First halal. He is different from the Sumen school of poetry belonging to the old party, and he is politically inclined to the new party with political reform. At the age of 28, he was greatly appreciated for offering "Bianjing Fu" to Song Shenzong and praising the new law. He was promoted from a student in imperial academy to imperial academy. After Zongshen's death, the old party came to power, and the kings of Sumen returned to the court one after another, while Zhou Bangyan was driven out of the capital and worked in Luzhou (now Hefei, Anhui), Jingzhou (now Hubei) and Lishui (now Jiangsu). When the New Party came to power to control the state affairs, Sumen Poetry School was relegated with far-reaching influence, Zhou Bangyan returned to the imperial court, and officials were promoted to Sheng Da House. Unwilling to cooperate with Cai Jing traitors, he was expelled from the imperial court in his later years and defected to landlords and gentry such as Shunchang (now Fuyang, Anhui) and Chuzhou (now Lishui, Zhejiang). In the third year of Xuanhe (1 12 1), Hui Zong died in Nanjing (now Shangqiu, Henan). Zhou Bangyan is regarded as a master of graceful and restrained school, and the founder of Jiang Kui and Wu Wenying Metric Ci School in Southern Song Dynasty. Zhou Bangyan's poetry collection includes three poems: Yang Zemin, Fang and Chen. Today, Pian Yu's Ci and Village series has 10 volumes. In addition, there are 2 volumes of halal anthology, with external text 1 volume and Siyinzhai lettering edition.
Zhou Bangyan loves music, and he can write his own Yuefu long and short sentences, which is famous all over the world. (History of the Song Dynasty, Volume 444, Biography of Wen Yuan)
The name of Zhou Bangyan's ci is Pian Yu Collection, which consists of Sixty Ci Poems of Song Dynasty at Jiguge and Excerpts of Ci Poems of Xi Ling. Also known as "Halal Collection", there is a book of "Siyinzhai lettering" and a book published by Zheng School. Chen Yuanlong also annotated the Collection of Pian Yu, the Song, Jin and Ming Dynasties related to the landscape of Wujin Dow, and gave Zhu An (Zhu Zumou) the Village Series.
Zhou Bangyan is a master of graceful words. He inherited, absorbed, refined and developed his predecessors, and made contributions to the development of graceful words. "Graceful and restrained writers in the Northern Song Dynasty, published at the latest in the week, learned to be philosophers and wise men, and made extraordinary achievements" (Preface to Tang Guizhang Dictionary of Appreciation of Tang and Song Ci). Zhou Bangyan initiated the metrical style of graceful and restrained words, which reached the artistic peak.
Although Zhou Bangyan had an early period of running around,
However, his official career has been on the rise, and he gradually became a magistrate until he became a "music official" of Shengda House established by Song Huizong, and he was favored by others and lived a comfortable "professional creation" life. Although he was born at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the tragic change of national collapse happened behind him. Zhou Bangyan's actions conform to the law of the development of literature and art, from emphasizing content to emphasizing form. As a graceful ci poet, the content of his ci has been renovated to the extreme by Su Shi, and it is bound to be a surprise in form. He is a master of music and has been engaged in "professional creation", so he can scrutinize, study and refine the words, do a lot of accurate sorting work in the revision of intonation, expand the field of music, and have many new innovations in lyrics skills. He was able to compose his own music and created new epigrams such as Six Ugliness. In a word, he inherited the achievements of Liu Yong, Qin Guan and others, created the school of metrical ci, and made contributions to the artistic form of ci.
Zhou Bangyan's ci is really superior in artistic skills. The past, present and future scenes are intertwined, with varied techniques but both before and after, compact and euphemistic structure.
