Among China surnames in population order, Jin is the 60th most popular surname in China, with a large population, accounting for about 0.3 1% of the Han population in China.
The historical development of Jin surname
Main source and flow direction
Jin (j and n) surname, the source is:
Origin one
From Jintian, Shao Hao. According to legend, Shao Hao was one of the five ancient emperors, and Shao Hao was honored as the Western Emperor after his death. That is, Ying Shao's "Customs" in the Eastern Han Dynasty said: What is the surname of Jin? What about Jin after that? . Shao Hao is the leader of the ancient Dongyi tribe with birds as its totem. He used to be an official named Bird, who was in charge of handicrafts and agriculture. According to legend, he learned Tai Hao's method, so he was called Shao Hao. According to the five elements theory of the ancients, Jin was born in the earth, and he was named Jin Shitian after King Jinde. "The Emperor's Century" said: Shao Hao went from poverty to the Emperor of Three Lights, and then to Qufu. Poor mulberry is in the north of Qufu, Shandong Province today. One of Shao Hao's sons simplified his figures? Where's Kim For the surname, it is the Kim family.
Liu Yuan 2
Originated from the Huns, Jin Ridi, the son of the Xiongnu King in the Western Han Dynasty, was given the surname by the emperor. In the Western Han Dynasty, the son of the Southern Xiongnu earth-repairing king was named Rihao, and when Emperor Wu surrendered to the Han family with his mother, he was given the surname because he was given the title of sacrifice to the gods by the earth-repairing king. Kim. [2] He used to be a horse supervisor, and later worshipped the car with merit. Jin Ridi, born in 134 ~ 86 BC, whose real name is Uncle Weng, was born in Wuwei (now Minqin, Gansu) with a butcher. Che Qi, a famous minister in the Western Han Dynasty, was a far-sighted Xiongnu politician. In September of the first year of Emperor Zhao of Han Dynasty (86 BC), Jin Ridi died in Chang 'an (now Xi) at the age of 49 and was buried in Maoling. Hou Jing? . Jin Ridi lived in the Han Dynasty for a long time, studied hard and studied the progressive culture of political, economic, military and social life in the Han Dynasty. Therefore, during his tenure in the Central Committee, he tried his best to maintain unity and opposed any acts that undermined and split unity. He saw through and defeated the rebellion many times in his life, and made immortal contributions to maintaining the rule and social peace of the Han Dynasty.
Jin Ridi's descendants were given by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty? Kim. As surnames, they are all integrated into the Han nationality and passed down from generation to generation.
Liu Yuan 3
Originated from the surname change, from the Liu family of Wu Yueguo in the Five Dynasties, belonging to the surname change. From the end of the Tang Dynasty to the Five Dynasties, Qian Liu, a great man in wuyue, established Wu Yueguo, and he became the first monarch of this country.
Because of Qian Liu? Hey? With what? Liu? For homonyms, Qian Liu wrote a letter to avoid his anonymity, changing all the surnames of Wu Yueguo to Jin, which was passed down from generation to generation.
Origin four
According to legend, in ancient times, there was the State of Jin, and the Chinese took Jin as their surname, followed by Fuxi Chen Jindi (see "Examination of Family Names").
Origin five
Give a last name. In the Ming dynasty, the Mongolian prince also worked in the soil first, and Yuan people such as Essentuk and Alhat Shili were given the golden surname. Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty gave Taiwan Province seven indigenous surnames, all of which were Jin.
Liu Yuan
Change your last name or something Jin Luxiang in Yuan Dynasty and Jin Shengtan in Qing Dynasty all changed their surnames. Jingpo Jinpi, Henggun, Daur Suoqu, Deligen and other Han surnames are Jin; Qiang people in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Silla Kingdom in the Tang Dynasty and Jurchen people in the Jin Dynasty. Today, Hui, Mongolian, Tu and other ethnic groups all have the surname of Jin.
