(2) In the garden construction drawing design, in addition to the most common pavement design, garden road design, plant design and other elements, the structure category also includes other complex structural designs of the factory, such as characteristic flower beds, characteristic pavilions, various waterscape modeling, landscape wall design and so on. This kind of design elements should not only reflect its distinctive appearance in line with the designer's design concept, but also contain related complex structures. Foundation reinforced concrete structure, wood structure and steel structure must be understood in the same construction drawing to prevent potential safety hazards caused by wrong practices. (3) Design Specification Every garden construction project must pass the preliminary construction and fire control approval before the design and construction can begin. For example, the specification for setting fire lanes: circular fire lanes should be set around high-rise buildings; The width of the fire lane should not be less than 4m. The fire lane is more than 5 meters away from the external wall of the high-rise building, and there should be no obstacles within 4 meters above the fire lane; At the end of the fire lane, there should be a return lane or a return yard, which should not be less than 15×l5 meters, and the clean parking lot for large fire engines should not be less than18x18m. If it is a hidden fire lane, you can set lawn grids or grass bricks within 4 meters on both sides of the garden road. Turning radius (inner diameter) of fire lane: large car12m, small car 9m. Pipes and culverts under fire lanes should be able to withstand the pressure of fire vehicles. There are also different types of engineering projects with different design requirements, such as the design of commercial squares, parks, residential quarters, and the ratio of green area to building area. The layout requirements of sketch facilities are also different. Second, the design sequence of garden construction drawing design. Landscape planning drawing design includes two parts: preliminary design and construction drawing design. A complete design scheme must be initially conceived, then modified according to the actual situation to make the design more reasonable, and then the construction drawing design is carried out separately to form a complete and sound design scheme. (1) Preliminary design. The preliminary design shall be carried out after the approval of the overall planning and design documents and the resolution of outstanding issues. The preliminary design shall include design drawings, specifications, total bill of quantities and budgetary estimate. The height and distance in the figure are measured in meters, accurate to two decimal places. The CAD aided calculation function provides great help for the statistical summary of engineering quantity. ① Layout of roads and water supply and drainage pipelines. Firstly, determine the main entrance, main exit and dedicated entrance of the park, as well as the positions of the main square, ring road and dedicated fire escape on the overall road design. At the same time, the position of primary and secondary roads, the width of various roads and the longitudinal slope of drainage are determined, and the pavement information pavement form of main roads is preliminarily determined. Contour lines are drawn with dashed lines, roads and squares at different levels are represented with different thick and thin lines, and the control elevation of main roads is marked. According to the requirements of the overall planning, determine the introduction mode, total water consumption, general distribution, pipe diameter and water pressure of the whole park. , as well as the amount of rainwater and sewage, discharge mode, general layout of pipe network, pipe diameter, water destination and other issues.
(2) Planting planning and design. According to the layout and design principles of the overall design, the overall idea of the whole garden is determined. The overall design content of planting mainly includes the layout of planting types, such as lawns, sparse forests, trees, shrubs, solitary trees, flower beds, reading glasses, garden trees, garden trees, lakeside trees and garden planting sketches. The layout of garden buildings requires that the architectural layout of the whole garden in the overall design can be expressed on the plane. In addition to the plane layout, the plane and facade of the main buildings should also be drawn. (2) Construction drawing design. After the overall scheme is determined, the construction drawing design is followed by the local detailed design work, that is, the construction drawing design. Architectural design drawings include building plan, plane elevation, planting design, garden road and square construction drawing, etc. ① Horizontal and vertical sections. The most important part of local art or the part of local terrain change, so as to better express the design intention. The scale of such drawings is usually 1:200- 1:500. (2) planting design. After the overall design scheme is determined, the local design and detailed scenic spot design should be carried out, and the plant planting map should be designed at the same time. The general scale is 1:500, which requires that the planting point and planting quantity of trees can be accurately described on the drawings; Planting position of dense forest, sparse forest, tree group, lakeshore tree and garden road. Iii. Methods to solve problems In view of the problems existing in garden construction, the design work should be carried out in strict accordance with the relevant specifications: (1) Requirements of drawing specifications Engineering drawings strictly follow the relevant national architectural drawing specifications, and all drawings are required to be consistent. The scope of the design project should be drawn in the general plan, and the coordinate network points and base points of the construction design plane should be clearly marked in the drawings as the basis for construction setting-out. The construction drawing shall indicate the header, column, compasses, scale, title bar and a brief description of the design contents of the drawing, and the drawing shall be clear and tidy, highlighting the linearity such as thick and thin solid lines, dashed lines and broken lines. The labeling of numbers and characters is from the perspective of drawing and convenient labeling. Plant planting forms can be divided into point planting, sheet planting and turf planting, which can be marked in different ways. ① Layer: Set the layer according to the needs of each drawing, but don't be fussy, so as not to increase the capacity of the drawing. The layer should be set according to the thickness of the line and the name of the type. Every company should set a layer standard, and all drawings should set layers according to this standard. ② External reference: It is best to use external reference for the general plan, base map and bounding box, and the drawing frame should be inserted in the layout space. For landscape architecture drawings, learning to use external reference and drawing space is helpful to reduce the trouble of revision and facilitate the typesetting and marking of various drawings.