The melancholy in Zhou Bangyan's poems gives the soul a subtle pleasure by writing beautiful melancholy. The sadness revealed in these works, through arrangement and combination, combined with elegant words, forms a flowing light sadness, which is never excessive, just like low-alcohol wine, which makes people slightly drunk, but not exciting. Although this kind of emotion is like rain, it is a wonderful skill, but it is an obstacle to raise his thoughts and feelings to a higher level. Therefore, it is inevitable that the world will only see its beautiful rules and regulations, and talk less about its ideological content-probably, his depression is just a means to establish its exquisite form!
Zhou Bangyan's famous phrase "The water is clear and round, and the wind and the lotus are lifted one by one" vividly illustrates his own style of ci-a meaning of "being clear and round" that cherishes lotus flowers. However, he lived in the late Northern Song Dynasty, and his national strength was weak. Superior fatuous, subordinate struggling, outsiders insurrection: Zhou Bangyan died a year ago, Fang La uprising; Six years after his death, Song Huizong was captured and the Northern Song Dynasty perished. It can be said that Zhou Bangyan, who has been a great official for a long time, is a witness to the decline of the country, while the poet who should be very sensitive is immersed in the leisure of Qingyuan in the last days.
The artistic contribution of Zhou Bangyan's Ci is nothing more than traditional themes such as love between men and women, hate of parting and sadness of life, which reflects a wide range of social life. His achievements mainly lie in eclecticism, learning from others' strengths and abandoning their disadvantages, and gradually leading the creation of ci to a rich and accurate road. His ci has both the beauty of literature and the elegance of Wei Zhuang, some touching, some deep, some subtle, and some elegant. As for Liu Yong's dense narration, even his lewdness and elegance, and Su Shi's magnanimity, we can have a glimpse. At the same time, he also tries to avoid some shortcomings of graceful words and bold words. Therefore, Zhou Bangyan's Ci won the admiration of later generations and had a wide influence.
It promotes the further standardization and accuracy of the melody mode of words.
The Northern Song Dynasty was represented by Su Shi.
While vigorously developing the field of expression of ci, the style of marking ci often becomes "the one that can't be tied up", showing the trend that ci is gradually separated from music as a written work. Zhou Bangyan, on the other hand, attached great importance to the coordination between words and music, and further standardized and refined the melody pattern of words. It should be said that both directions have their own achievements. When Zhou Bangyan was promoted in Da Sheng Fu, he collected and investigated more than 80 tone words popular in the previous generation and at that time with his own knowledge of melody and the experience of folk musicians, and determined that the four tones of each word in each tone could not be mixed, and he created Six Ugliness, Introduction to Trivia, Flower Offender and A Close-up of Gepulian. Of course, the meter of his words is very strict, such as the double trailer of "Around the Buddha Pavilion, the dark dust is gathered four times": the dark dust is gathered four times, and the building view is far away, reflecting the lonely hall. I'm tired of the short leak clearance and the long book signing curtain. Osmanthus fragrans is full of flowers and grass, preferring remoteness. Bloom is beautiful, overlooking the Yindu River in the city.
In the word "convergence", the word "convergence" runs through, the word "swing", "move" and "out" go up, so that each word has four tones, which makes it read harmoniously and tactfully, and there is no place where the pronunciation is not smooth and seems awkward. The word itself is full of musical beauty and can perfectly cooperate with music. So all the nobles, scribes, musicians and singers at that time loved to sing Zhou Bangyan's ci.
Secondly, Zhou Bangyan's ci is very particular about "composition", that is, the overall structure.
Since Liu Yong, the number of people with long tunes has increased. However, this kind of word is long and the layout is very painstaking. When many people write a long tune, they either fill some seaweed in the middle, or tighten it before loosening it, or perfunctory it for a good word or two. In this respect, Liu Yong's strength lies in his methodical narration, Su Shi's strength lies in his unrestrained mood, and Zhou Bangyan is more disciplined than them, and he can write a word with ease and twists and turns.
