Punctuation marks include dots and labels. There are seven kinds of dots, nine kinds of labels and sixteen kinds of * * *.
The function of the dot is to break, which mainly indicates the pause of the sentence and the tone of the structural relationship. According to the different positions used, points can be divided into two types: the end point of a sentence and the middle point of a sentence.
Points at the end of the sentence: period, question mark, exclamation point; Points in a sentence: comma, pause, semicolon and colon. Tags mainly indicate the nature and function of words or sentences.
Labels include: quotation marks, brackets, dashes, ellipsis, bullets, spaces, book titles, etc. (a) the use of pause, comma, semicolon 1, pause is the smallest pause in a sentence, often used between juxtaposed words or phrases (pause is not allowed between clauses).
(1) There is a stream flowing quietly, giving its humor, aura and true feelings to the earth and people. (Hangzhou Senior High School Entrance Examination in 2006) (2) Literary works, whether poetry, prose, novel or opera, have their own logical structure and have the function of cultivating thinking ability.
(Senior High School Entrance Examination in 2007) But there is no pause between coordinate predicates and complements, only commas are used. (1) This year, the water conservancy construction in our province has heavy tasks, difficult projects and large scale.
(2) You should make continuous progress, be educated and have production. (3) His story is true and touching.
(4) There is a stream flowing quietly, giving its humor, aura and true feelings to the earth and people. 2. There is no pause between coordinate words with modal particles, only commas are used.
For example, the mountains, water, trees and grass here are all familiar to me since I was a child. 3. The conjunctions "and, or, and, and" in the coordinate words have been used, and there is no need to pause.
For example, China has made great progress in science, culture, health, education and press and publication. (In general, the last two coordinate words use conjunctions instead of pauses. ) 4. Adjacent numbers represent approximate numbers without pause.
He has walked three or four miles. Note: It should be distinguished from the situation that indicates two kinds of juxtaposition.
For example, domestic universities require students to take a foreign language in both the first and second grades. 5. Set words are closely related and do not need to be separated by pauses.
Such as: police, primary and secondary school students, colleges and universities, men, women and children. 6. There is no pause between the quotation marks indicating juxtaposition and the title of the book, which must be used. Only commas can be used.
I have watched many excellent movies recently, such as Hero, Infernal Affairs and Beautiful Life. At this time, the slogan "Learn from Kong Fansen" and "Pay tribute to Kong Fansen" rang out in the classroom.
7. Pay attention to the classification of coordinate words, using pause for small words and comma for big words; Use commas in minor clauses, semicolons in major clauses, and even periods. For example, the explosion of atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs, and the launch and recovery of satellites all marked a new step in China's scientific and technological development.
A beautiful girl, tall, but not too tall. Face should be white, but not too white; It should be white and red, but not too red.
Many libraries in China only spend120,000 a year. Excluding wages and office expenses, the cost of books can be imagined. 8. Semicolons are generally used between parallel clauses in complex sentences; But if there are no commas between clauses, you can't use semicolons directly.
Such as: language, the language people use to express their feelings; Words are used by people to remember words and notes. The aesthetic feeling of architecture is hazy, but it can be clear; The aesthetic feeling of architecture is abstract, but it can be concrete.
Genius comes from diligence, and knowledge lies in accumulation. The beauty of the West Lake lies in its exquisiteness and atmosphere. She is like a Jiangnan woman showing her feminine feelings. Just like a warm-blooded man showing his broad mind.
(Semicolons should be commas) (2) Use of question marks 1. Although some sentences have interrogative words, they only act as a part of the whole sentence (usually subject or object), and there is no question mark at the end of the sentence. I have found out when she will leave and which train she will take.
I don't know what's going on. 2. No matter how many options there are in multiple-choice questions, only one question mark can be used at the end of the sentence, and commas can be used between other sentences.
Did you come by plane, bus or boat? Please give me an answer as soon as possible. Tell me whether you will come by car or by plane.
3. If several consecutive questions do not indicate the relationship of choice, but are asked separately, then as many questions as there are, you should use as many question marks. Who should solve this problem? How to solve it? 4. In inverted sentences, the question mark is placed at the end of the sentence.
Such as: "Comrades, what the hell is going on?" The factory director asked. What's the matter with you? [Note] In inverted sentences, the same is true for exclamation points.
Leave it alone, Sister Xianglin! 5, rhetorical question, rhetorical question When personality becomes a temperament, a noble quality of life, can you accept and enjoy it unhappily? Since nature has given us an extremely noble brain, why not climb to the top to meet the hopeless sunrise? (3) The usage of the colon is 1, which is used after general words, indicating that the words before the colon should be explained separately or the words before the colon cause the words behind. There are four gates in the Forbidden City in Beijing: Wumen Gate, Shenwu Gate, Donghuamen Gate and Xihuamen Gate.
