Loquat fruit is the fruit of loquat tree. It tastes sweet and looks like apricots. Loquat fruit is soft and juicy, sweet and sour. With the development and application of biotechnology, loquat tastes sweet and the meat is delicate. March and April are the season of abundance every year. Loquat fruit is rich in various nutrients needed by human body, and it is a nutritious health fruit. The main functions of loquat are: treating cough and asthma caused by lung heat, vomiting and polydipsia. Main effects: moistening lung and reducing qi; Quench thirst. Fruit: clearing lung, promoting fluid production and quenching thirst; Nuclear, expectorant and antitussive, regulating stomach and descending adverse; Can be used for treating cough due to lung heat, persistent cough, dry throat and thirst, and stomach qi deficiency.
cultivation techniques
Loquat is the earliest ripe fruit variety in a year. High-quality loquat has large fruit, few stones, orange peel, soft and juicy pulp, moderate sweet and sour taste, unique flavor and rich nutrition, and has the effects of clearing away heat, moistening lung, relieving cough and invigorating stomach. High-quality loquat has quietly entered the high-grade fruit market, not only selling high, but also selling well. Planting loquat has a broad market prospect. In order to obtain high quality and high yield, we should pay attention to the following points:
1, Reasonable close planting: Choose red, yellow and loam soil with deep soil layer, good drainage and rich humus for planting, with a spacing of 4 × 5m and 30-40 plants per mu.
2. Deep digging and planting holes: the width is about 1m and the depth is 0.8m, or the bottom layer is opened after blasting.
3. Re-applying base fertilizer: each hole is filled with 0.5-0.75 kg of lime, 65,438+0-65,438+0.5 kg of calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizer. 1 kg of compound fertilizer and 20-30 kg of decomposed manure are divided into three layers according to the thickness, and filled into the mound with the best ground area of 35-40 cm.
4. Scientific topdressing: the seedling raising period of loquat seedlings is within 3 years after planting, and the crown is expanded by vegetative growth. Fertilization should be "light fertilizer and diligent application, promoting front control and rear control". Before and after sprouting in spring, summer and autumn shoots, shoot-promoting fertilizer and shoot-strengthening fertilizer should be applied once a year. Apply 5- 10 kg of water and fertilizer to each plant, and add 50- 100 g of urea for mixed application. Fertilization for adult fruit trees: generally, fertilization is divided into 3-4 times, from June 5438+0-February, after the flowers wither to the young fruit stage, mainly available potassium and phosphorus; In May and June, fruit fertilizer was applied again, with 30-40 kg water fertilizer per plant, cake (withered) fertilizer 1-2 kg and calcium superphosphate 1 kg mixed application to restore tree vigor and promote the emergence of summer shoots. Apply pre-flowering fertilizer and fruit fertilizer at the right time.
5. Shaping and pruning: After planting loquat, cut off the top of the trunk about 50 cm from the ground to dry. When sprouting in spring, select 1 strong bud and 4-5 lateral buds in different directions, and extract and cultivate them into a central trunk and several main branches. By pulling, supporting and hanging, the angle of the main branch is opened to make it grow obliquely (or horizontally). According to this method, the second and third branches are cultivated, the central trunk above the third branch is happy, and the crown height is controlled at about 3 meters. The fruiting loquat orchard can be pruned in May-June after fruit picking in summer or before germination in spring. It is mainly to delete over-dense branches, dead branches, pests and diseases branches and long branches, so as to facilitate ventilation and light transmission and concentrate nutrients.