Seedlings lying on the ground cannot be dried indefinitely. Just from more than 40 cm above the ground to less than 3-4 buds at the top, the buds on the seedlings should be treated with Shuzhibao No.2 to produce a large number of medium-long branches, most of which are 10-25 cm long. Because there are many branches and scattered nutrition, although the branches are not long, the buds are full. If the seedlings are planted outdoors, the height of the stem is 90 ~ 100 cm.
(2) Pruning in the first year after planting
(1) Picking and defoliation In mid-May, when the lateral branches are longer than 15 cm, the robust ones can be picked and defoliated. The method is to remove the tender shoot of 1 cm and 2 ~ 4 tender leaves at the top, leaving only the petiole, which can limit the growth of this branch and promote the fullness of lateral buds. If other measures are taken, 1 ~ 2 flower buds can be formed at the top in that year. When the other new branches are 30 cm long, they are all drawn at 90 ~ 100 to inhibit their elongation and thickening growth.
(2) When the branch is semi-lignified, hold the same branch with both hands and twist it horizontally by 90 ~180, slightly injuring the internodes and opening the angle. For longer branches, it can be rotated once every 3 ~ 4 knots.
(3) Soften autumn with branches, and take branches from long branches to make them droop slightly, so as to promote the fullness of buds and strengthen the power of central leadership.
(4) Cutting in winter, if you don't do some work such as accelerating germination, removing cores and leaves, softening branches, etc. Only new shoots will be leveled. In winter cutting, all the lateral branches of the year should be thinned out, and the central leading trunk will extend and cut the branches when they are full of buds, which is conducive to strengthening the strength of the middle trunk and increasing the ratio of trunk to branch.
(3) Pruning in the second year after planting
(1) For those who remove the heart and leaves, transfer internodes and soften branches one year before topping to promote lateral buds, the top buds can be artificially removed to promote lateral buds to germinate and reduce bare-legged branches before germination.
(2) After removing the terminal buds, firstly, ring cutting is performed after 2-3 buds at the top, and then 1 ~ 2 is sequentially cut after each bud on the back, which can not only inhibit the buds on the back from growing long branches, but also promote the formation of medium and short branches on the lower back and both sides. In order to inhibit the vigorous growth of each branch group, 1 ~ 2 branches can be circumcised at the base to promote the development of inhibited branches (that is, tufted branches on the back) and prepared branches (tufted branches in the middle and lower parts after cutting). In the future, the growth potential of branch groups can be adjusted by restricting branches.
(3) leveling the new shoots in summer, and leveling the 30cm-long new shoots. When the competing branches are lignified, ring cutting will be adopted at the base to limit their growth.
(4) In winter, the extension branches of the central trunk are cut short when the buds are full, and the insufficient autumn shoots are cut off, while the spring shoots are kept.
(4) Pruning in the third year after planting
When the new shoot is 30 cm long, the opening angle is 90 ~ 100. At the same time, the best time to promote flowering is when the new shoots grow to 15 cm. When cutting in winter, the central leaders cut the full buds short. Generally, the whole tree has about 15 branches, and the branches that are too dense and overlapping should be thinned.
(5) Pruning in the fourth year after planting
When the new branches grow to 30 cm in summer, they are pulled to a drooping state. At the same time, the 1 ~ 2-year-old branches were circumcised at the base, and the time was still 15 cm. During the flowering period, do a good job of thinning flowers and setting fruits, leaving about 30 fruits per tree. In winter, the height of the trunk of the central leadership has reached more than 3 meters, so it is not necessary to cut the protruding branches short. After germination in spring, the buds are carved in the bare belt to make it produce more short and medium branches, blossom and bear fruit.
The trunk shaping should also pay attention to the following problems: (1) the opening angle of new shoots in the young tree stage must be greater than 90; When pruning in winter in the first year of plastic surgery, the lateral branches must be shrunk again to increase the ratio of stem diameter to branch diameter. Plastic surgery should focus on the first 4 years of life, with moderate effect; Keep the thickness of middle stem and fruiting branch axis at 5∶ 1. Because the branch potential is adjusted, it is conducive to flowering, even if it is not circumcised, it will blossom and bear fruit; The suitable time to limit thickening growth and promote garland cutting is: when the new shoot length is 15 cm, the fruiting branch length is 17 ~ 20 cm. Too early affects the growth of fruit, and too late can't limit the thickening. In order to produce high-grade fruits, the best fruiting branches are generally the middle branches and short branches that grow obliquely downward.