Put a beam between the two pillars, and draw a line and 5-9 paths on the beam every 50-60 cm to form a studio. This posture is called a shed.
Scaffolding can be divided into inclined scaffolding and horizontal scaffolding. Commonly used scaffolding includes small scaffolding and large scaffolding. The shelf length or row spacing below 6 meters is called a small shed.
Generally, the slope shed is planted with grapes in the north-south direction, with a spacing of 0.7 ~ 1 m, and a row of columns (frame roots and front columns) are planted in the north-south direction, with a height of1.2 ~1.5m; The distance from the first row is 4 ~ 6 meters, the height of the columns in the second row (frame tip and rear column) is about 2 meters, and the beam length (frame length) is 4 ~ 6 meters; Columns can also be erected in the row, with a spacing of 2 ~ 3 meters. Generally, the shelf surface is low in the south and high in the north, the grape spacing is 1 ~ 1.5m, and the main vine spacing is 40 ~ 50 cm. Pruning method of single dragon trunk was adopted, and a fruiting mother branch was left on the main vine every 30 cm. Multi-main vine fan pruning can also be used.
The main vines formed in the shed are short and easy to adjust the tree potential. Early stable production can be achieved through timely shaping. After the update, the tree potential recovers quickly; Because the frame is short, it is convenient to remove branches and vines from the frame, so it is widely used in various places. The disadvantage is that it is easy to shade between rows, the deciduous vines under the plants are exposed, and the area of cold-proof soil is increased. Large scaffolding is suitable for large fertilizer and water management level, and is planted in old grape producing areas and courtyards, suitable for small number of old grapes and high-yield varieties. Because there is no need to bury soil in the facility to prevent cold, planting 1 row at one time along both sides of the facility according to the span of the greenhouse to form a single-slope or roof-type double-slope shed.
In recent years, with the development of rain-proof cultivation in multi-span plastic greenhouses, various places have actively tried horizontal scaffolding and implemented X-shaped or H-shaped pruning methods, and achieved good results.
Horizontal scaffolding is generally 2.0 ~ 2. 1 m high and the column spacing is 4 ~ 5m. The side column is 12cm× 12cm or 12cm× 14cm thick. The corner column is 15cm× 15cm or (15 ~ 20) cm× (15 ~ 20) cm. The middle column is 8 cm× 8 cm thick or 10 cm× 10 cm, which can be reinforced with 8 # iron wire. The height of the column is 240 ~ 260 cm. The stress of horizontal scaffolding is mainly on corner columns and side columns, and the corner columns and side columns must be obliquely buried with anchor stones. The standard horizontal scaffold adopts twisted 10 iron wire as bone line, and draws all cement columns into vertically crossed bone lines, and then draws 10 single line into a net according to the warp and weft spacing of 50 cm ×50 cm. In recent years, many newly-built horizontal scaffolding mostly use No.8 or 10 single line as bone line and 12 or 10 line as warp (no weft). The strength of steel strand with corresponding thickness is better.
Horizontal scaffolding is more suitable for large, flat and tidy gardens. The branches and leaves of the horizontal grid are horizontally distributed on the horizontal grid, so the planting direction is arbitrary. However, it is generally required that the direction of vines is opposite to the harmful wind direction in the local growth period to prevent strong winds from blowing off new buds. Each row of grapevines should not overlap, and a light passage of 0.5 ~ 1.5m should be left. Suitable for cultivation in facilities with evenly distributed branches and vines.
The main pole of the horizontal trellis is high, well ventilated, and the occurrence of pests and diseases is relatively light. The grape ears are all under the branches and vines and are not easy to burn; However, pruning, secondary tip treatment and fruit thinning and bagging in winter must be done by hand in the air, even stepping on a stool, which is labor-intensive and inefficient.
(2) scaffolding cultivation, shaping and pruning
(1) shaping and pruning when planting. Choose high quality and strong seedlings. According to the row spacing of planting plants, the scaffold is shaped like a dragon trunk or an H-shape. After the seedlings are planted, they should be erected, tied and tied in time, and the main vines should be selected (each main vine has a spacing of 0.6 ~ 0.8 meters). When the main vine length is about 1 m, the secondary branch length is about 0.8 m, and the secondary branch leaves 5 leaves. In the first year of pruning in winter, the main vine can be left until the mature node, and the mature thick branches can be left for a long time, so as to enter the full fruit stage as soon as possible. Remove all tendrils from the new buds in time.
② Pruning in the second year. In the second year, the main branches should be kept, and 3-4 fruiting mother branches can be selected appropriately for each plant, and attention should be paid to controlling secondary branches. The secondary branch can keep 6-7 leaves for coring, and the secondary branch can keep 2 leaves for repeated coring. When the new shoot length of the main spreading branch reaches 1 m, it will be pitted to slow down its growth and become more substantial, and a secondary branch at the top will be selected as an extension branch to continue its growth.
③ Pruning of adult trees. After two years of growth, the shelf surface has been basically covered, laying a good foundation for high yield in the future.
After entering the full fruit stage, the pruning method is basically the same as that of open field cultivation.
Properly managed, it can keep high and stable yield for 20 ~ 30 years.
(3) Advantages of scaffolding cultivation
Compared with hedge cultivation, shed cultivation has the advantages of convenient management, early fruit ripening and improved quality.
The early fruit yield and leaf curtain area per unit land area of hedgerow cultivation are larger than those of shed cultivation, which shows that hedgerow cultivation has the characteristics of strong growth potential, rapid leaf curtain formation and high space utilization rate, and has the foundation of early high yield. In the early stage of trellis cultivation, the utilization rate of land and shelf surface is low and the yield is low. Other cash crops can be planted at the young age of grapes to increase economic income.
Grapes in greenhouse are easy to be infected with diseases in high humidity environment. Because the shed is high from the ground, the ventilation effect is better than that of the hedge, which can reduce the occurrence of diseases. Scaffolding is easier to manage than hedges, forming a reasonable shelf surface. Reasonable shelf management is one of the main measures to prevent diseases, which can adjust the microclimate of leaf curtains, ensure the reasonable load of trees and ensure the vigorous growth of trees.