Defects of the bridge of the nose, such as low flatness, depression, excessive width, wave shape, nose tip collapse, etc., can be corrected by inserting a prosthesis. This corrective operation is called rhinoplasty.
The collapse of the bridge of the nose is medically called saddle nose. Most of them are caused by heredity, and a few people are caused by trauma and other factors. Medical surgery to correct saddle nose is mainly rhinoplasty, that is, filling artificial nose bridge at the tip of nose bridge to raise the nose bridge. Saddle nose can be divided into light, medium and heavy degrees according to the severity: degree ⅰ means that the bridge of the nose is low and the nose edge has a certain height; The second degree is obvious depression of nasal dorsum or destruction of nasal septum cartilage; The third degree is that the back of the nose is seriously depressed, and the cartilage and nasal mucosa of the nasal septum are deformed. Rhinoplasty is only effective for degree I and degree II saddle nose. In principle, 18-year-old patients with type I and II saddle nose can receive rhinoplasty as long as they request.
At present, the rhinoplasty material used is medical special polymer silica gel, which looks like pure white rubber, has flexible texture, is similar to human cartilage, is easy to cut and shape, and is very suitable for nose bridge. Silica gel has been used as rhinoplasty material for more than 20 years. Long-term clinical application has proved that silica gel has stable performance and will not deteriorate and deform after long-term storage in human tissues. When some people take out the old prosthesis because they want to change the shape of the nose again, they find that the surface of the prosthesis turns yellow or remains unchanged. So why does silica gel turn yellow in human body? Is it aging?
The research shows that silicone rubber has two characteristics: hydrophobicity and fat solubility. After silicone rubber was implanted in human body for 2-3 months, the hydrophobicity completely disappeared and the fat-soluble effect was enhanced. The surface of silicone rubber prosthesis begins to be colored, and the colored part is softer than the uncolored part. With the passage of time, the pigment gradually deepened and turned yellow, and penetrated deeply. This phenomenon is the result of fat solubility, which is different from aging and hardening. Some people may think, how many years will silicone prosthesis age and harden in the human body? This question is difficult to answer now, because this material has not been widely used for a long time, and no obvious aging phenomenon has been found so far.
An important factor that silicone rubber for rhinoplasty will not deform after being implanted into human body is the non-adhesion between silicone rubber and tissue, which means that silicone rubber and human tissue will never grow into a whole. Within 1-2 weeks after operation, a thin fibrous tissue membrane will be formed around the implanted silicone rubber to tightly wrap the prosthesis. After about a month, the silicone rubber prosthesis will be fixed very firmly, and it will not move even if it is generally hit. However, a prosthesis is an implant after all. Under normal circumstances, there is a gap of 100-200A between the tissue capsule and the prosthesis, and the gap is filled with interstitial fluid, which has a protective effect on the tissue. However, when the external force strikes repeatedly and forcefully, the gap may become bigger and even produce inflammation and suppuration, so it is generally not recommended for some people who are vulnerable to trauma to do rhinoplasty, such as boxers. If ordinary patients can't have a strong lump in their nose within two weeks after operation, the expected effect of the operation can be achieved.
The manufacture of prosthesis is the key to the operation, and it is the basis of successful operation to make a prosthesis with harmonious face, appropriate thickness and width and clear outline for the patient. The principle of rhinoplasty is to make a natural and beautiful nose and try not to leave any traces of deliberate production. The increase or decrease of prosthesis thickness can make the height of nose change subtly. If you want a higher nose, the prosthesis can be thicker, but it must not be too much, because the face of China people is not as three-dimensional as that of Europeans and Americans, and it will be unnatural to be too high. It is also important to determine the height of the tip of the nose, the width and radian of the bridge of the nose, which should be coordinated with the facial contour and temperament of people to form a straight and smooth appearance.
After the rhinoplasty prosthesis is completed, the operation is actually relatively simple. First, the nose is anesthetized locally, and then a small incision of 2-3mm is made at the upper part of one nasal cavity entrance. Because the part with nasal hair in the incision is not visible after operation, the scar can disappear after one month, and patients don't have to worry about the problem of surgical scar. After skin incision, a tunnel-like cavity was separated at a certain depth under the skin, and then the fabricated prosthesis was inserted into the cavity. After the position was normal and the shape was satisfactory, the wound was sutured with 1-2 stitches.
After the operation, in order to keep the prosthesis in place, some people's external noses must be properly fixed. The suture site should be removed on the sixth day after operation, and external fixation can be maintained for two weeks if conditions permit. After two weeks, the prosthesis gradually fixed.
There is almost no pain during the operation because of anesthesia, and there will be no special abnormal feeling after the operation.
Rhinoplasty is an outpatient operation, and the operation time is about 10 minutes. You can go home after operation without hospitalization. The surgical incision is usually in the nostril and will not leave any marks on the outside. The stitches are removed in 5-7 days, and can be completely restored to nature after 3 months. After rhinoplasty, as long as there is no infection and rejection, you can see the effect of rhinoplasty after taking out the artificial nose bridge, and there will be no adverse consequences.