Origin seven
From Korean? Wang? Last name. In A.D. 1392, Li Chenggui, the general of the Korean dynasty, deposed the King of Korea, established himself as king, and changed his name to? North Korea? . Korean king wanted to exterminate the original Korean royal family (Wang Xing) with strong Mongolian ancestry, so Koreans changed their surnames to Jin, Quan and Yu, and now they are mostly distributed in three northeastern provinces.
According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms and the Heritage of the Three Kingdoms, in 65 AD, a nun heard a cock crow in the Woods west of Gyeongju. So he sent Premier Gong Xian to have a look. Xian Gong found a gold box hanging on a tree in the forest. There is a rooster crowing under the golden box. The stripper moved the gold box today. When I opened the box, I found a child inside. The stripper adopted the child today. Because the child comes from a golden box, the teacher who is now discharged from the hospital is called Jin. The forest where the golden box was found was also renamed the chicken forest (the forest where the rooster crowed). "The History of the Three Kingdoms" records: Change the name of the forest to Chicken Forest, because you think it is the country name? .
Yuanliuba
Originated from place names, it came from Jincheng County in the northwest in the Han Dynasty, and was named after living in the city. Before the Han Dynasty? Jincheng County is recorded in Geography. Jincheng County was established in the sixth year of Liu Fuling (8 1 year BC). Originally the land of the ancient Xiongnu, in July of the lunar calendar, the frontier was wide, and Jincheng County was located in Tianshui, Longxi and Zhangye counties. Legend has it that gold was won when the city was built, so it was called Jincheng. And say? Kim. , take its strong meaning. Jincheng County governs the western part of Lanzhou, Gansu Province and a part of Qinghai Province, that is, the north bank of the Yellow River northwest of Gaolan County, which is located in Wu Yun (now Yongjing, Gansu Province). Jincheng in Han Dynasty refers to Lanzhou today, but it is not within the jurisdiction of Jincheng County. In the Western Jin Dynasty, Yuzhong (now Yuzhong, Gansu) was ruled first; In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, he moved the capital to Jincheng (now Gaolan, Gansu); In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Jincheng County first ruled Yuzhong and then moved to Jincheng (now Hanyin, Shaanxi). The Sui Dynasty abandoned the county, moved to Lanzhou and moved to Gaolan. In the Tang Dynasty, it was first called Lanzhou, then changed to Jincheng County, and later renamed Dust State. In the Song Dynasty, it was simply called Jincheng County in Lanzhou, and Nanqi was ruled by it, which is now Nanzheng in Shaanxi.
Most people who lived in Jincheng in ancient times were Huns and Xiqiang people, so some people took Jincheng as their Chinese surname and called it the Jin family.
Liu Yuan 9
Originated from the official position, it belonged to the official title of surname when an official of the Han Dynasty served as Wu Jin. In the history book "The Former Han Dynasty? In the Table of Officials and Officials, it is recorded that officials control Jin Wu. The sun is the name of an ancient auspicious bird, which aims to avoid ominous signs. Later, when the emperor and monarch traveled, they held Jin Wu as the forerunner to resist the extraordinary, so they held the image of this bird as a famous official. ? In fact, among the guards, Jin Wu is a weapon, made of metal bars, mostly made of copper bars, both ends of which are painted with gold and engraved with? Jin Wu? It looks like the Monkey King's golden hoop, and a captain can hold it. What's this called? Dr Jin Wu? For Wu Zhi, protecting the monarch and punishing it, referred to as? Holding jinwu? . Most of Wu Jinda was a close friend of the emperor, loyal to the monarch, and was named? Holding jinwu? Who has always been the honor of a great beauty. During the Tang Dynasty, it was divided into left and right Jin Wuwei, who was in charge of the guards of Gongting River and Gyeonggi, and was one of the guards. In Jin Wuwei, there are rank, rank, rank and other official positions, and Kevin·Z is a senior official. This official system was used until the Ming Dynasty.
Among the descendants of Zhi Jinwu, there are those who take their ancestors' official titles as their surnames, which are called Jin Wushi, and later the provincial language is simplified to a single surname of Jin.
