Infant cleft lip and palate is a congenital disease. Cleft lip and palate can be divided into two categories, one is syndromic cleft lip and palate, and the other is non-syndromic moderate cleft lip and palate. Among the patients with cleft lip and palate, some syndrome cleft lip and palate are caused by congenital malformation, that is, genetic factors, that is, gene mutation. Another nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate is mainly caused by the interaction of genetic factors and environmental factors. Therefore, the causes of cleft lip and palate in infants are more complicated.
What is the cause of baby cleft lip and palate?
First, virus infection.
During pregnancy, pregnant mothers are also prone to cleft lip and palate. Many pregnant women are susceptible to rubella during pregnancy. Rubella infection is the most likely cause of fetal malformation and cleft lip and palate. In addition, if you are infected with the virus in the first trimester, it will easily affect the development of the fetus and even lead to fetal malformation.
Second, lack of nutrition.
Nutritional deficiency during pregnancy can also easily lead to fetal cleft lip and palate, especially the long-term lack of vitamin A, vitamin E and folic acid in pregnant women, which is also an important factor leading to cleft lip and palate. Therefore, we should pay attention to the nutritional balance during pregnancy to avoid fetal malformation caused by nutritional deficiency.
Third, drug factors.
Drug abuse during pregnancy is also an important cause of fetal malformation. Many drugs will enter the embryo through the placenta, and some drugs will directly affect the development of the embryo. If there is drug abuse in the first trimester, it will easily lead to fetal malformation. No matter what drugs are used indiscriminately during pregnancy, they should be used correctly under the guidance of a doctor to avoid the occurrence of fetal cleft lip and palate.
There are many reasons for baby cleft lip and palate. For example, during pregnancy, the physical and emotional tension of pregnant women will affect the development of the fetus. Therefore, during pregnancy, pregnant women must maintain a good attitude, pay attention to nutritional balance, and ensure that pregnant women and fetuses get adequate nutrition, which is more conducive to the healthy development of fetuses. During pregnancy, you must have regular prenatal examinations to keep abreast of the development of the fetus.
What is cleft lip and palate? What are the types of cleft lip and palate? What are the common causes of cleft lip and palate? Cleft lip and palate is one of the most common congenital deformities in oral and maxillofacial region, which is caused by the cracking of fetal lip or palate soft tissue and bone tissue during embryonic development. Anatomically, cleft lip is usually called rabbit lip, but it is actually a dislocated lip, which can be divided into unilateral, bilateral, complete and partial cleft lip.
Cleft lip and palate include: cleft lip: divided into unilateral cleft lip and bilateral cleft lip. Unilateral cleft lip involves one side, and bilateral cleft lip involves both sides. Severity is divided into: cleft lip involves red lip; Secondary cleft lip involves white lip; The third cleft lip involves the nasal floor; Cleft palate: Cleft palate involves soft palate; The second cleft palate involves the hard palate, before the front teeth; The third cleft palate involves the anterior incisor bone up to the alveolar bone.
Cleft lip and palate is a polygenic genetic disease. It is a hereditary disease accumulated by many pathological genes. Its incidence tends to family gathering, that is, the incidence of relatives of patients is higher than that of the population. The distance of kinship is also related to the onset. With the decrease of the level of relatives, the incidence of relatives of patients decreased significantly. The incidence of relatives is related to the number of patients in the family and the degree of illness. The more family cases, the more serious the lesions, and the higher the incidence of relatives. The more serious the illness, the higher the recurrence rate of relatives.
Some diseases suffered by women during pregnancy are the main causes of congenital cleft lip and palate. Especially pregnant women get sick during pregnancy, especially during the seventh week of embryo formation 12 weeks, suffering from rubella, cytomegalovirus infection, Toxoplasma gondii virus infection and viral influenza. So this period is the formation period of fetal jaw. At this time, the mother's disease may lead to fetal palatal development defects. Severe vomiting and partial eclipse during pregnancy will affect nutrient intake, lead to the lack of vitamins and trace elements, and then affect the development of the fetus.
The side effects of various drugs are an important factor leading to fetal malformation. Taking antiepileptic drugs, sedatives, anti-malignant tumor drugs, adrenocortical hormones and anticonvulsants during pregnancy can lead to congenital cleft lip and palate. Smoking, drinking or taking alcoholic beverages during pregnancy can also cause harmless harm to some fetuses. In the early pregnancy, close contact with pesticides, toxic substances, radiation and other chemicals can easily cause congenital cleft lip and palate.
Neonatal cleft lip and palate is called "the kiss of God". What is the cause of cleft lip and palate? Because during pregnancy, pregnant women received some radiation and also took some hormone drugs, which affected the fetus to have cleft lip and palate.
Neonatal cleft lip and palate is called "the kiss of God". Why is there cleft lip and palate? Hello, congenital cleft lip and palate. Children's rabbit lips are generally congenital defects. The factors leading to cleft lip have not yet been established, which are probably related to genetic factors and environmental factors. Drug allergy and physical injury can cause baby's rabbit lips. If women lack vitamin D in the early pregnancy, vitamins b22 and B6, and bad habits such as smoking and drinking during pregnancy can also lead to genetic variation and harelip in babies.
