(Physical and chemical examination time 100, full score 120)
Note to candidates: the tenth question in the chemistry section is divided into two groups.
Relative atomic mass: C- 12, H- 1, O- 16, Ca-40, Mg-24.
I. Fill in the form (* *10)
1. Select appropriate substances from salt, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrated lime, iron oxide, nitrogen and sulfur dioxide, and fill in the following table:
The first kind of acidic oxide contains oxygen acid and alkali.
chemical formula
2. Write the chemical equations of the following reactions and give a brief answer:
A brief answer to the chemical equation of chemical reaction
The mass ratio of each element in the combustion product of magnesium belt in air is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
The basic reaction type of zinc and dilute sulfuric acid to generate hydrogen is _ _ _ _ _ reaction.
Dropping sodium hydroxide into copper sulfate solution will produce _ _ _ _ _ _ _ color precipitation.
Second, multiple-choice questions (* *10)
3. The use of a substance is often determined by its nature. In the use of the following substances, according to their chemical properties, it is ()
A. fill the balloon with hydrogen. B. derusting with hydrochloric acid. Graphite is used as the electrode. D. use activated carbon as deodorizer for refrigerator.
4. Among the following substances, the pure one is ()
A. choleric alum B. medical disinfectant alcohol C. clarified lime water D. Shanghai pipeline gas
5. Automobile engine exhaust contains a certain amount of nitrogen oxides, which causes air pollution. Among the following substances, the highest valence of nitrogen is ().
A.NO B.N2O3 C.NO2 D.N2O5
6. The following chemical symbols represent two hydrogen molecules ().
H2 D. methane
7. In the laboratory, the mixture of potassium chlorate and manganese dioxide is heated to produce oxygen, and the mass of manganese dioxide before and after the reaction is ().
A. Smaller B. Larger C. Constant D. Uncertain
At 8.20℃, a certain amount of sodium chloride solid was added to the sodium chloride solution, and after fully stirring, the relevant statement of the obtained solution was correct ().
A. the mass of solute must be increased. The quality of the solution must be improved.
C, the mass percentage concentration of the solution must be increased, and D, the mass of the solvent must remain unchanged.
9. When collecting the following gases in the laboratory, it is not advisable to use the drainage method to collect ().
A.H2 carbon dioxide carbon dioxide methane
10. Simple metal R can't react with dilute sulfuric acid, but can react with mercury nitrate solution, so R may be ().
A. iron, boron, magnesium, carbon, silver and copper
1 1. Compounds that do not contain hydrogen and oxygen may belong to ().
A. acid b base c salt d oxide
12. Identify three bottles of colorless solution: H2SO4, CaCl2 and NaCl, and the optional reagent is ().
A.na2co3.litmus purpurea test solution c.bacl2d.agno3
Three. Fill in the blanks (***8 points)
13. Amoxicillin capsules are commonly used antibiotics, and its chemical formula is C16L9N3O5S? 3H2O is composed of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ elements, with the largest number of _ _ _ _ _ atoms in its molecule.
14. aluminum and iron oxide react at high temperature to produce iron and alumina. Write the chemical equation of this reaction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
15. There are the following conversions:
Wherein A is a black solid, B and C are colorless gases, C is toxic, and the chemical formulas of B and C are respectively
B _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ C _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
At 16.20℃, a certain amount of salt solid was added to 25g of distilled water, and after fully stirring, undissolved salt solid was filtered out to obtain 34g of filtrate. Then the mass percentage concentration of sodium chloride in the solution is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Four, short answer questions (* *12 points)
17. Oxygen is usually produced by separating liquid air in industry, while oxygen is usually produced by heating the mixture of potassium chlorate and manganese dioxide in the laboratory.
(1) Write the chemical equation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(2) Fill in the blanks with numbers: (a) Physical changes; (b) Chemical changes.
Industrial oxygen production belongs to _ _ _ _ _ _, and laboratory oxygen production belongs to _ _ _ _ _.
(3) Please briefly describe the reasons why industrial oxygen production and laboratory oxygen production cannot be interchanged:
__________________________________________________
18. A chemical interest group designed the following experimental devices to produce carbon monoxide. Please answer:
(1) chemical equation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(2) The role of Part B is to generate _ _ _ _ _ gas, and its reaction chemical equation is:
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (4) The name of the instrument in Part D is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Gas can be collected by drainage.
5. This question is divided into two groups, A and B. Please tick "√" in the brackets of the selected group. Candidates who choose Group A do not get extra points for choosing Group B, and those who choose Group B do not get extra points for choosing Group A. If both groups are selected or not, Group A shall prevail. (*** 10 point)
Please tick "√" in the brackets of the selected group. Group a () and group b ().
