First, planting bergamot in the field:
Fingered citron cutting, grafting and high-pressure propagation can be used. The cutting time is from the end of June to the middle of July. Cut branches from healthy mother plants as cuttings, which can take root about 1 month, germinate in two months, and then can be planted. You can also use long branch cutting, take strong branches of 3 ~ 4 years and cut them into 50cm for cutting.
1. Cutting preparation: Before cutting, select 7-8 year-old robust mother trees, cut off robust old healthy branches without pests and diseases, and cut off leaves and top shoots, with the cutting length of 17-20 cm. The survival rate of cutting is above 90%, and the seedlings grow healthily. All young or long branches are not allowed. Because such branches are often not easy to bear fruit after planting.
2. Soil preparation-It is best to choose sandy soil with thick soil for seedling bed, so as to take seedlings in the future. After land selection, plow and harrow, and apply human and animal manure to make a high border with a width of1.3m. The border ditch is about 30cm wide and 20cm deep.
Planting season-February-March in spring and August-September in autumn can be used for cutting, and autumn cutting is the best. Cutting in autumn can take root in the same year and grow rapidly after germination in the next spring;
3. Cutting —— When cutting, cut a horizontal ditch on the border with a distance of 23 ~ 27cm；; The cuttings shall be inserted into the ditch at the spacing of 15 ~ 17 cm, and the cuttings shall not be inserted backwards. Usually we need about 12000 ~ 15000 cuttings per mu (our small vegetable garden is not big, and we can't grow all these plants, so naturally a few trees are enough). After insertion, cover the soil and compact it so that a bud at the tip is exposed to the soil surface, and water the soil.
4. Seedling management: water and irrigate at any time after transplanting; And build a shade shed to drain when it rains. When the seedling height is 7 ~ 10 cm, the weak seedlings are removed and only one strong seedling is left per plant. Weed in time, topdressing a small amount of human and animal manure or ammonium sulfate for 3-4 times, and transplanting after one year of cultivation.
Second, potted plants
Bergamot is a variety of citron, which belongs to citrus ornamental flowers. It is quite common for bergamot not to blossom or only to blossom but not to bear fruit, and to sit still and wait for death after the result.
1, promote the vegetative growth of seedlings and make them grow into plants as soon as possible. In the second and third years, when changing pots in spring, cake fertilizer, hoof pieces and bone meal were applied as base fertilizer, and at the same time, plastic pruning was carried out, and the stem was cut and left 15cm, and 3 ~ 5 axillary buds were left under it to promote germination, strengthen branches and expand crowns. When the new plant grows to 5 ~ 8 cm, the terminal buds and lateral buds are removed to cultivate a certain tree shape and promote it to enter the fruiting stage ahead of time.
2, bergamot likes acidic soil, and the PH value should be kept at 5.3; The proportion of basin soil is humus 60%, river sand 30%, peat soil or furnace ash slag 10%. Topdressing can be done every ten days and a half months 1 time. Roots are easy to rot when the water is big, so water the soil as much as possible. The surface of the basin soil is not watered, but watered once, all year round.
3. The most suitable humidity for bergamot is 70% ~ 90%. Therefore, in the dry season, water should be sprayed on the leaves 1 ~ 2 times a day, or on the ground to increase the air humidity. The suitable temperature of bergamot is 65438 05 ~ 30℃. In high temperature season, it should be moved to a cool, ventilated and shady place. When the temperature is lower than 5℃, attention should be paid to cold protection.
4, bergamot is not easy to bear fruit, and various methods should be used to promote its results. In bud stage, before and after flowering, organic fertilizer should be topdressing, and rare organic liquid fertilizer should be applied once a week. Then, the buds should be thinned. Deformed buds and diseased buds should be broken off, and too many buds should not be left. Only two or three buds grow best near the top of the branch, and not too many fruits are required.
5, bergamot is prone to yellow leaf disease and leaf shedding, yellow leaf disease can be watered with 1% ferrous sulfate solution. If the roots rot, immediately turn over the pot, take the plants out of the pot and wash the roots, remove the rotten roots, and plant them in sterilized plain sand for maintenance to gradually restore their vitality.