③ Marking: No matter whether the drawing is A3 or A0, the word height of marking should be set to 2.5 or 3.0 (mm). The label in the figure should be blank. Select "Associate New Labels" in the label association option, so you don't need to change the label scale frequently. However, if you want to move the layout, the associated labels may change, so you can modify the numbers manually. (4) Layout: Every detail should have surface layout, plane/grid positioning, elevation, section and necessary node details. Sometimes it is necessary to draw project views, structural plans, etc. For the needs of construction. ⑤ Scale: Generally speaking, plane L:100 (1:150), elevation L: 20 (1: 30) and section L:10 (1:). (2) The requirements of construction specifications should not only follow the drawing specifications, but also strictly follow the construction specifications to avoid potential safety hazards or inconvenience. (1) handrails: 200 ~ 300 (mm) for low handrails, 800 ~ 900 (mm) for middle handrails and1100 ~/300 (mm) for high handrails, which shall be selected as required. Generally speaking, low bars are used to define the boundaries of lawns and flower beds, which is also a good decoration and embellishment for U' species; In a confined space, crowded gate, playground, etc. Use the middle column to emphasize guidance; On uneven ground, animal cages, external walls, etc. , separated by high fences, and the railing spacing should not be greater than 1 10(mm)? . ② Stairs: The tread width of indoor stairs should not be less than 260(mm), and generally 280 ~ 300 (mm) is the most comfortable. The riser height should not be higher than 200(mm), and it is generally the most comfortable at 150 ~ 180 (mm). Moreover, the width of each pedal should be the same as the height of the vertical plate, otherwise people will easily fall down. The outdoor ladder width should be greater than 300(mm), generally 400 ~ 500mm is the most comfortable. The riser height should be less than 150(mm), and it is generally the most comfortable between 100 ~ 130(mm). The height of the handrail should not be less than 900 mm. ③ Seats: Generally, most of the seats purchased now are garden seats. They are provided by the manufacturer. But in order to match the designer's design concept, you can also design your own unique seat shape. The height of the seat is more than 600(mm), generally 450(mm) is the most suitable, and the shortest should not be less than 300(mm). The child seat can be set to 300(mm): the width of the seat is generally not less than 300(mm).
④ Garden Road/Lane: Garden Road is different from most urban roads, it not only organizes transportation; There are also its landscape design requirements: organizing sightseeing routes and providing rest places. The garden road here includes sidewalks and driveways. The main lanes are connected with the whole park, and traffic, production, rescue, fire fighting and sightseeing bus must be considered. 7-8 meters wide: the secondary lane connects various scenic spots and buildings, connecting light vehicles and rickshaws, with a width of 3-4 meters. Sidewalks should be set on both sides or one side, which is generally higher than the driveway 100- 150(mm). If there are special requirements, such as facilitating the entry of cars, it can be reduced appropriately. Under normal circumstances, kerbs need to be set on both sides of the driveway and on the sidewalk near the road to ensure the traffic safety of pedestrians and vehicles and the cleanliness of the road edge. Four. Conclusion At present, many computer-aided design programs are used in many design work, and many computer programs are applied. However, no matter which drawing method is adopted, we must attach great importance to the places that are easily omitted in the drawing, and the drawings must be complete and sound, so as to better guide the garden construction, prevent the occurrence of construction safety accidents and create perfect garden works.