Group A (47 is entitled multiple choice questions)
19. According to the schematic diagram of chlorine atom structure, the uncertainty is ().
A. Number of protons B. Number of electron layers C. Relative atomic mass D. Element category
20. Toothpaste is a necessity in people's life, and a friction agent is often added in the production process of toothpaste. This friction agent is a kind of superfine calcium carbonate powder made from ore through a series of processing, and its production process is as follows:
(2) Write the chemical equations of (1), (2) and (3) transformations.
(Ⅰ)__________________________________________________
(Ⅱ)__________________________________________________
(Ⅲ)__________________________________________________
(3) introducing CO2 gas into the clarified limewater to generate CaCO3 precipitate. If CO2 gas is excessive, further reactions will occur: CaCO3+H2O+CO2→Ca(HCO3)2, and Ca(HCO3)2 is easily soluble in water. If CO2 is injected into limewater containing 27.4g Ca(OH), what is the mass of CO2 gas to get the maximum amount of CaCO3 precipitation?
Group b:
2 1. At present, many residential quarters in Shanghai have implemented domestic waste sorting collection boxes. Please fill in the following garbage number in the corresponding trash can.
(1) Internal organs of poultry and fish; 2 peels and vegetable skins; 8 broken glass; ④ Waste batteries; ⑤ Waste fluorescent tubes; 6. Scrap metal products. Organic trash can: _ _ _ _ _ _ _; Inorganic dustbin _ _ _ _ _ _ _; Hazardous materials dustbin _ _ _ _ _ _.
22. The main component of gasoline is octane (chemical formula is C8H 18). If gasoline is not completely burned, it will produce carbon monoxide gas to pollute the environment.
The mass of (1)1molc8h18 is _ _ _ _ _ _ g.
The molecular number of 1mol C8H 18 is about _ _ _ _ _ _.
1mol C8H 18 contains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mol carbon atoms.
(2) 1mol C8H 18 is completely burned, and carbon dioxide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mol and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mol are generated.
(3) 1mol C8H 18 is incompletely combusted to generate 7molCO2, and then _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Unified academic examination for junior high school graduates in Shanghai in 2005
department of chemistry
Relative atomic mass (atomic weight): h-1c-12n-14o-16cl-35.5ca-40ag-108.
Six, fill in the form (*** 10)
27、
Chemical symbol h
3H2O
An iron element that represents the valence of phosphorus and helium.
28、
Material name: barium sulfate, barium chloride and sulfuric acid.
Cobalt aluminum hydroxide
Seven, multiple choice questions:
29. In the following phenomena, the physical change is ............................................ ().
A, distilled water boiled b, sorghum turned into wine c, iron products rusted d, cakes deteriorated.
30. Among the following beverages and foods, the one that belongs to the solution is …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
A, soybean milk b, milk c, mineral water d, jam
3 1. Among the following substances, the oxide belongs to ........................................... ().
Methyl ether, oxyethylene, H2O propylene, potassium permanganate butyl, calcium bicarbonate.
32, the following glassware, can be directly on the alcohol lamp flame heating is ................................. ().
A, B, C, D,
33. In the reaction of CuO +H2 Cu +H2O, the reducing agent is .......................... ().
a、CuO B、H2 C、Cu D、H2O
34. Iodized salt contains potassium iodate (KIO3), and the valence state of iodine in potassium iodate is ......................... ().
a 、+ 1 B 、+3 C 、+5 D 、+7
35. Early scientists, such as lavoisier, confirmed that about 1/5 gas in the air is relatively active and can react with some metals. This gas may be .................................. ().
A, nitrogen b, oxygen c, water vapor d and rare gas
36. From your life experience, the following practices are wrong: ................................... ()
A, use quicklime as food desiccant B, use dry ice to extinguish fire.
C, paint antirust D, check whether the gas leaks with burning matches.
37. When entering a newly renovated house, there is often an odor. The most reasonable explanation for this phenomenon is ().
First, the molecules are constantly moving. B, the molecular mass is very small.
C, there is a gap between molecules D, and the volume of molecules is very small.
The solubility of Ca(OH)2 in water at 38 and 30℃ is 0. 16g/ 100g water. At this temperature, in order to prepare saturated clarified limewater, the experimental team weighed 5.6g of quicklime, put it into 1000g water, fully stirred and cooled to 30℃, and filtered to obtain the mass of solute in clarified limewater ().
