The legendary tribal leader named Jiang in ancient times, also known as,, is located in the Weihe River basin of Shaanxi Province in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. Say Shennong (or Shennong's descendants). According to legend, her mother's name is Deng and she traveled to Huayang one day. Surrounded by dragons, she became pregnant and gave birth to Emperor Yan. Legend has it that Emperor Yan had a bull's head with horns on his head. Emperor Yan was born in a stone room in a mountain and grew up in Jiang Shui. He was virtuous and respected by fire, so he was named Emperor Yan. Emperor Yan is few and wise. He can talk for three days, walk for five days and understand crops for three years. He has done many good things for the people in his life: teaching people to farm and making them well fed; In order to protect people from getting sick, he tasted all kinds of medicinal materials, so that he was poisoned 70 times a day. He also made musical instruments to make people understand etiquette, which was praised by later generations. According to historical records and other ancient books, Emperor Yan's surname is "Yi Jian" and his name is Stone Mill. Mother has a charming daughter named Nudeng, who is a bit standard.
Yan Di
Princess. Give birth to Emperor Yan. Than long, it is called' Jiang'. According to the "Outline" and other records: "Emperor Yan ruled the world with fire virtue instead of Fuxi, whose vulgarity is more important than the end, rich but not contending, obedient to the people but not ordering, strong but not killing, frugal but not annoying, so it is from the toes in the south, to the secluded capital in the north, to the intestines valley in the east and to the three dangers in the west." "Yue Jue Shu" said: "In the past, Shennong ruled the world, and it has benefited, so I don't want to report it; Not greedy for the wealth of the world, but the wealth of the world; Don't pretend to be smart, but the world respects it. "
Qi Huangong was the monarch of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period. He longs for people with high moral character, and he is polite to corporal with high moral character. He reformed the Qi government and made Qiang Bing a rich country. These are the reasons why he can become the first overlord in the Spring and Autumn Period.
Shang Yang (about 395-338 BC) was a native of Han nationality and Weiguo (now Huangliangzhuang Town, Anyang City, Henan Province). Politicians and thinkers in the Warring States period, and representatives of pre-Qin legalists. Ji surname, Wei. Also known as Wei Yang and Gong Sunyang (Wei Yang's "Wei" is the surname of the country, Shang Yang's "Shang" is the surname of the residence or the official, "the son of the vassal is called Gongsun, and the son of Gongsun takes the word Wang Fu as his surname". Wei Yang's ancestor was Wei Guojun, so he was also called Gongsun Yang. Shang Yang was invited to enter the State of Qin and persuaded the political reform. After Xiao Gong's death, he was slandered by Qin nobles, suspected by Qin Huiwen, and his car cracked and died. He was in power for more than 20 years in the State of Qin, which was called "Shang Yang Reform" in history, which made the State of Qin superior to the six countries in Shandong for a long time, but finally died of his own law.
Kong Qiu (September 28th, 55 BC 1 year ~ April 479 BC1year), whose name was Zhong Ni. The second child, Han nationality, was from Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period. Confucius was a great thinker and educator in ancient China, the founder of Confucianism and one of the most famous cultural celebrities in the world. China's first chronological history book Spring and Autumn Annals was compiled. According to relevant records, Confucius was born in Changping Township, Joy, Lu State (now Luyuan Village, Nanxin Town, Qufu City, Shandong Province). Confucius died at the age of 73 and was buried in Surabaya, north of Qufu, where Kong Lin is now located. Confucius' thoughts on words and deeds are mainly contained in the prose collections "The Analects of Confucius" and "Historical Records of Confucius' Family" preserved in the pre-Qin and Qin and Han Dynasties.
Li Bing, a native of Jiaoxie Village, Jiezhou Town, Yanhu District, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province, was a water conservancy scientist during the Warring States Period and also studied astronomy and geography. At the end of Qin Dynasty (about 256 BC ~ 25 BC1year), he was responsible for the construction of Dujiangyan, an early irrigation project in China, at the exit of Minjiang River in Dujiangyan City, Sichuan Province (formerly guanxian), thus making the Chengdu Plain rich.
According to the Records of Huayang National Records, Li Bing once installed a water gauge of a stone man in Dujiangyan, which was an early water level observation facility in China. He also dug beaches and dredged waterways in today's Yibin and Leshan, built irrigation and shipping projects such as Wenjing River (now Xihe in Chongqing County), Mubai River (now Nanhe in Qionglai), Luoshui River (now Shiting River) and Mianshui River (now Mianyuan River), and also built cable bridges and opened salt wells. People miss his achievements and build temples to commemorate them. After the Northern Song Dynasty, there was a story about Li Bing's son, Li Erlang, who helped Li Bing manage water.
The Erwang Temple, built at the head of Dujiangyan Canal, commemorates the great achievements of Li Bing and his son in water control. Inscriptions are mostly technical essentials for the maintenance of irrigation projects. Every year in Tomb-Sweeping Day, local residents will hold sacrificial activities and boil water (water will be released after the annual renovation) at the Erwang Temple. Li Bing has now become a god worshipped by ordinary people in Dujiangyan Irrigation District, and religious activities related to water have strengthened the connection between the government and the water users in the irrigation area.
Qin Shihuang (259 BC-2 BC10), the son of Wang Xiang in Qinzhuang, was an outstanding politician and military commander. At the end of the Warring States Period, he was the monarch of the State of Qin and the first founding emperor of the Qin Dynasty to unify China. Won the surname, Zhao, (Zheng). In the pre-Qin period, men called, Qin called, Qin called, Zhao called, and later many people called it Ying Zheng. Qin Shihuang was the first monarch to use the title of "Emperor" in the history of China, which had a far-reaching and significant impact on the history of China and the world, and was praised as "the first emperor through the ages" by Li Zhi, a thinker in the Ming Dynasty.
