Bougainvillea is a southern flower. When cultivated in the north, it is necessary to avoid rain and ensure flowering. In the middle and late April, the lowest ambient temperature at night is about 10 degrees Celsius, cutting propagation is carried out, after about two months of management, it is transplanted into a flowerpot for open field cultivation, and it overwinters in the middle and late October. After overwintering management, bougainvillea, which has grown for more than two years, can be used for flower promotion and flowering management. At this time, it is necessary to do a good job of small watering, large watering, pruning and fertilization to ensure flowering. From the end of 10 to the beginning of10/0, when the lowest ambient temperature outside the shed at night is 5- 10 degrees Celsius, all bougainvillea should be moved into the shed for overwintering management. The specific culture techniques are as follows:

1. Selection of planting soil for bougainvillea

Culture soil consists of loam, cow dung, humus and sand. When used, add appropriate amount of bone meal. During cultivation, bougainvillea should be planted upright, filled with culture soil and watered. In the process of cultivation, you should always pick the core and form a clump of dwarf plants. You can also set up a bracket to let it climb up.

Families can use the following soil formula: garden soil: humus soil: sand = 5: 3: 2; Peat soil: humus soil: sand: perlite =5:2:2: 1.

2. A watering method for cultivating bougainvillea

Bougainvillea has a great demand for water, especially in midsummer. Lack of water is easy to cause defoliation and affect growth and flowering. Therefore, water should be watered twice a day in summer flowering period, with water sprayed in the morning and 1 time after 4 pm; After flowers wither, watering can be reduced appropriately, and too much soil moisture will cause fallen leaves and rotten roots; Control watering in winter, don't water the basin soil. However, water should be limited 4-5 weeks before bougainvillea blooms, that is, watering 1 time, and then watering after the leaves or buds droop, which is beneficial to the differentiation and formation of flower buds.

Triangle flowers like wet soil and are afraid of water stains. In spring, with the acceleration of growth potential, it is necessary to water it every day, and often sprinkle water on its leaves and surroundings to increase air humidity. If the air humidity is insufficient, it is easy to fall leaves. There are many bougainvillea flowers and leaves, which consume a lot of water in summer. It is best to water the soil once every morning and evening to keep the soil moist, and increase the number of sprinklers on its leaves and surrounding areas. Keep the soil moist after the temperature is cool in autumn. In late autumn, winter and early spring, when the temperature is low (about 65438 00℃), there is less water, which makes the soil in the basin dry. However, if the indoor temperature is kept above 15℃, it is necessary to water more to make the basin soil moist.

3. A fertilization method for bougainvillea cultivation

Bougainvillea likes fertilizer. After the weather gets warmer in spring, nitrogen fertilizer 1 time every/kloc-0 ~ 1 5 days, cake fertilizer1time every week during the growing period, and phosphorus fertilizer several times during the flowering period. Reduce the amount of fertilization after cooling in autumn and stop fertilization in winter.

Stop fertilizing when the temperature is cool in autumn. Do not apply fertilizer when the temperature is low in late autumn, winter and early spring. However, if the temperature is above 15℃, the mixed liquid fertilizer can be applied every other month 1 time. Bougainvillea is very sensitive to urea, and if it is not properly fertilized, it may lead to the phenomenon that leaves are flourishing and flowers are few, so it is necessary to be particularly cautious when applying urea. Spring is the vegetative growth period of bougainvillea, and urea can be applied once per kloc-0/week. This can not only supplement the consumption of plants after flowering, but also promote the growth of new branches and lay a good foundation for reproductive growth.

Dilute liquid fertilizer should be applied in summer, and 0.2% ~ 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be used as foliar topdressing when conditions permit, every half month 1 time. At the initial stage of flower branch growth, it is still necessary to apply 1 times urea to facilitate flower branch growth.

4. Requirements of light and temperature for bougainvillea cultivation

The suitable temperature for bougainvillea growth is 20 ~ 30℃, and it is easy to freeze and shed leaves when the temperature is lower than 5℃ in winter.