A, equal to 5.6g B, greater than 5.6g C, equal to 1.6g D, less than 5.6 G.
8. Fill in the blanks: (* *10)
39. Menthol (chemical formula C 10H20O) is the main cooling oil used for refreshing in summer. The substance consists of three elements, and the mass ratio of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in menthol is mC∶mH∶mO=.
40. Put an iron nail into the copper sulfate solution, take it out after a while, and find that there are colored substances on the surface of the iron nail. Write the chemical equation of the reaction: reaction type:.
4 1, the use of substances is generally closely related to the properties of substances. A classmate summarizes and arranges according to this rule, please help him fill in the blanks:
42. Phenolphthalein solution is a commonly used indicator in the laboratory. It is usually made by dissolving phenolphthalein solid in 90% alcohol solution.
(1) Take 1g phenolphthalein solid to prepare 1000g phenolphthalein solution, and the mass fraction (mass percentage concentration) of the solute phenolphthalein in the obtained solution is.
(2) Drop 2 ~ 3 drops of phenolphthalein solution into 2ml of dilute sodium hydroxide solution, and the solution will develop color.
(3) drop a sufficient amount (fill in the name of reagent) into the colored solution to obtain a colorless solution.
Nine, short answer questions: (* *10)
43. In order to remove sodium carbonate impurities from sodium chloride samples, the interest group initially designed the following scheme and conducted experiments.
(1) Write the chemical formula of precipitate A. ..
(2) After adding CaCl2 solution, the experimental operation method of separating and removing precipitate A is as follows.
(3) During the experiment, students found a new problem: this scheme is easy to introduce new impurities. Please write down the composition of solid substance B (expressed by chemical formula).
(4) After students' continuous exploration, a new scheme is put forward: dissolving the mixture, if hydrochloric acid is dropped until no gas is generated, it can not only remove Na2CO3 impurities, but also effectively prevent the introduction of new impurities. Write the chemical equation of the reaction:
.
44. The experimental team used the following equipment to carry out experiments.
Brief answers to practical test steps
Step 1: Weigh 3g of potassium chlorate and mix it with a small amount of manganese dioxide, put it into the test tube of device ①, and light the alcohol lamp. Device ① Chemical reaction equation in test tube:
Step 2: After heating the test tube for a period of time, connect A and B with rubber tube. At the beginning of heating, the exhausted gas should not be collected immediately, because.
Step 3: When the water level in device ② stops falling, disconnect A and B, take off the alcohol lamp, seal the gas container in device ②, and label it for later use.
Step 4: Read the volume of water in the measuring cylinder and record it. When reading, the line of sight must be flush with the concave liquid level.
On the basis of understanding the above experiment, please summarize the purpose of this experiment: (no more than 20 words)
.
X. This question is divided into two groups, A and B. Please tick "√" in the brackets of the selected group. Candidates who choose Group A do not get extra points for choosing Group B, and those who choose Group B do not get extra points for choosing Group A. If both groups are selected or not, Group A shall prevail. (*** 10 point)
Group A [Question 45 (1) is a multiple-choice question]
45.( 1) Among the elements represented by the following atomic structure diagram, () has the most stable chemical properties.
A, B, C, D,
(2) Select an appropriate element from the above elements to form a salt compound, and write its chemical formula:.
46. In order to study the composition of flaky solids (scale) poured from long-term thermos bottles, students conducted the following surveys:
Theory of operational phenomena
solid
cheque
①
Scales turn white and loose.
Clear limewater becomes turbid, and there are (write chemical formula) in the decomposition products of scale.
solid
cheque
② The solid is partially dissolved, and the PH value of the filtrate is about 12.
According to the above research, it is estimated that the composition of this scale includes (write the name of the substance).
Write the chemical equation of the reaction in experiment ①:
; .
47, in order to determine the content of silver nitrate in silver nitrate solution, take 20g solution in a beaker, add 5.5g hydrochloric acid (enough) to make the silver nitrate in the solution completely react, filter, wash and dry the white precipitate, and weigh 2.87g. ..
(1) Find the mass of AgNO3 in the above 20g solution.
(2) In the experimental operation, a certain amount of liquid is usually taken by measuring the volume of the liquid. It is found that the density of the above hydrochloric acid is 1. 1g/mL under the experimental conditions, so what is the volume of 5.5g hydrochloric acid used in this experiment?
45. Many substances in life are not necessarily neutral. Please judge that the following liquid with PH greater than 7 at room temperature is ().