Origin ten
Jin Cao, an official from the Cao Wei period in the late Three Kingdoms, is an official title. Jin Cao was an official post in the Prime Minister and the Three Houses after Cao Wei and Jin Dynasties. During the Cao Wei period, there was a special Cao Jin official office in the Prime Minister's Office. The leader's name is Yu, with an official rank of 300 stones, and another, with an official rank of 200 stones and seven official positions. Cao Jinguan is mainly responsible for currency, salt and iron affairs. During the Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, the corresponding official position of the Prime Minister's House was renamed to join the army, but the Liu and Song regime in the Southern Dynasties was still set as Jin Cao in Taiwei House.
Among Mao He's descendants, some took their ancestors' official titles as surnames, which were called surname. Later, the language in the province was simplified to the single surname Jin.
Origin eleven
Originated from Mongols, from the Mongolian royal family in the Ming Dynasty, belonging to the emperor who gave his surname as surname. During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, Judy, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, led 200,000 troops to attack Mobei, and Yuan Shizu only won a catty. The descendant of Kublai Khan, Mongolian prince Kyle Polo, weighed only one catty? First, Tugan led his wife and all tribes to surrender, and was overjoyed, so he was given the surname of China. According to Records of the History of Qing Dynasty? Team strategy? Mongolian Eight Banners surname ","Qing Dynasty annals "? Clan strategy
? Attached to the Mongolian Eight Banners Surname record:
(1). The Mongolian allert family originated from Alarab, Mongolia in Yuan Dynasty and lived in Nutukhara, tabak. If there is Manchu as the surname, Manchu is Althala. After many coronations, the surname of China people is Jin.
(2) Mongolian Arutes live in Chahar (now Zhangjiakou, Hebei, including parts of Hebei, Wulanchabu League, Xilin Gol League and Shanxi). If there is Manchu as the surname, Manchu is Aluthala. Han's surname is Kim.
⑶. The Mongolian Asuk family lived in Harqin (now Harqin Banner, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia) and took the land as their surname. If there is Manchu as the surname, Manchu is Asukhara. After many coronations, the surname of China people is Jin.
(4) Mongolian Asut, surnamed Bu, lives in Sirtara (now Gu Yong Town, Zhangye, Gansu). If there is Manchu as a surname, Manchu is Asut Hara. After many coronations, the surname of China people is Jin.
5]. The aruru Roth family of Mongolians originated from the Arulati department of Mongolians in Yuan Dynasty and lived in Chahar. If there is Manchu as the surname, Manchu is Aluthala. Han's surname is Kim.
[6].Ammouni Butas, Mongolian, lives in Sunnikazari. If anyone takes Manchu as his surname, Manchu is Nibtashara in A Mu. After many coronations, the surname of China people is Jin.
Mongolian steamed buns originated from Genghis Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty? Gold family? Ma Er is a descendant of the Jin family and lives in Dongcheng (now Yehe Township, Lishu, Jilin). If there is a Manchu surname, Manchu is Bolchi Hara. After many crowns, the Han surnames are Jin, Bian, Ji and Li.
Once. Mongolian Borot originated from Genghis Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty? Gold family? Ma Er is only a descendant of Jin and lives in Chahar. If there is Manchu as the surname, Manchu is Bolot Hala. After many crowns, Han surnames include Jin and Bao.
Existence. Mongolian Borzijit Banner, also known as Baierjiji, originated from Genghis Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty. Gold family? Ma Er is a descendant of the Jin family and lives in Abaga (now Abaga Town, Xilin Gol, Inner Mongolia). If there is Manchu as the surname, Manchu is Boljijin Hara. The surnames of the Han nationality in Houduoguan are Jin, Bao, Lu, Wang and Liang.
Tax. Mongolian Borzite originated from Genghis Khan, the first ancestor of Yuan Dynasty. Gold family? Bohr is only a descendant of Kim. If there is a Manchu surname, Manchu is bolkiah Hara. Han's surname is Kim.
