Its main variety is Damaya, which is characterized by its higher proportion in this area than other participating areas. The lower layer of local soil is loess, which has strong viscosity and poor water permeability, but the upper layer is thick in humus and high in organic matter, and has strong water and fertilizer conservation ability. Coupled with abundant rainfall and cool climate, ginseng roots do not touch the site. Therefore, although ginseng roots grow fast and yield is high, they are short and thick, which does not meet the requirements of ginseng with legs and good looks. Most of the lateral roots need to be removed when planting panax japonicus. After removing the lateral roots, the wounds in Fusong area are not easy to heal and the roots are easy to rot. Therefore, when transplanting Panax japonicus in this area, the lateral roots are not removed and the shape is not changed.

(2) Stichopus japonicus

Ermaya, a farm variety, mainly includes other varieties whose body length reaches the standard (more than 8 cm). When transplanting, ginseng seedlings need to be shaped with lateral roots, and each plant only leaves 2 ~ 3 thick lateral roots at the lower end of the main body, which will grow into a long body with two legs and beautiful as a human figure.

The origin of the border ginseng is represented by Xinkaihe River Basin in Ji 'an City, Jilin Province, so the border ginseng in Ji 'an is also called "Xinkaihe Red Ginseng". The local soil is weathered by granite, with medium organic matter content and good water permeability. Wounds planted in soil are easy to heal and not rot after removing lateral roots for plastic surgery. In order to cultivate the lateral branches of big branches, it is necessary to transplant them once every two or three years, and to remove the lateral roots and shape them. The product price of marginal ginseng is almost twice that of ordinary ginseng.

(3) Shizhushan

Also known as Chongshan Ginseng, represented by Shizhu Township, Kuanxian County, Liaoning Province, the local slope is steep, the soil is sandy, permeable and breathable, and the soil organic matter content is low, which is suitable for the growth of long-necked ginseng. Although it grows slowly and takes a long time, it can replace wild ginseng with high output value, so it forms Shizhu ginseng producing area. Through the investigation of 198 1 three ginseng producing areas, the author thinks that the main factors that form the above three kinds of commercial ginseng and their producing areas are different ecological environment, cultivation techniques adapted to the ecological environment and long-term selection and cultivation according to the requirements of commodity specifications. Because in the past, ginseng was raised first and then transplanted every three years. Because of the different harvest years and transplanting time in different commercial areas, the chances of choosing the shape and size of roots are different when transplanting. Fusong common ginseng grows fast, harvested in 6 years and transplanted once every 3 years; In the past, Stichopus japonicus was usually harvested in 9 ~ 12 years, so it can be selected in three, six and nine years, and in 2 ~ 3 years; Crotalaria 15 ~ 19 years, and its roots can be selected when transplanted for six, nine and twelve years, with 3 ~ 4 selection opportunities.

Due to commodity requirements and natural environment restrictions, the selection and elimination in different regions are different. Only Malaya and Ermaya with fast growth and high yield were selected in Fusong common ginseng area, and the long neck type was eliminated. In order to pursue high output value, Ermayina teeth with long roots are mainly selected in Ji 'an Bianshen area, and some big teeth with long roots that can be cultivated into Bianshen and a few big necks are also selected, while big teeth with short roots and long necks with too small roots are eliminated. In Shizhu ginseng area, slender rhizomes, short main roots, arm-like lateral roots of less than 4 cm are selected, and spirit bodies in various postures are used to replace ginseng, while Damaya and Ermaya types are eliminated. Due to the long-term effects of different producing areas and different selection criteria in different places, three major commodity varieties and three major producing areas of ginseng have been formed.

(4) Composition of agricultural varieties in each participating region.

There is not only a single farm variety in each participating area, but also the composition of farm varieties in each participating area is shown in table 1.

Table 1 Proportion of Ginseng Varieties in Different Regions (%)

From the table 1, it can be seen that the proportion of Ermaya is the highest in both common and marginal reference areas, whether it is three-year-old or six-year-old, indicating that Ermaya occupies an important position in both common and marginal reference areas.