First, the fruit planting state selection:
Plants in Leng Fantuan like shade and light tolerance, warmth and cold tolerance. It is best to plant it in a ventilated and light-transmitting place under forests, valleys and streams with irrigation conditions. It is especially suitable for planting in loose and fertile loam plots, and is more suitable for interplanting in fruit forests, economic forests or other forests. In this way, the branches of fruit trees can be used as winding scaffolding without affecting the yield of fruit trees. It is the first choice to realize "double-season orchard".
Second, raising seedlings:
Cutting propagation is better. Select 1 year-old branches with strong branches, short nodes and no pests and diseases from excellent Leng Fantuan plants, cut them into 20cm long cuttings, and carry out cutting propagation according to the row spacing of 20× 15cm. Water and shade in time after cutting.
Third, planting:
The suitable planting time is 10 ~ 1 1 month, and it can also be planted before germination in early spring. Before planting, dig deep into the soil, dig planting ditches (holes) at the density of 100 ~ 120 plants/mu, with the spacing between plants of 0.6m, the row spacing of1.2m, the depth of the ditches (holes) of 40cm and the width of 50cm, and fill the ditches (holes) after the fertilizers and topsoil are evenly mixed. The base fertilizer should be decomposed organic fertilizer, compost and human manure 15kg/ plant. When planting seedlings, after filling half the soil, slightly lift the seedlings to straighten the roots of the plants, which is beneficial to survival (don't lift the seedlings too hard to avoid damaging the fleshy roots), and then water them practically. After the water seeps down, cover it with a layer of moisture-proof soil. If you interplant in the forest, you can plant 1 plant on both sides about 60cm away from the root. This planting method will not affect the growth of trees, but also ensure the output of Leng Fantuan, with good comprehensive benefits.
Fourth, on-site management:
4. 1 Irrigation and fertilization:
Leng Fantuan likes water and fertilizer, and it grows rapidly, so it should be watered, weeded and fertilized frequently. In bud stage, flowering stage and fruiting stage, besides supplying enough water, fertilizer must also be supplied. Generally, topdressing is twice a year/kloc-0: 1 time before leaf opening and the second time before flowering. Fertilization for the first time 1 time: apply 5 ~ 10 kg of decomposed farmyard manure to each plant, open an annular ditch with a depth of130 ~ 50 cm around the root, and cover the soil after application; The second topdressing should appropriately increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to promote the normal development and maturity of fruits. If some human manure or biogas slurry fertilizer is applied in the fruit expansion period with intertillage weeding, the fruit will be large and full, the juice will be sweet and the quality will be excellent.
4.2, scaffolding:
Scaffolding should be set up in the second year of planting and after. The material can be bamboo, steel, cement column, etc. The frame can be selected from bracket, single fence, double fence, shed, etc. No matter what kind of structure, it is necessary to take the north-south direction to facilitate ventilation and light transmission. The scaffold height is1.8 ~ 2.5m.. After the shelf is set up, tie the main vine to the post with a soft rope, so that it can be naturally placed on the shelf with the growth of plants in the future.
4.3, pruning:
Except for 3-4 stout branches per plant for cultivation, other basic branches should be cut off. Pruning is divided into three seasons every year, and 2 ~ 3 vegetative branches should be reserved as main branches for three pruning, and vines should be put on shelves.
① Cut off short fruit branches and dead branches before germination, leave 8 ~ 12 buds for long fruit branches, and cut off the rest.
(2) Summer cutting will be carried out from May to September. Cut off basic branches, drilling branches, overlapping branches and pest branches, and also trim or cut off new branches that are too dense. July-September is the second growth peak in Leng Fantuan, with new shoots on both main and lateral vines. When the lateral branches are well developed, they will become the fruiting branches in the next year. Therefore, in this period, in addition to strengthening the management of fertilizer and water, it is also necessary to trim and shape, control the main vines, properly cultivate the lateral vines, promote the development of strong branches, and ensure stable and high yield next year.
(3) Autumn cutting is carried out in June 10 ~ 1 1. The main thing is to cut off the basic branches.
4.4 Loosening and weeding:
During the growth of Leng Fantuan, it is necessary to loosen the soil and weed in time to keep the soil loose, and at the same time, make a fertilizer and water tray at the base to facilitate daily irrigation. Use as little or no herbicides as possible to reduce pollution and harm.
4.5 Pest control
(1) At the initial stage of the disease, the leaf blight starts from the tip or edge, and gradually infects the whole leaf, causing the leaves to wither and fall off, and in severe cases, it will cause the cones to fall off. Prevention and control: strengthen field management and pay attention to ventilation and light transmission. Spray 1:1:100 times bordeaux mixture for 7 days1time, several times in a row.
(2) Curly leaves and Larvae of Red Spider Curly Leaves can cause Curly leaves, affect fruit growth and even make the fruit fall off; Red spider mainly harms the buds and leaves of plants. Prevention and control: spray with 50% phoxim 1500 times solution or 40% dimethoate 1000 times solution and 80% trichlorfon 1500 times solution, and be careful not to use phoxim and other highly toxic and residual pesticides.