Pregnancy 12 weeks is a critical period for the software division of baby's internal organs. The time period of rabbit lips is about 3-8 weeks after pregnancy. Because the development time of baby's mouth and face is gradually in the third week of pregnancy, the nasopalatine process will occur at this time. After a period of growth and development, the mouth and face will gradually take shape. If there are rabbit lips, it will probably happen during this period. The baby's harelip is likely to be produced in the third month of pregnancy, but the actual time is related to the cause of the disease. Rabbit lip is our alias, and the alias is "congenital cleft lip or cleft lip and palate". Now everyone pays attention to prenatal and postnatal care, and no one expected that the baby born would have such congenital hypoplasia.
Therefore, every household is looking forward to checking according to the information of embryonic period to find out whether the baby has intrauterine growth abnormalities, such as rabbit lips, congenital valvular heart disease and common fingers (toes) in time. People usually find these problems in the fetal link through four-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound examination. There are various factors: generally, there are many genetic factors. Pregnant mothers eat improper food during pregnancy, often eat some spicy food, do not pay attention to rest, and stay up late for a long time; There is also unreasonable medication during pregnancy, which may also lead to congenital rabbit lips. At present, there are already surgical treatments.
Therefore, during pregnancy, mother Bao needs to pay more attention to her diet, try to be light and nutritious, and eat more fruits, vegetables and fruits. Go to the hospital for a pregnancy test on time. Pregnancy should be gradual, especially in the first three months, and more attention should be paid to congenital cleft lip and palate. Don't eat Chili, don't smoke, don't often stay up late! How can a born baby be healthy physically and mentally?
What is the cause of cleft lip and palate?
Conclusion: Cleft lip, commonly known as rabbit lip, notch and notch, is a common congenital malformation in oral and maxillofacial region. The incidence rate is about 1.82‰, and the number of patients in China exceeds1.7000, which is a multifactorial genetic disease.
Etiology:
The factors leading to cleft lip and palate are not fully understood, but may be related to the following factors:
① Genetic factors: Genetic studies have proved that this disease is polygenic, and 20-30% of patients have positive genetic factors. We often see similar deformities in patients' relatives.
② Environmental factors: vitamin deficiency during pregnancy, mother's infection with virus during pregnancy, exposure to X-rays, hormones or anti-tumor drugs, antihistamines, tobacco and alcohol stimulation, etc. It may cause a series of distortions such as gene mutation.
To sum up, there are various teratogenic factors, but they are not very clear, which can be simply considered as a polygenic genetic disease.
Symptoms:
Cleft lip is not good-looking, and it affects breast suction, pronunciation and alveolar bone development.
Treatment:
Cleft lip and palate seriously affects aesthetics, swallowing, pronunciation and psychology. Cleft lip is mainly treated by surgery. It is generally believed that the appropriate treatment time for cleft lip is 3-6 months. Neonatal surgery is risky and the repair effect is not very good. However, too late will bring bad psychological influence to children and parents. The main surgical methods of cleft lip are rotary propulsion, lower triangular flap and straight line method. Rotary propulsion is widely used in the world, and the application scope of straight line method is too narrow. In addition to functional cleft lip repair, it is now advocated to correct cleft lip nose deformity while repairing cleft lip. Due to various objective factors, it is often necessary to perform multiple cleft lip operations to achieve the best surgical results.
Special note: cleft lip and palate repair surgery belongs to the scope of tertiary surgery and needs to be performed under general anesthesia. According to Article 14 of the Administrative Measures for Grading Surgery in Medical Institutions (Trial) issued by the General Office of the Ministry of Health, when patients undergoing elective surgery need general anesthesia (including basic anesthesia) or blood transfusion, their operation level will be upgraded by one level accordingly. When the pre-anesthesia assessment (ASA) is above Grade III and requires general anesthesia support, the operation should be carried out in a tertiary hospital or a second-class first-class hospital approved by the provincial health administrative department, and some fourth-class operations should be carried out. Cleft lip and palate repair can be performed in the only tertiary surgical hospital in Shandong Province (Jinan Han Plastic Surgery Hospital), which provides security in medical equipment, medical environment, surgical instruments, medical resources and nursing care.
Prevention:
Pregnant women eat folic acid to reduce rabbit baby's lips.
Pregnant women eat more folic acid to reduce the congenital defects of baby rabbit lips.
Experts found that if women eat folic acid during pregnancy, it will reduce the birth defects of infants with cleft lip and palate.
The researchers say that if pregnant women have children born by family members, then additional supplements may help women.
Experts have long known that folic acid can reduce the risk of brain injury and spina bifida in infants.
Recent studies have also shown that folic acid can reduce the risk of Down syndrome and leukemia in infants.
At present, doctors advise pregnant women to take folic acid supplements in the first three months of pregnancy.
Broccoli is a dish containing a lot of folic acid.
Related to genes
The researchers said that their research showed that women's intake of extra folic acid in early pregnancy could help reduce the birth defects of infants with cleft lip and palate.
However, the researchers said that further research is needed to confirm this finding.
Cleft lip and cleft jaw are common congenital defects, which occur in at least one in every 1000 newborns in Britain.
This happens in the early pregnancy, and the maxilla of the fetal mouth fails to join normally.
Babies with cleft lip need multiple operations and speech therapy to remedy this congenital defect.
This disease is also closely related to genes. If a baby's brother or sister also has this congenital defect, then the baby is 30 to 40 times more likely to have this defect than other babies.