⑽. Mongolian Borzijit, also known as Borzijit and Baojieluo, originated from Genghis Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty? Gold family? Descendants of Kim, Turkic? People with blue eyes? . He has lived in Horqin (now Tongliao area in Inner Mongolia and western Jilin), Xilamuleng (now Xilamulun River Basin in Hexigten Banner in eastern Inner Mongolia), Wolfwood (now Xing 'an League in Inner Mongolia), Zhalute Banner (now Zhalute Banner in Inner Mongolia), Krulun (now Krulun River Basin in Hulunbeier, Inner Mongolia), Chahar, Hulunbeier (now Hulunbeier, Inner Mongolia) and Hexigten (now Hexigten, Inner Mongolia). If there is a surname in Manchu, Manchu is Borjijithala. The Han surnames in Houduoguan are Jin, Bao, Bao, Bo, Li, Lu, Wang, Liang, Yin, Kou, Qi and Bo.
⑾. Mongolian git, also known as Taiji, Tangji and Hanyi? Prince? Genghis Khan, who originated in Yuan Taizu? Gold family? Kyle Polo is a descendant of the Jin family and lives in Zakuta. If there is Manchu as the surname, Manchu is Tejihara. After many coronations, the Han surnames are Jin, Yun, E, Zhao and Ao.
Origin twelve
Originated from changing surname, belonging to changing surname. In the Yuan Dynasty, there was Fu Xiang, originally Liu's, and later changed to Jin's, and all descendants were Jin's, which was passed down from generation to generation.
Jin Shengtan, a famous literary critic in the early Qing Dynasty, whose real name is Zhang Cai, is as good as his words; After the demise of the Ming Dynasty, he changed his name to Zhang. Later, I changed my surname to Jin in order to make my pen name famous in Hengwen storytelling. Therefore, among the descendants of Jin Shengtan, some people simply took the pen name of their ancestors as their surnames and passed them down from generation to generation.
Origin thirteen
Originated from Jingpo nationality, it came from Jingpo ministries in the Ming Dynasty, which belonged to sinicization and changed its surname to surname. During the Ming Dynasty, Jingpo people in southwest China had compound surnames such as Jin Pi and Heng Qiang. In the early years of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, banned Hu's surname, so he took Han's surname as Jin's surname.
Origin 14
Originated from the Daur nationality, from the Daur nationality departments in the Ming Dynasty, it is a Chinese name change. According to Records of the History of Qing Dynasty? Team strategy? Manchu eight banners surname "records:
⑴. The Daur nationality in Jingqi, one of the Daur surnames, lives in Jingqi Liula (now the Jaya River valley in Russia), Gahalibi Hanerli village (now Chaoyangchuan in Yanji, Jilin), Heilongjiang coastal areas and other places. If there is Manchu as the surname, Manchu is Gingciri Hala. After many coronations, the surname of China people is Jin.
(2) The Suoqu family and the Deligen family of Daur nationality took the Han surname as the Jin surname after the middle of Qing Dynasty.
Origin fifteen
Originated from Manchu language, from Manchu clan in Qing Dynasty, it belongs to sinicization and changed its surname.
According to Records of the History of Qing Dynasty? Team strategy? Manchu eight banners surname "records:
(1). Zutong in Qingxing? Fuman and Jing Qing Zutong? Jue Chang 'an, a descendant of Manchu royal family in Qing Dynasty, and a person who loves Xinjue Roche, all took the meaning of the Han surname Jin and passed it down from generation to generation.
2. Manchu Chukule's family, also known as Cherekule's family, Chukule's family and Qikeli's family, is Chukulehara in Manchu, lives in Chukule (now Chukule Village, north of Heihe River in Heilongjiang Province) and takes the land as his surname. Later, the more crowned Han surnames were Jinshi and Chu Shi.
(3) Jin Jiashi of Manchu, whose Manchu language is Jin Jiyahala, was originally from Han nationality. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, she was taken by the Wuhuan Department of Xianbei in Liaodong, and then gradually evolved into a Liaodong jurchen living in Neiyin (now the upper reaches of Fusong Songhua River in Jilin) and Valka (now Changbai Mountain in the south, Tumen River in the north, Uzara in the lower reaches of Heilongjiang in the north, and Russian coastal areas in the east), and later became a multi-crowned Chinese surname.