2, used after the prompt (such as saying, thinking, proving, announcing, pointing out, deciding, revealing, discovering, reflecting, for example, the following and so on. ), which leads to the specific content. In the investigation, the reporter found that in recent years, the labor concept of primary and secondary school students has become increasingly weak.
When the Academic Committee announced that Comrade Zhang Yi had obtained a doctorate, warm applause rang out in the hall. The colon was removed because the pause was so short that I couldn't reach the end of the sentence. ) Excellent films attending National Day gifts, such as Storm, Song of Youth and Lin Zexu, will also be shown in major cities.
[Note] After these suggestive words, you can also directly lead out the following words with commas. A large number of facts have proved that patriotism education has stimulated students' enthusiasm for learning, so it is necessary to carry out patriotism education regularly.
3, used in front of general sentences, indicating a summary of the above content. For example, in the stock exchange, brokers wear red vests, and managers and service personnel wear yellow vests. This is a common phenomenon.
4. The prompt function of colon should be played to the end of the sentence, which can't be managed in the sentence. If only one of them.
2. The new curriculum standard (People's Education Edition) China's ancient poems all view the sea-Cao Cao's view of Jieshi in the east.
The sea is so vast that the islands stand high on the sea. Trees and paraquat are very lush. Autumn wind makes trees make sad sounds, and the sea is surging.
The movement of the sun and the moon seems to come from the vast ocean. Journey to the sun and the moon, if you go out.
Han is a talented star, if you take him by surprise. I am glad to use this poem to express my inner desire.
Wang Wan, the next stop of Beibao Mountain, under the green hills, my boat and I meandered along the green water. Until the river bank widens at low tide, and no wind blows my lonely sail.
... night gives way to the ocean of the sun, and the old year melts in freshness. Finally, I can send my messenger, Wild Goose, back to Luoyang.
Spring tour of Qiantang Lake-Jiating West, north of Baijuyi Gushan Temple, with flat water level and low cloud feet. Several early orioles raced to the sunny tree, and their new swallows were carrying mud in their nests.
Colorful spring flowers will gradually fascinate people's eyes, and shallow spring grass can barely cover the horseshoe. I love the beauty on the east bank of the West Lake, and I can't get enough of it, especially the white sand embankment under the green poplar.
Xijiangyue-Xin Qiji's bright moon surprises magpies, and the breeze chirps at midnight. The cool evening breeze seems to have spread to cicadas in the distance.
In the fragrance of rice and flowers, people talk about the harvest of a year, and frogs croak in their ears, as if in a bumper harvest year. In the old days, Maodian was near the forest, and the road turned to the stream bridge.
Tianjingsha Qiu Si-Ma Zhiyuan old trees with withered vines faint, bridges flowing with water, ancient roads with thin horses in the west wind. When the sun sets, heartbroken people are at the end of the world.
Although the tortoise lives a hundred years, there are still times when the tortoise lives a hundred years. A poisonous snake flew in the fog and was finally covered with dust.
An old horse crouches, aiming at a thousand miles. The martyrs were full of courage in their later years.
The surplus and contraction period is not only in the sky; Blessings that nourish grace can last forever. I am glad to use this poem to express my inner desire.
Passing through the old village-Meng Haoran, prepare chicken rice for me, old friend, you entertain me on your farm. Green Woods surround the village and green hills are located outside the city.
Open the window facing the valley vegetable garden and pass the glass to talk about crops. Please come here to see chrysanthemums when the ninth festival comes.
The meditation place behind the broken mountain temple-clear morning, near the ancient temple, the early morning sun shines on the treetops. A winding path leads to a hidden place, and the Buddhist temple is surrounded by branches and flowers.
Here, birds live in the mountain light, and people's hearts feel quiet in the pond. All is silent here, but the bell is ringing.
I heard that Wang Changling moved the Longbiao kiln to the left and sent this message-Li Bai and Huayang both cried, and Wen Daolong crossed the five streams. I entrust my sad thoughts to the moon, hoping to accompany you to the west of Yelang.
Notes to friends in the North on a rainy night —— Li Shangyin asked about the untimely return date, and the rain rose in the autumn pool at night. When * * * cut the candle at the west window, but talk about the rain at night.
Qinhuai Park-Tumu smoke cage, cold water moon cage sand, and restaurants near Qinhuai Park in the evening. Businessmen and women don't know enough to hate national subjugation, but they still cross the river singing flowers.
