I. Daily management
Temperature, moisture and light are the three major elements of plant growth, and they are indispensable conditions for plant growth. Fruit tree bonsai should pay more attention to these aspects.
1, lighting
The bonsai plants of fruit trees are basically positive tree species, which require very high light, especially in the flower bud differentiation period. The longer the natural light time every day, the more flower buds differentiate. Therefore, bonsai of flowers and fruits should be maintained in places with long sunshine.
2. Temperature
Suitable temperature is an important condition for flower bud formation. Too high or too low temperature will have a certain impact on the formation of flower buds. It is found that the optimum temperature is about 25℃, which is beneficial to the formation of flower buds.
Step 3: Moisture
Water is an indispensable substance for plant growth, but in the flower bud differentiation period of fruit tree bonsai, appropriate water withholding is conducive to promoting the formation of flower buds. When the water is heavy, the branches of plants will grow in vain, only in the direction of growth, not in the direction of reproduction. The timing of water conservation should be well grasped and should be carried out at the early stage of flower bud differentiation. When operating, water the new flowers when they are slightly wilting. This operation can last about ten days, not too long, so as not to affect the normal growth of plants.
Bonsai conservation series-watering
4. Environment
Adequate sunshine and suitable temperature are not enough, but also a well-ventilated environment is needed. Outdoor maintenance of fruit tree bonsai is no problem, but if it is placed in a closed balcony or greenhouse, poor ventilation will inevitably lead to long white branches, thin and unhealthy plants, and it is even more impossible to have flower buds. Therefore, fruit tree bonsai must be placed in a well-ventilated environment.
Second, the control of drugs and fertilizers.
Scientific fertilizer and water supply and scientific pesticide application are important means of bonsai management of fruit trees. The flower bud differentiation stage and fruit expansion stage of fruit tree bonsai need sufficient nutrient supply, but when growing in limited potted soil, the nutrients are often insufficient, so timely and reasonable fertilization is needed.
1. About one month before the flower bud differentiation period of fruit tree bonsai, apply dilute liquid fertilizer every ten days. Spray 0. 10- 15 days with 0. 1%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, and spray for three times continuously.
2. Plant growth regulators are used to control the dwarfing of fruit bonsai to prevent overgrowth and concentrate nutrients to produce more flower buds. When the spring shoots grow to 5-6cm, spraying 500- 1000mg/L chlormequat chloride solution and spraying it again one month later can effectively control the growth of new shoots and promote their transformation to reproductive growth.
The application of plant growth regulators in bonsai production is a must-see.
It should also be sprayed once before the growth of autumn shoots to control the growth of autumn shoots, especially the flower buds of Malus, such as Begonia, Winter Red Fruit, Apple, Peach, Apricot and Plum, are all formed in the summer and autumn of the first year, and the elongation and growth of autumn shoots should be controlled.
Third, physical means control.
Flowers and fruits usually grow vigorously, so if they want to be transformed into reproduction, they need to take certain physical measures to control the tree potential. The methods of controlling tree potential usually include bending branches, peeling cores and pruning.
1. In the modeling of fruit bonsai, branches are usually bent. When the trees grow vigorously, the branches should be shaped accordingly, and the trees should be softened by twisting, tying and looping, so as to accumulate nutrients and promote their flowering.
2. Use pruning and coring to control the vitality of trees. When the spring shoots grow to 15-20cm, 2-3 full buds are reserved below, and the rest are all cut off to make them branch and sprout new buds. When they grow to a suitable length, they will keep 2-3 buds and cut them off again, so as to control the tree vigor and accumulate nutrients through pruning.
Pay attention to pruning after the middle and late July. Many fruit trees have entered the stage of flower bud differentiation, so it is not appropriate to prune vigorously at this time. Tree vigor can be controlled by coring and combining the management of fertilizers and water drugs. If handled properly, flower buds will be transformed in large quantities.
Four, flower and fruit period management
It is important to manage the period from flowering to fruit ripening, and the key point is to improve the fruit setting rate in the early stage and protect the fruit in the later stage.
1. Most fruit trees have low self-pollination ability, so pollination trees should be arranged in fruit bonsai. If the number of fruit bonsai is small, multiple varieties can be grafted on the same tree for pollination, or artificial pollination can be used to improve the fruit setting rate. No matter which method you use, you should take it seriously, not perfunctory, and you can't let it go.
2. Spraying 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+urea+borax mixture once after flowering and young fruit period to protect flowers and fruits; Spraying NAA solution of 20-30 mg/L once a month before fruit ripening can prolong the fruiting period.
3. In the young fruit period after the flower withers, the amount of fruit left should be determined according to the shape, growth and size of the bonsai, and the fruit should be thinned appropriately to remove the sick fruit and the redundant fruit that affects the shape. Reasonable fruit thinning can not only balance the tree vigor, but also improve the fruit quality.