For example, the word "Warrior Lan Ling Liu" is full of twists and turns, and its rhyme and meter are extremely complicated. Zhou Bangyan, on the other hand, writes very carefully, so he is especially loved by musicians. According to Mao Kai's "Yinqiao Record", it was still "popular" until the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, and "the south of the West Building was full of songs, which was called" Three Stacks of the Acropolis ". Its content is only to write farewell to guests, express fatigue and farewell feelings, and the hierarchical arrangement is very clever. The first section evokes memories from the immediate scene, then turns back to itself, points out the theme of farewell, then turns back to the past of repeatedly folding willows to bid farewell to Fujian, and writes about the boredom of staying in Beijing between opening and closing changes; In the second season, I began to write, reminiscing about the old tour, and soon linked the farewell dinner scene last night with the word "you", lamenting that there was an old friend missing, and then wrote the scene of friends leaving and facing each other in the distance with imagination; The third section begins with two short sentences, which burst into sorrow in the fast pace, then slows down, depicting the scene that I still can't bear to leave after leaving the ship, then begins to recall the warm friendship, and finally ends with the reality of "tears streaming down my face". This kind of repetition and layer-by-layer rendering, just like China's classical garden art, is full of twists and turns, avoiding the problem of taking in everything in a glance. In Zhou Ci, such as "Rui Long Yin Zhang Tai Lu", "Six Ugly Roses" and many other long-tune words generally have such characteristics.
Furthermore, Zhou Bangyan's Ci attached great importance to the tempering of language, so as to be both natural and exquisite.
This is manifested in several aspects:
First, he is good at using allusions and predecessors' words and phrases, and can be integrated into the whole article, leaving no trace. Therefore, Zhang Yan said in etymology that he was "good at blending poetry" and "it is his specialty to take Tang poetry and blend it as his own". There are many such examples, even in Xihe Jinling Nostalgia, there are Liu Yuxi's Stone Town, Wuyi Lane and Stone Town Music written by ancient Yuefu, but they are also complete, and there is nothing that makes people feel abrupt and unnatural.
Second, while he is good at using elegant language, he is also good at using simple spoken language and folk slang, such as Wan Li Spring:
Colorful and starry weather. Because of his pity and all kinds of fragrance, it is hard not to get drunk. I love you as much as I love you, in my heart, in my heart. I will look at each other, but I will be old and happy.
The most rare thing is that Zhou Bangyan can turn elegance into vulgarity and vulgarity into elegance, so that the two can be integrated in one sentence, so as not to stand out from the crowd and be an eyesore.
Third, his observation of things is very delicate, and his choice of images is very particular, so his language is very expressive, such as "Su Liao Chen Xiang":
Burn agarwood to relieve summer heat. Birds call clear, intrude into the eaves. The leaves of Chuyang withered all night, the water was clear and round, and the wind and lotus rose one by one.
The last three sentences have always been highly praised by people, because they vividly describe the dynamic and graceful posture of lotus leaves standing upright in the wind on the water surface in the early morning of Chu Qing after the rain. "A Lotus Breeze" is a simple sentence to read, but every word has been carefully scrutinized. Another example is "Peach Creek in the Jade Tower is Not Calm", "There are countless green flowers in the smoke, and the geese are dying at the back of the sun", which can be described as extremely exquisite in color rendering and spatial arrangement.
In a word, although Zhou Bangyan's ci did not provide more new things in subject matter and emotional connotation, it was another master of ci in the Northern Song Dynasty in terms of artistic forms and techniques, which provided many experiences for later generations. Therefore, after the Southern Song Dynasty, Jiang Kui, Zhang Yan, Zhou Mi, Wu Wenying and others all spoke highly of Zhou Bangyan, and some even called him "the only one who has a happy life in two hundred years" (Chen Yu's argot). Until the Qing Dynasty, Changzhou Ci School still regarded him as the "master" of Ci, and thought that the highest realm of learning Ci was to achieve his "muddy" (Preface to Zhouji Ci). Even Wang Guowei, a modern scholar, compared Zhou Bangyan to "Lao Du in Ci" (the last work of Mr. Halal). It can be seen that Zhou Bangyan has made outstanding contributions and far-reaching influence on the artistic form and language skills of Ci.