A, lime water b, vinegar c, salt water d and orange water
Water (H2O), known as the "source of life", and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), known as the "green oxidant", are both compounds composed of hydrogen and oxygen, usually colorless liquids. On the opening day of the chemical experiment, the students in the experimental group identified two bottles of colorless liquid, water and hydrogen peroxide by the following methods. Please fill in the relevant contents:
Experimental steps, experimental phenomena and experimental conclusions
① Add two colorless liquids with the same volume into two test tubes A and B respectively.
(2) Add the same mass (small amount) of manganese dioxide into test tube A and test tube B respectively, and observe the phenomenon.
There is no obvious phenomenon in the test tube.
Bubbles are generated in the test tube.
A the colorless liquid in the test tube is:
;
B the colorless liquid in the test tube is:
;
Chemical reaction equation in (1)B test tube:
(2) How to verify the gas generated in test tube B (write down the operation steps, experimental phenomena and conclusions)?
In the process of promoting the use of "clean fuel" in China, on May 16, 2005, Shanghai Jiaotong University announced that the first city bus using dimethyl ether as fuel in China would come out, which would effectively solve the problem of black smoke from buses.
(1) It is known that the chemical formula of dimethyl ether is C2H6O, the molar mass of dimethyl ether is g/mol, and 1mol dimethyl ether contains an oxygen atom.
(2) Dimethyl ether is completely combusted in air to generate carbon dioxide and water, and the chemical equations related to the reaction are completed:
C2H6O+3 O2；
Complete combustion of 2 moles of dimethyl ether requires 1 mole of oxygen.
(3) As can be seen from the above reaction, dimethyl ether belongs to energy as well as natural gas.
Unified academic examination for junior high school graduates in Shanghai in 2005
Answers and grading standards of physics and chemistry examination papers
Chemical part
Description:
1, and the answer of this paper is 1 (unless otherwise specified).
2, material name, instrument name and concept name is wrong (including typos) don't score.
3, the chemical formula (molecular formula) in the chemical equation is wrong, do not score; There are errors in equilibrium, reaction conditions, gas or precipitation symbols, etc. , full deduction 1 min.
27. Fill in the form: (10)
P he
Hydrogen (1 hydrogen atom) +3 water molecules.
28、
Carbon monoxide aluminum hydroxide
H2SO4 BaCl2 CUSO4？ 5H2O
Seven, multiple choice questions: (10)
29 30 3 1 32 33 34 35 36 37 38
A C B D B C B D A D
8. Fill in the blanks: (10) 39,3 (or 3); 30∶5∶4( 120∶20∶ 16)
40, red; Copper sulfate+iron → ferrous sulfate+copper; The displacement reaction (or redox reaction) is 4 1, and the density is much smaller than that of air (low density); Reducibility 42,0.1%; Red; Hydrochloric acid (sulfuric acid ... reasonable average score)
Nine short answers: (10) 43, (1)CaCO3(2) filtration (3)NaCl and CaCl2 (* * * 2); Answer 1 ~ 2, and get1for each correct answer; If you answer more than two questions, each wrong one will be deducted 1 minute: Na2CO3 +2HCl →2NaCl +H2O +CO2↑ CO2 =
44.( 1) 2kClO3 2kCl+3o2 = (2) At this time, the air in the test tube is exhausted (the collected oxygen is impure).
(3) Oxygen is generated at the lowest point (4) and the oxygen volume is measured (2 points for all correct answers, 1 ~ 2 points 1 minute).
Ten, (10) 45, (1) b; (2)MgCl2 [Mg(ClO3)2] (reasonable average score)
46. Carbon dioxide; Alkali; Calcium carbonate; CaCO3 CaO+CO2↑； Carbon dioxide+calcium hydroxide → calcium carbonate ↓+H2O
47.( 1) solution: Let the mass of AgNO3 in the test solution be xg.
AgNO3+HCl →AgCl↓+HNO3 ( 1)
170 143.5
Xg 2.87g
1 70/x =143.5/2.87x = 3.4 (g) (1)
(2) 5.5/ 1. 1 = 5 (ml) (1)
A: The mass of AgNO3 in the test solution is 3.4g, and the volume of hydrochloric acid is 5ml.
Group b:
45. A.
46、H2O； H2O2 (write chemical formula or name to give points)
( 1)2H2O 2·2H2O+O2↑
(2) Put a piece of wood with Mars on the test tube mouth and rekindle it, which proves that it is oxygen (with Mars, rekindled).
47、( 1)46; 6.02× 1023
(2)CO2+3H2O[ not within the total deduction range of 1 (mass conservation)]; 6;
(3) Clean (green)