Bougainvillea likes light, and insufficient light in the growing season will lead to weak growth and affect flowering. In winter, it should be placed in a bright place, and the light should not be less than 8 hours a day, otherwise a large number of leaves will easily appear.

5. Matters needing attention in bougainvillea cultivation

(1) Bougainvillea is a light-loving plant. Whether it is planted in a pot or in the ground, it should be sunny. The plants treated by strong light have short internodes, full growth, many flowers, dark color and long flowering period. Insufficient light will cause the growth of new branches to be weak, the leaves will be dim, and there will be few or no flowers.

(2) Rectangular or oval purple sand pottery pots or glazed pottery pots are mostly used in bougainvillea bonsai, and the color should not be too deep to set off the gorgeous color of bougainvillea bracts. Potted soil should be mixed with humus-rich, loose and well-drained nutrient soil, and potted soil should be placed in spring when the temperature is relatively stable.

(3) After the temperature is cool in autumn, it can reduce the supply of water and fertilizer, make the basin soil moist and ensure sufficient illumination. When the temperature drops to about 10℃, people should be moved to a sunny place indoors or a sunny place on a closed balcony for cultivation. Because the indoor air humidity is low, water should be sprayed on its blades and surroundings frequently to increase the air humidity.

(4) Bougainvillea is not cold-resistant, and leaves will fall when the temperature is below 7℃ in winter. But leaves fall in winter, and will grow again after the temperature rises in spring, but the growth is not good. Therefore, it is best to keep the indoor temperature around 10℃ in winter. In winter, bougainvillea should be placed on the sunny windowsill, and different water and fertilizer management should be carried out according to different temperatures. Spray several times a day to improve the air humidity.

6. Pruning method of bougainvillea cultivation

The leaves and flowers of bougainvillea fall off a lot during flowering, so they need pruning after flowering. Potted plants are often cut into round-headed crowns or bundles, which require many branches and dense flowers to form gorgeous crowns. The ground planting needs to set up a bracket to climb on the shelf. You should always pluck your heart from the new branches. After changing pots, prune some over-dense branches, over-flourishing branches, dead branches and moth-eaten branches to promote more new branches. Pick the core from July to August, control the growth, promote the formation of flower buds and bloom vigorously. 5 ~ 6-year-old plants need to be cut short or pruned again 1 time.

7. A propagation method of bougainvillea cultivation

The propagation of bougainvillea mainly adopts cutting propagation, and the varieties that are not easy to take root by cutting can adopt grafting or high pressure propagation.

Cutting propagation: Generally, after flowering from June to July, mature semi-lignified branches with a length of 10 ~ 15 cm are cut, inserted into sand beds or spray seedbeds, and take root at 2L ~ 25℃ and relative humidity of 80% ~ 90% for about 1 month.

8. Flowering control of bougainvillea cultivation

The flowering period is mainly regulated by controlling water and promoting flowering. Select individuals with full crown and moderate growth, apply 1 growth fertilizer half a month in advance, and then start to control water. Generally, after 2 ~ 3 days, the leaves will wither and droop due to lack of water. At this time, spray water to protect the blades and keep the surface of the basin soil moist. After 2 ~ 4 weeks, loosen soil, water and fertilize, and keep it moist, supplemented by proper pruning, and then it can be transferred to normal management. When there are lateral branches in the leaf axils of branches, if you see thorns in the leaf axils and new branches with buds at the top, you will succeed. Of course, in order to make bougainvillea bloom all year round, it is necessary to adjust the light and temperature and apply sufficient fertilizer.

Bougainvillea is a short-day plant. If it wants to bloom on the National Day, it can be shaded from the beginning of August, that is, 40 to 50 days in advance, and the plant can be placed in a dark room. Shading must be strict, and light leakage will not achieve the effect. Shading lasts for 45 days from 5 pm to 8 am the next day. When the room temperature is high, water should be sprinkled on the ground to cool down. During shading, add 0.2% ~ 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer 1 time every week.