Huanxisha-Yan Shu, a new song, a glass of wine, the weather was old last year, when will the sunset return? Helpless, let the flowers fall, as if I had met Yan's return, and Xiaoyuan Xiangjing wandered alone. It is not difficult to walk through Song Yuanchen's paint shop-Yang Wanli, Mo Yan, Xia Ling, and earn empty love; When you enter the circle of high mountains, as soon as you climb one mountain, another mountain will stop you immediately.
Like a dream-Li Qingzhao often thinks of the sunset in Xiting, indulges in it and doesn't know the way home. Always had a good time, but lost to the swimming pool deep in Zhu Feng.
How to row a boat out, accidentally, but scared a group of Oulu. The feeling of reading a book-Zhu's half-acre square pond opened and the sky was overcast.
Why is the water in the pond so clear? Because there is inexhaustible living water for it. Miscellaneous poems in the mountains-smoke in Wujun Mountain, sunset in bamboo.
Birds fly happily to the eaves and white clouds float out of the window. Zhuliguan-Wang Wei, I am leaning alone in the dense bamboo, playing the piano and humming a song.
It's too light for anyone to hear, except my partner, Mingyue. Emei Mountain Moon Song-Li Bai Emei Mountain half moon autumn, shadow into Pingqiang River.
In the evening, Qingxi went to the Three Gorges, but the four gentlemen did not see Yuzhou. One spring night, I heard the flute in Los Angeles-Li Bai's Yu Di fluttered in the dark, and the spring breeze filled Los Angeles.
In this nocturne, the willow is broken, and no one can afford to be homesick. Cen Can, an envoy to Beijing, has a long way to go in his hometown, and his sleeves are ringing.
I'll meet you immediately, without paper and pen. Please tell my family that I'm safe. Chuzhou Creek —— Wei lives by the Gu Cao Creek, and orioles sing in the trees.
The spring tide brought the rain late and urgent, and there was no boat on the wild crossing. "Meet the River-Du Fu's Residence in the King's Qi" is very common, but Cui has heard it several times before.
Never thought, in this Jiangnan scenic area; It is the season of falling flowers, and I can meet you, an old acquaintance. Send Che Ling to see the master-from the temple, in the depths of its tender bamboo, Liu Changqing, came the low sound of the evening bell.
The sunset with a hat gradually returned to Qingshan. Invite guests-In Huangmei season in Zhao Shixiu, it rains at home, and frogs are everywhere in the grass pond.
It's past midnight, and the invited guests haven't come yet. I tapped the chess pieces bored and shook the wick of an oil lamp. On Poetry-Zhao Yi's Du Li's Poems have been passed down to this day, but they are not new.
There are talented people in the Jiangshan generation, and every leader has been working for hundreds of years. Wang Yue-Du Fu's majestic Mount Tai! ? Out of Qilu, green peaks can still be seen.
The magical nature brings together thousands of beautiful mountains in the south and the separation between morning and dusk in the north. Layers of white clouds, cleaning the gully on the chest; The flat bird flew into the eye socket.
Try to climb to the top of the mountain: it dwarfs all the peaks under our feet. Although Wang Chun-Du Fu's country was divided, the mountains and rivers remained forever, and all the plants and trees were in spring.
Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate. The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold.
Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin. Du Fu, an official of Shi Hao, went to Shihao Village at dusk, and officials arrested people at night.
The old man climbed over the wall and left, while the old woman went out to watch. Why are officials angry? Why do women cry? After listening to his wife, he said, "Three men are guarding Yecheng.
One man attached a book, and two men died. Those who drag out an ignoble existence are dead! There is no one in the room, only a baby and a grandson.
And grandma didn't go, and there was no skirt in and out. Although an old woman is weak, please come back at night.
If you are in a hurry to serve Shirley in the river and Yang, you might as well prepare the meal in the morning. "Night long voice, such as the smell of crying.
Dawn will rise into the future, leaving the old man alone. Returning to the Garden (the third place)-Tao Yuanming planted beans at the foot of Nanshan, and the grass was full of beans and the seedlings were sparse.
Get up early in the morning to get rid of weeds, and come back with hoes in the moonlight at night. The narrow path covered with vegetation, the night dew wet my clothes.
It's not a pity to get wet, but I hope it won't be against my will. Catch the traffic jam-Wang Wei's bike wants to ask about the border, and it is a country that has lived for a long time.
Pengpeng also floated out of Korea, and the geese heading north also flew into the sky. The vast desert is lonely, and the Yellow River sets the yen.
