. 48mm, and there is no back in the chest and abdomen-XYLONI ⑧ The front corner of the front chest backboard is angular and often has obvious protrusions; The middle part of the back of the backboard is usually concave; The head is dark brown; The upper jaw is usually yellowish brown; There is no dark middle point on the forehead, or it is rarely separated from the surroundings; There are obvious yellow-brown spots on the posterior abdomen 1 backboard-Richteri's chest backboard is round and usually has no protrusion; The middle of the back of the backboard is flat or convex; The head is yellow, at least near the base of the maxilla and the base of the lip, and there is no dark forehead and middle spot in 9. The upper half or 23 parts of the tubercle of the posterior abdominal stalk are bright or slightly striped, and the lower half or 13 parts are striped and engraved-Saevisima has dark spots on his forehead; The posterior abdominal peduncle is rectangular, the top is bright, and the lower part is covered with 23 or more horizontal stripes and engraved points-the classification of Formicidae from -invicta to 2005 is mainly based on the description of worker ants, especially soldier ants. Head: the head is nearly square to slightly heart-shaped, with a length of 1.00 ~ 1.47 mm and a width of 0.90 ~ 1.42 mm, and the middle part of the head is slightly concave, without longitudinal grooves; The middle teeth in the base of the lip are developed, which is about half the length of the lateral teeth, sometimes not in the middle position; The bristles at the base of the lip are obvious and inserted at the end or proximal end of the middle tooth; The lateral ridge of the labial base is obvious, the tip protrudes into triangular sharp teeth, and the edge of the lateral labial base of the middle tooth between the lateral teeth is concave; The compound eye is oval with the largest diameter of 1 1 ~ 14 and the smallest diameter of about 8 ~ 10. The antenna handle is long, and the end of the soldier ant handle is about 0.08 to 0 from the top of the head. 15 times the length of the handle, the end of the handle of the small worker ant can reach or exceed the top of the head.
Chest: the front angle of the front chest backboard is round to a slight angle, and the shoulder angle is rarely prominent; The front and rear side plates of the middle chest are thick, and many transverse edges perpendicular to the thick edges are planted inside the thick edges; There are no ridges on the back and sides of the thoracoabdominal slope, and there are only obtuse angles between the back and the back slope.
Abdomen: The posterior abdominal peduncle is slightly wider than the anterior abdominal peduncle. There may be some shallow longitudinal grooves on the ventral surface of the anterior abdominal stalk node, and the ventral process of the stalk is small and flat. The posterior abdominal stalk knot is rectangular from the back, with a bright top and more than 2/3 of the lower part covered with stripes and engraved points.
Others: Although the colors of individuals in the same nest are relatively consistent, there are great differences in intraspecies colors, including two colors, the head and chest are from orange to dark reddish brown, and the abdomen after the stalk is from brown to 1 with large spots to dark brown on the backboard.
In most specimens, the color of the triangular middle frontal spot and the narrow middle longitudinal groove behind it is obviously darker than that around it. In the same nest, the color of coolies is darker than that of coolies. By 2005, it was known to have occurred in Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, Uruguay, the United States (Trager, 199 1) (about11930s), Australia (200 1) and New Zealand (200 1). Some species in America (1) can also cause pustules, but the soldiers of uinquecuspis, megergates, macdonaghi and electra all have one eye; The color of interrupta also varies greatly, and sometimes it is difficult to distinguish it from the imported red fire ants, but the former looks nearly trapezoidal after the abdominal stalk knot, and the latter has obvious color difference between the middle point of the forehead and the surrounding area, which can be used for identification. Weyrauchi is similar to Solenopsis invicta, but the head of the former is narrower. The maximum head width index (head width × 100 head length) of soldier ants is about 90, while that of soldier ants is 95 ~ 100. In addition, the middle frontal spot of the former is often divided into two long spots. Pythia soldier ants are very similar to saevissima, and the main difference between them and red imported fire ants can be found in the key table. The posterior upper area of the valve of pusillignis's posterior thoracic lateral plate is covered with tiny dots or dots and fine lines, while invicta, richteri and saevissima are bright in this area. (1) Golden Dragon with Five Paws, a species that can cause pustules in America, interrupted the characteristic reference of Macdonaghi Electra Puilgginis Richteri Saevisima Pytia Weyrauchi Invicta worker ants. Reproductive female ants: winged female ants are 8 ~ 10 mm long, with brown head and chest, black abdomen, 2 pairs of wings, small head, knee-shaped antennae, developed chest and prominent front chest backboard. After mating, the female ants land, shed their wings and build nests to become queens. The queen's figure (especially her abdomen) can increase with the increase of life span.
Male ant: 7 ~ 8 mm long, black, with 2 pairs of wings, small head, filiform antennae, well-developed chest and prominent front chest backboard.
Large worker ants-soldier ants: 6 ~ 7 mm long, similar in appearance to small worker ants, with orange-yellow body and dark brown abdominal backboard.
Eggs: Eggs are ovoid, with a size of 0. 23~0。 30mm, milky white.
Larvae: * * 4th instar, all milky white, length of each instar: 1 age 0. 27~0。 42mm2 years old 0. 42mm3 years old 0. 59~0。 76mm4 instar larvae developed into worker ant 0. 79~ 1。 20 mm, and the 4th instar larvae that are about to develop into sexual reproductive ants can reach 4 ~ 5 mm in length. 1 ~ 2 years old has a smooth body surface, 3 ~ 4 years old has short hair, and 4 years old has a deep ossification of the maxilla, which is slightly brown.
Pupa: naked pupa, milky white, worker bee pupa is 0. 70~0。 80mm, the pupa of sexually reproductive ants is 5 ~ 7 mm long, and the tentacles and feet are exposed.
Other stage picture reference materials