Bobby Chen (? ~ before 208), the word involved, so it is also called Chen She, Yangcheng (now Taikang County, Zhoukou City, Henan Province), who worked as a servant in his early years. Bobby Chen was an ambitious man when he was young. Born on a farm, laborers worked as long-term laborers for landlords since childhood, and were deeply oppressed and exploited. He was "disappointed for a long time" in his heart and gradually developed the idea of resisting oppression and changing reality. He once said that "the sparrow is small, but it has everything", and he was determined to do great things from an early age.
Cai Lun, the innovator of papermaking in China's "Four Great Inventions", is one of "100 people" and "the greatest inventor in human history" [1]. Cai Lun's invention and innovation are not limited to papermaking. He "supervised the secret swords and weapons, all of which were exquisite and secret, which was the law of later generations." "Taifu Cai's crossbow and the sword of Longting for nine years are world-famous."
Portrait of Cai Lun
Cai Lun was recorded as a "Guiyang native" in the History of the East View and the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, but the dispute over his native place has a long history. At present, there are two main opinions: one is that he is from Guiyang County, Hunan Province, and the other is that he is from Guiyang County, leiyang city City, Hunan Province.
In the last years of Yongping (75), he entered the palace as a eunuch. He has successively served as Xiaohuangmen, Zhong Servant, Shang Fangling and Changle Servant. In the first year of Yuan Dynasty (1 14), Andi named it Longtinghou (the fief was in Puzhen, Long Ting, Yang County, Shaanxi Province), with 300 food cities. Cai Lun is honest and prudent, and cares about national interests. He once "severely punished several offenders" and changed the situation. Diligent and studious, concentrate on things.
In the 4th year of Yongyuan (1992), Cai Lun took advantage of being an official and often visited rural workshops. When he saw the silkworm woman reeling, there was still a layer of short hair on the bamboo pole, which could be used to write, thus being inspired. He collects raw materials such as bark, waste hemp, rags and old fishing nets. In the first year of Yuan Xing (105), he wrote the paper-making process and method as a memorial, and reported it to Han and Emperor together with plant fiber paper, which was greatly praised by him, and Cai Lun's paper-making technology soon spread. People call this kind of paper "Cai Hou Paper", and all over the country "do whatever it takes".
Cai Lun's invention became one of four great inventions of ancient china and made great contributions to human civilization. Mack hart, an American, ranked Cai Lun seventh in the "100 list of celebrities who have influenced the course of human history", far ahead of the familiar Columbus, Einstein and Darwin. In 2007, Time magazine of the United States selected and published the "Best Inventor of All Time", and Cai Lun made the list again. The opening ceremony of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games showed the papermaking invented by Cai Lun.
The head of Zhang Qian.
[1] In the first year of Jianyuan (before 140), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was Lang. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty wanted to attack the Huns jointly with Yueshi * *, and Zhang Qian served as the special envoy. In the third year of Jianyuan-before 138, he left Longxi and was captured by Xiongnu. In Xiongnu 10 years, they got married and had children, but they always adhered to the Han Festival. After escaping, I went west to Dawan, passed Kangju and arrived at Dayue's home. The joint plan was rejected, and the Da Yue family no longer wanted to follow the Huns to Hangzhou. Then I went to the big summer and stayed for more than a year before I came back. On his way home, Zhang Qian changed from South Road to Nanshan in an attempt to avoid being discovered by Xiongnu, but he got it from Xiongnu and was detained for more than a year. In the third year of Yuan Shuo (BC 126), the Huns were in civil strife, and Zhang Qian took the opportunity to escape into the Han Dynasty. He gave a detailed report on the Western Regions to Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, who made him a doctor in Taichung. When Zhang Qian was in the summer, he learned that he could spend the summer by taking the road from the southwest of Shu (now Sichuan Basin) and taking the poison of India (now India). Because he advised Liang Wudi to open the route to the southwest, it was blocked by Kunming Yi and failed to pass. In the sixth year of Yuanshuo, Zhang Qian made contributions to the Xiongnu with Wei Qing, so he made a fortune and looked forward to it. In the second year of Yuanshou (before 12 1), he and Li Guang left Beiping (now northeast Hebei) to attack the Huns; Zhang Qian, who came late in the army, was beheaded, and made atonement with Hou to avoid being Shu Ren. Later, Zhang Qian advised Wu Di to unite with Wu Sun (in today's Ili Valley), and Wu Di took Zhang Qian as a corps commander. In BC 1 19, 300 people were sent to Wusun with tens of thousands of cattle and sheep, gold and silk. Zhang Qian sent envoys to Wusun and sent envoys to the surrounding countries such as Dawan, Kangju, Yueshi and Daxia. This trip has also achieved great results. Western countries also sent envoys to visit Chang 'an. Wu Sun sent messengers to send Zhang Qian back to Han, and offered a horse to thank him. Ding Yuan in the second year (former 1 15), Zhang Qian also. Died the following year. After he sent envoys, he led envoys from various countries in the western regions to Han; Wu Sun finally married Han, and * * * defeated Xiongnu. Zhang Qian is the founder of Hanergy's ability to communicate with the western regions. Because of Zhang Qian's prestige in the Western Regions, the envoys of the Han Dynasty later called him Bo Wanghou to win the trust of other countries. Zhang Qian has made outstanding contributions to the opening of the Silk Road from China to the Western Regions, which is praised by the world. At that time, there were no historical records in western countries, which were reported by Zhang Qian and recorded in Historical Records and Hanshu. They were the original materials on which the history of Central Asia was studied and had important historical value.