(4) Manchu Jingji, whose Manchu language is Jinjila, lives in Wula (Wula, now Yongji, Jilin). After many coronations, the Han surname was Jin and Jing.
5]. Manchu Jinggeli, also known as Li Jinger, and Manchu Jinggelihara, is that Chinese? Clean? , who lived in Wula (Wula, now Yongji, Jilin). After many coronations, the Han surnames are Jin, Jing, Jing.
[6]. Manchu Salzi Manchu surname Sojihara, surname Di, who lives in Wula (Wula, now Yongji, Jilin). Later, many Han surnames were Jin, Suo and Guan.
(7) The surname of Silxin of Manchu, also known as Xie, is one of the oldest surnames of Manchu, taking Shi as the surname and living in Tuoala (now Xinbin, Liaoning Province). Later Han surnames were Jinshi and Xie.
Existence. Today, the ancestors of Manchu Jinshi in Dagushan Town, Donggou, Dandong, Liaoning Province are children? Mongolia once supervised Nanguan in the late Jin Dynasty and was deeply influenced by the Great Khan in the Jin Dynasty. Nurhachi is highly valued. Later, he was stunned because he privately accepted his daughter's right to be a wife? Nurhachi was convicted and beheaded. He was saved by your ministers, but he was banished to Liaodong. His descendant, Eisingiro? Tashi later crossed the ocean and lived in seclusion at the foot of Dagu Mountain in Dandong, Liaoning Province. His descendants are scattered in Jindaling and Sandaowa in Donggou. Aisin Jiro, the ancestor of Manchu Jinshi? Tashi's descendants are all Jin clan.
Migration and communication
The Jin family is a typical multi-ethnic and multi-source surname group. The old hundred surnames rank 29th and 69th in today's surname list, belonging to the surname series, with a population of about 4.676 million, accounting for 0.29% of the total population of China. There are many surnames in the Jin family, mainly from Shandong and Shaanxi, but also from Zhejiang and Jiangsu.
There is little information about Jin's activities in the pre-Qin period. After the Qin and Han Dynasties, the activities of the Jin surname rapidly expanded to the northwest, northeast, central plains and Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Fujian regions, and Henan has always been the activity center of the Jin surname. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, due to the shift of population center of gravity in China to the south, the center of gravity of the Kim family shifted to the southeast, and finally formed the distribution pattern with Henan, Jiangsu and Zhejiang as the main gathering places today.
In the Song Dynasty, there were about1.3000 Jin surnames, accounting for 0. 1.7% of the national population, ranking 95th in the Song Dynasty. The largest province of Jin surname is Anhui, accounting for about 22% of the total population of Jin surname in China and 0.6% of the total population of Anhui. The distribution of Jin surname in China is mainly concentrated in Anhui, Hunan, Henan, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and other provinces, accounting for 90% of the population of Jin surname in China. The whole country has formed a gathering place of Anhui, Hunan, Henan, Zhejiang and Jiangxi Jin surnames with southern Anhui as the center.
During the Ming Dynasty, there were about 440,000 Jin surnames, accounting for 0.47% of the national population. It was the 5th1most popular surname in the Ming Dynasty. During the 600 years of Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the net population growth rate was 20%, and the population of Jin surname grew much faster than that of the whole country. The distribution of Jin surnames in China is mainly concentrated in Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces, accounting for 67% of the total population of Jin surnames, followed by Anhui and Jiangxi provinces, where Jin surnames are concentrated 14%. Zhejiang is the largest province of Jin surname, accounting for about 47% of the total population of Jin surname. During the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the overall distribution pattern of Jin surname changed greatly, and the population mainly migrated to the southeast. China is still located in the south of the Yangtze River, but the population center of Jin moved eastward.