When I arrived at the small pass, I met a spy waiting for the knight and told me that Dou Hu was in Yan. See your friend off at Jingmen Ferry-Li Bai sails to Jingmen Ferry, and soon you will be with southerners.
At the end of the mountain range and the beginning of the plain, the river winds through the wilderness. The moon rises like a mirror, and the sea clouds twinkle like palaces.
The water brings you the feeling of home and makes your boat travel 300 miles. Tour Shanxi Village-Lu You Xiao Mo's farmhouse is full of wine, leaving enough chickens and dolphins in good years.
There is no way to go because of the winding water flow in the mountains, and a mountain village suddenly appears in the willow-green flower bay. The day of playing flute and drums is approaching, and the villagers are still dressed simply.
In the future, if you can go out in the moonlight, I will knock on your door at any time with my cane. Long Song Line-Kwai is in the green garden of Han Yuefu, and the morning dew is waiting for the sun. In spring, Budze, everything is brilliant.
I am always afraid that when the cold autumn comes, the trees in Ye Er will turn yellow and the grass will wither. A hundred rivers go east to the sea, when will they return to the west?
A lazy youth, a lousy age. Wild hope-hope in old age, what migration depends on.
Trees are all autumn colors, and mountains are only sparkling. The shepherd brought the calf back, hunted horses and brought birds back.
Care for no acquaintances, Long song pregnant with Cai Wei. There is a bosom on the early cold river-Meng Haoran, and the water is cold with the north wind.
My home is wandering by the river, and the sea of clouds is far away. Tears of homesickness in the journey, see the back of the sail on the horizon.
The smoke in the wind blurs where the ferry can be, and the vast river ripples in the sunset. A letter from Dongting Lake to Premier Zhang-Meng Haoran's August lake here is an air with heaven.
Ozawa's water vapor transpiration on the cloud soil is white, and the waves seem to shake the whole Yueyang. I'm going to cross the water to find a boat and paddle. It's a shame to return home in the sacred age.
Sitting around watching other people's hard river fishing can only envy the fish caught in the fish. Yellow Crane Tower-A long time ago, Cui Hao was a place where a yellow crane carried a saint to heaven. Now only the Yellow Crane Tower is left.
The yellow crane never revisited earth, there have been no long white clouds for thousands of years. Every tree in Hanyang has become clear due to sunlight, and Nautilus Island is covered with sweet grass.
But I looked home, and the twilight was boundless in Yanbojiang.
3. The punctuation marks in ancient Chinese generally didn't have any punctuation marks and spaces, but when reading new books, the ancients used to put a symbol similar to today's pause, which the ancients called "note".
In order to facilitate people's reading, scholars add a big circle when annotating books, which actually plays the role of sentence breaking. The word "."appeared around the Song Dynasty.
","means reading sentences. Names and place names only appeared in the Ming Dynasty.
19 19 On the basis of the original punctuation marks in China and referring to the punctuation marks commonly used in other countries, the Preparatory Committee for the Unified Planning of Putonghua stipulated the symbol 12, which was promulgated by the then Ministry of Education. After the founding of New China, the General Administration of Publishing further summarized the rules for the use of punctuation marks and published the usage of punctuation marks in 195 1. In the same year, the State Council issued the Guiding Opinions on Learning the Usage of Punctuation in 1.
From then on, punctuation tends to be perfect and has a unified usage. 1990 In April, the State Language Committee and the Press and Publication Administration revised and promulgated the Usage of Punctuation Symbols, which made new provisions and explanations on punctuation marks and their usage.
4. The translation of classical Chinese was sent to the county/sentient beings/the owner of the donkey was traced/as he said.
Reference translation:
Dong Hangcheng of Hanoi County, Huaizhou can tell who the thief is. A man stole a passenger's donkey and purse from an old shop in Heyang. At dawn, I ran to Huaizhou. Dong Xingcheng saw it in the street and shouted, "Stop thief!" The thief got off the donkey and admitted the crime of stealing it. People asked Dong Xingcheng how he knew. Dong Xingcheng said: "This man rode a donkey very fast and broke out in a sweat before he walked far. When you meet a person, you will avoid it far away, which proves that he is guilty and afraid. Based on these, you can judge. " Dong Hangcheng sent the thief to the county government. Soon, the owner of the donkey came along the path, and the actual situation was the same as what Dong Hangcheng said.
5. Refresh reading answers in classical Chinese in 5.word period 1 note editor (1) Doctor: Doctor.
(2) medical records: medical records. (3) work: good at it.