Anecdotal allusion to Zhou Bangyan
He was a famous handsome poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, and was in close contact with Li Shishi, the brothel manager at that time. On one occasion, Song Huizong was slightly ill, and Li Shishi thought that he would not come, so he quietly made an appointment with Zhou Bangyan. Shortly after Zhou Bangyan arrived, Song Huizong also came. The feeling be nasty under, Zhou Bangyan hurriedly got under the bed and hid.
Song Huizong specially brought fresh oranges from Jiangnan to Li Shishi, and Li Shishi peeled them and shared them with others. At midnight, Song Huizong was going back to the palace, and Li Shishi also told him, "It's already midnight, and the horse is slippery and frosty, so you should be careful." All this was seen and heard by Zhou Bangyan who was hiding under the bed.
After Song Huizong left, Zhou Bangyan appeared, and on impulse, he wrote what he heard as "a journey of youth, weaving like water":
Knife is like water, the house is better than snow, and the fingers break the new orange. At the beginning of the brocade, the smoke of animals is constant and the sound is relatively adjusted. Ask in a low voice: Who are you with? It is already midnight in the city. The horse is slippery and frozen, so it's better to have a rest and walk less.
this word
Compared with his mood of courting Li Shishi to the dew, his heart ached, and he wished he could not "win" Hui Zong when the heavy snow pressed the city gate. Looking at Li Shishi's slender fingers peeling off the orange peel, he was speechless to face the cruelty of reality. He just asked for a temporary "initial temperature" under the teacher's "brocade" and was deeply touched, so he sat down opposite and listened to the teacher playing the piano and strings. Quietly ask: where do you live at night? Quoting Li Shishi's words to Hui Zong, "It's midnight in the city, and the horse is slippery in first frost", it also means that Li Shishi's original intention is to send Hui Zong back, so it's an excellent opportunity to meet after "taking a break" in Hui Zong. Praise the teacher's wit. Li Shishi loves it and takes it. At daybreak, Zhou Bangyan went home alone. There is also a saying that the translation in "Youth Swims Like Water" is: The road is slippery in first frost, few people walk, don't walk. This is to keep Hui Zong "closed". ) Who knows that Song Huizong, after making love and Li Shishi once sang the word "Youth Travel" in front of Hui Zong. Hearing this, Song Huizong knew what happened at Li Shishi's house that day. He asked Li Shishi who wrote the lyrics. Li Shishi can't hide, Zhou Bangyan.
So, the next day, Song Huizong ordered Zhou Bangyan to be expelled from Beijing.
When Song Huizong went to Li Shishi's house again, Li Shishi was not there. After a while, Li Shishi came back, but his eyes were red and he was obviously crying. Song Huizong asked where she went, and Li Shishi said she gave it away. Song Huizong immediately asked her if she had sent Zhou Bangyan. Li Shishi nodded. Song Huizong asked, "Did he write anything?" Li Shishi said that he wrote a song "Warrior Lanling Willow". Song Huizong let her sing, Li Shishi sings:
Liu Yin is straight and smoky. On the Sui Dyke, I have seen it several times, and the water fluttered and the cotton was sent away. Visit the old country. Who knows, jinghua is tired? Go to Changting Road every year, and cross thousands of feet flexibly. Wandering around looking for ancient traces. The wine left the table when the funeral music and lights shone. Pear blossom and elm fire urge cold food. Worry about an arrow, the wind is fast, and half a wave is warm. I can count posts as soon as I turn around, hoping that people are at the ends of the earth. The accumulation of sadness and hatred. Gradually leaving pu haunts, Tianjin is silent. Sunset, Ran Ran, endless spring. Read the moon and join hands, and smell the flute on the bridge. Meditation on the past is like a dream with dark tears.