Population distribution of Jin surname
The population of the contemporary Kim family is nearly 3.8 million, ranking 69th in China, accounting for about 0.3 1% of the national population. In the 600 years since the Ming Dynasty, the population of the Kim family has increased from 440,000 to 3.8 million, an increase of more than eight times, and the growth rate of the Kim family population is lower than the national average growth rate. From the Song Dynasty to the present, the population growth rate of the Jin family in the period of 1000 showed a shape. At present, the distribution in China is mainly concentrated in Zhejiang and Henan provinces, accounting for about 365,438+0% of the total population of the Jin family, followed by Shandong, Liaoning, Anhui, Jiangsu, Hubei and Shanghai. The Kim family in these six provinces and cities accounts for about 33% of the total population of the Kim family. Zhejiang is the largest province of contemporary Jin surname, accounting for about 20% of the total population of Jin surname. The whole country has formed three major Jin surname gathering areas: southeast Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai, Central Plains, Henan, Hubei and Northeast China. In the past 600 years, the degree and direction of the population movement of the Kim family are somewhat different from those in the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties. The main flow direction is a strong migration to the west and north.
The schematic diagram of the distribution frequency of Jin surname in the crowd shows that Jin surname belongs to the Yangtze River basin and Northeast China. In Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Anhui, northwestern Jiangxi, Fujian, most of Hubei, southern Henan, most of Guizhou, eastern Yunnan, western Guangxi, Ningxia, central Gansu, Heilongjiang, most of Liaoning and northeastern Inner Mongolia, the proportion of local population is generally above 0.33%, and the central region can reach 1.4%. The above-mentioned areas account for about 22.9% of the total land area and live in them. In central Henan, southern and eastern Shandong, southwestern Shaanxi, most of Gansu, eastern Qinghai, Sichuan and Chongqing, southwestern Hubei, most of Hunan, northeastern Guizhou, most of Yunnan, central Guangxi, southwestern Jiangxi, northern Taiwan Province Province, northeastern Hebei, southwestern Liaoning and eastern Inner Mongolia, the proportion of the local population is generally between 0.22% and 0.33%, and the coverage area accounts for about 26.3% of the total land area.
During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, some Jin people moved to Gansu. For example, Jin Zuo, governor of the Northern Qi Dynasty, was from Anding (now north of Jingchuan County, Gansu Province). During the Zhenguan period of the Tang Dynasty, one of the three surnames of Shu County in Yizhou (Chengdu, Sichuan) was Jin, and one of the four surnames of Hexi County in Fenzhou (now Linfen, Shanxi) was Jin. During the Song and Ming Dynasties, the Southern Jin family developed not only in Zhejiang and Jiangsu, but also in Jiangxi, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, Fujian and Guangdong provinces. Northern provinces such as Henan, Hebei and Liaoning. There is also a settlement of the Kim family. During the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, people from Fujian and Guangdong moved to Taiwan Province province one after another, and later some moved overseas and lived in Singapore and other countries.
Kim's early celebrities have been mentioned above. There were Jin, Silla people and officials in the Tang Dynasty. In Song Dynasty, Jin Wengong and Xiuning were born in Anhui Province, and he was a bachelor of Guan Longtu Pavilion. Jin Yan, a native of Shaoyang (now Hunan), was awarded the title of filial piety, ranking first in the world. What's the county name? Yimen Jinshi? . There were scholars Jin Luxiang and calligrapher Jin in the Yuan Dynasty. Scholar Jin Wen and Ming Dynasty essayist Jin Luan. Jin Shengtan, a famous literary critic in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, collated Outlaws of the Marsh and The West Chamber. In the Qing Dynasty, there was a painter Jin Nong, whose official script was simple and his regular script was unique. His paintings are novel. Why? Eight eccentrics in Yangzhou? One; There is also a university student in Zhonghe Temple and an official, Jia Taifu Jin Zhijun, a painter Jin Kan, a scholar Jin Bang, a poet Jin He and a historian Jin Menzhao. There are many people named Jin, and there are many generations.
The counties named Jin are Pengcheng and Jingzhao. Among China surnames in population order, Jin ranks 69th.