(4) cursive script: cursive script. (5) prescription.
(6) or: yes. (7) department: related.
(8) stores: stores. (9) wave breaker: a reckless person.
⑽ approximation: approximation and carelessness. ⑾ pinch: grab.
⑿ procrastination: procrastination. Yi, y
[13] round trip: round trip. 3. Delay: delay time.
Prison, j: and. ⒂ Colleague: People in the same occupation; This refers to the doctor.
⒃ Book: Write. (17): I hope.
Editor: Some doctors are good at cursive writing, while others don't know the medical history. It doesn't matter much. As for the name of the medicine, how come everyone in the pharmacy knows cursive script? Reckless (staff) grasping a handful of medicine will leave mistakes, and cautious (staff) will delay time by asking back and forth. Can there be an agreement between doctors that all medical histories and drug names should be clearly written and the drug names should be understood by everyone?
3 comments refresh the editing period means that the handwriting must be clear. In the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, Gu Wenheng, a physician, said in the article "Calligraphy is the knowledge of Yue * * *": "Every book has a clear word period and a clear medicine period."
He criticized two phenomena: first, doctors wrote prescriptions in cursive script, thinking that the words on medical records were unknown to others and that "departments are not important"; However, the name of the medicine in the prescription will be delayed because people don't know cursive script. "If you are anxious, you will be delayed. If you ask back and forth carefully, you will be delayed." There is also a phenomenon that "painting a picture is very strange and puzzling", that is, it is unconventional and fabricated out of thin air, which makes people unable to understand. Then "what can be guaranteed in an emergency?" The words of the sages are reasonable. Sometimes hospitals and pharmacies mix the wrong drugs, and people's lives are at stake, so they try their best to recover information through the media. The reason is also that the writing is not standardized and difficult to identify.
Some medical disputes are also caused by unclear or incorrect writing. Therefore, in order to "ensure foolproof in an emergency", we should wash away the suspicion of infringing patients' right to know and consciously "keep the word period fresh and the drug period clear".
I hope this is what the painter Yunnan Tian said. I may be inferior to others in painting techniques, but I don't have to be inferior in expressive performance.
This word may not be like a person, but it means freedom and not letting others. Conceited words are also.
[Six Methods]: The theory of six methods was first seen in the Records of Ancient Paintings by Sheikh in the Southern Qi Dynasty and the Records of Famous Paintings in Past Dynasties by Zhang Yanyuan in the Tang Dynasty. It is said that the charm is vivid, the bone method uses a pen, things should be pictographic, and they should be applied according to the class. It is said that it is a transfer and reproduction, and it is called a business place.
[Cao Cao Parade]: Ni Yunlin tasted: "A servant's so-called painter is nothing more than an unintentional pen, and he doesn't want to be similar, but talks to amuse himself." The so-called rush is also a freehand brushwork, not asking for details, just talking about condemnation.
7. Classical Chinese translation+explanation+question Original: Lonely and poor, filial piety.
Not weak, Wen Liu? Give a group of people to talk about it. From beginning to end, outstanding, diligent, very strange, pro-crown.
Are you online? I've been under the door for many years, and I'm going home, wearing a cloth and walking on the road. ? There are many cars and horses in the crowded city, and I am really at the door, talking about * * *.
He is both long and knowledgeable about classics, especially the Three Rites. It is straightforward in nature and dangerous to speak out. It is not safe for scholars.
I am kind only when I am with my brother Xiao Chen. My name is Oral Debate, and every service is simple and concise. Fan Zhen's father died when he was young, and his family was poor, so he served his mother with filial piety and humility.
When he was less than twenty years old, he studied with the scholar Liu. Liu paid special attention to him and crowned him personally. Fan Zhen has been under Liu Men for many years, always wearing sandals and cloth and going out for a walk.
Most of Liu's men are children of princes and nobles riding horses. Fan Zhen is not ashamed to live among the rich in their expensive shops. As an adult, Fan Zhen studied many Confucian classics, especially Zhou Li, Li Ji and Li Ji.
His natural disposition is simple and frank, and he likes to publish unconventional macro theories, which is considered inappropriate by his friends. He only hits it off best with his cousin Xiao Chen, who is famous for his eloquence, but he often admires Fan Zhen's short answer. When I was young, I followed well and got along well with you. Especially in my own words, the reason why Liu Sui personally held the coronation ceremony for Fan Zhen was: 1. When Liu Wang was a prince, most of his children rode horses. 2. Be content with poverty and be filial to your mother. 3. Outstanding and diligent. Evaluation of Fan Zhen: capable, diligent, filial and content with poverty.