Hearing this, Song Huizong felt that Zhou Bangyan was a real talent, so he pardoned him and asked him to do the propaganda work of Shengdafu, which specializes in music and dance.
Representative work "Warrior Lanling" Liu
Su mu zhe Liao Chen Xiang
Xihe Jinling nostalgia
Qin Lou washs toads in a water bath.
Du Jiang yun Qing LAN di Chu Dian
Six ugly roses are made after withering.
Ruilongyinzhangtai road
Man and Feng Eagle Chicken
Hua gong fen Qiang di
Youth travel, parallel knives are like water.
Feng Liu Angel Xiao Lv Tang Chi
Dachunyu
Taicheng Road, Qi Tianle, with withered trees.
Dark willow crying in the cold window
Die Hua Lian Zao Hang
Jie Yu Hua Shang yuan
Jie Lianhuan, resentment without faith.
Children's tour, morning clouds, desert, light silk
Night flying bird parting
Bianzhou 1No. Boluo Hanting
Wei chi Bei Li hen
Order crimson lips and lapels on the stage
Romantic son, the maple leaves wither late.
Close-up of Gepulian Zhongshan Pugu Shooting Hall in summer vacation
Yingtianchang tiao bu feng nuan
Yulouchun Taoxi is not living peacefully.
Recall the past and mourn.
Worship the stars and the moon is slow, and the night urges more.
It is clear to close the river when it is cloudy in autumn.
Around the Buddha pavilion, dark dust gathered.
Rui he xian Qiao jiao Dai Yuan Guo
The waves are slow and the clouds are heavy.
Huanxisha, the rain is too red and wet to fly.
Night tour of the palace the sunset shines under the leaves.
Candle shadow shakes red, and the face is redder.
Moshan Xi Hu Ping Chunshui
Evaluation of Chen's characters: Zhou Bangyan's Ci collection is unprecedented, and there is no one after it. Every family in the Song Dynasty had a halal episode, and they were good at everything. The world has long been conclusive. (Song Ci Ju)
Chen Tingzhuo: There are many beautiful words. Before the last years of Su Qin, after the beginning of history, it had to be promoted to a giant. ("Bai Yu Zhai Hua Ci")
Chen: Muslim words are mostly found in Tang poetry, which are included in the law and nature; Long tune is particularly good at narrative, rich and delicate, and the poet is also a good hand. ("Zhizhai Shu Lu Solving Problems" Volume 20)
Chen Yu: Meicheng is a Muslim from its name. For 200 years, it is unique among Yuefu. Noble people, bachelors, townspeople and * * * all know that beautiful words are lovely. ("hide a word")
Liu Su:
Zhou Meicheng, with his ability to seek far and wide, sends long and short sentences of affection, which is meticulous and beautiful and admirable. His words are quoted from the classics, boasting about modern people, or borrowing words to take meaning. All the words and expressions have their origins, which is really enough to make articles, celebrate songs and banquets, and know how to worship love. Zhang Yan: Classical music, Yuefu, Yuege and music are all based on elegance. Since the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Guangdong's poems have mostly been idle with long and short sentences, but in the Tang Dynasty, there was a collection of respecting modesty and flowers. Today, Sheng Da House was established in Chongning, and Zhou Meicheng was ordered to discuss ancient sounds and archaeological notes. After the fall, there were not many survivors, so the voice of the eighty-four tone was slightly circulated. The people of Meicheng once again performed slow songs, intros, close encounters, or changing the palace to change their feathers. It was a song that violated three times and four times, and it was performed according to the monthly law, with complicated fun. Beauty has become a negative pronoun name, and its words are rich and elegant, and it is good at blending poetry, but it is not harmonious with the sound spectrum, which shows its difficulty. (Etymology, Volume II)
Shen Yi Fu: All the lyrics should be mainly halal. Gai Muslim is the closest friend, but he has no market awareness. All words are meaningful, and they often come from the poems of sages in Tang and Song Dynasties, rather than the blunt and literal meanings in classics and history. That's why it's the tallest. (Yuefu Fan Zhi)
Sun Peng: A beautiful poem is like a poem of thirteen women, with beautiful jade and bright pearls. Political failure can't be a soft grind and a hard bubble. ("Jinsu thorns")
Zhou Ji: Beauty has become a powerful force, unique throughout the ages, such as Yan Pingyuan's book. Although I didn't go to the Jin Dynasty, the methods in the early Tang Dynasty were so well prepared. After the author, you can't leave its scope. I read a lot of halal words, but I feel that other people's works are not very casual. The beauty of hooking up is nothing like halal. When others are hooked, they will be thin, and the more they are hooked, the more energetic they will be. ("Street Village Zhai Miscellaneous Words")
Gezai: Muslim words are the most authentic words among poets because of their vague meaning, full spirit and elegant syllables. (Selected Poems of Song Qizi)
Liu Xizai: Zhou Meicheng wrote a poem, or no beauty. Yu Wei's theory of words is not to talk about commodities first. Beautiful words are believed to be rich and accurate, but they can't be loyal words. Therefore, the scholar-officials refused to learn, and they did not know where they were all day long. Zhou Meicheng's law is the most thorough, Shi Bangqing's syntax is the most vigilant, but those who are not praised as gentlemen, Zhou Zhidang and Shi Yi are greedy. (Art Outline, Volume 4)
Feng Xu: Chen Zilong said:
"Thought is deep, it will be shallow, so that readers suddenly encounter it, just like before the eyes and ears, it is meaningful to recite for a long time, and the intention is difficult to understand. It is difficult to cast words for the benefit of words, but we must be refined, so that every sentence is not tired, every word is round and clear, and every word is like a pearl. Its body is also delicate, pearls are jade, and it is too heavy, not to mention Long Luan. It must have a beautiful appearance, and it is difficult to fix the color without using powder. Its environment is also charming. Although it is amazing to show off its beauty, it is really expensive and subtle. Sometimes it's hard to live when singing and sighing in a low voice. " Sun said: "The structure is natural, but there are gorgeous words, meaningful words, strange words, bold words, bitter words, stupid words, insignificant words, such as skillful craftsmen carrying gold, without trace." Mao said: "The beauty of the prosperity of Ci in the Northern Song Dynasty lies not in its boldness, but in its high health, not in its elegance, but in its bitterness. Hao Kuai can be angry, Ye Yan can talk about merit, and Gao Jian can swallow merit. This is related to heaven and justice, and it is difficult to be strong. " Again, he said, "If you speak deeply, you will be confused." As many scholars have said, they are never exclusive to one person, but Pian Yu and Meixi are ready for this. The history of Zhou Zhisheng is another word muddy, which cannot be recovered. Wang Guowei: It's beautiful and far away, not as good as parsley. He only talks about emotions and things, so he is a first-class author. However, there are only many creative talents and few creative talents. The words "elegant" and "positive" are invisible. Forever uncle, travel less, although rhetoric, eventually have character, there is a difference between a beautiful woman, a lady and a geisha at a party. (On the volume of "Words on Earth")
Wang Guowei: Compared with Tang poetry, the lyrics of Song Dynasty are too white, the lyrics of Europe and Qin Dynasty are like kneading, the lyrics of Qi and Qing Dynasty are like music, and Fang Hui is the principle of ten scholars. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the only Jia Xuan is comparable to Changli, and Lao Du is indispensable in the lyrics ... To read Mr.' s lyrics, we should taste its melody in addition to the lyrics. Although his voice is dead today, people who read his words still feel angry, self-forgiving and gentle, male voices promote festivals, countless meetings and mutual announcements, clear and turbid, and pulley communication. Between Song Dynasty, there was only one person. (Mr. Muslim's Legacy)