How to graft camellia 1. Camellia grafting time:
In order to improve the survival rate of grafting, it is necessary to graft in the period when the rootstock absorbs water and nutrients vigorously, usually from May to September. According to the experiment, June-July is the best grafting time. At this time, the temperature is suitable, the camellia scion has lignified, the transplanted rootstock seedlings have survived, and the grafting survival rate can reach 90 {BF}.
Second, the grafting method of camellia:
1, peeling grafting method: this method is suitable for use when the rootstock can be peeled in summer and autumn, with high survival rate and fast crown formation, and it is the main method of tree grafting. It is widely used for grafting Camellia oleifera forest from low to high, or grafting Camellia species in Camellia oleifera forest to establish Camellia resource forest, and grafting Camellia oleifera or other camellia trees to make Camellia pile landscape. In the part to be grafted, cut 2 knives in parallel, reaching the xylem, with a length of about 3cm and a width of 0.3~0.5cm depending on the thickness of the scion, and then cross-cut 1 knife, and pick up the bark to make the incision H-shaped. Take a scion of 1 leaf belt 1 bud, about 2.5cm long, cut the wood opposite the petiole into a long flat mouth, peel off the lines on both sides of the flat mouth with a blade, embed the scion into the incision of the rootstock, and wrap it tightly, leaving only the petiole and axillary buds. Then wrap the whole grafting part with transparent film, leaving a space of 3-5 cm inside to form a moisturizing cover.
2. Triangular embedding method: This method can be used when the bark is not easy to peel off in spring, and it is suitable for grafting large rootstocks, with fast bamboo shoots, early crown formation and smooth grafting healing. Using Camellia oleifera stump to make Camellia oleifera bonsai is very suitable, but the operating technical requirements are slightly higher. Cut off the rootstock at the grafting site, and cut the cutting surface of the rootstock into triangular grooves with a sharp knife, which are about 2.5cm long and the width depends on the thickness of the scion. Take a scion of 1 leaf 1 bud, about 3cm long, and cut it into a corresponding convex triangle from the petiole. Insert the scion into the slot of the rootstock, so that the two sides are closely combined and the interface is closely combined. Then cover the scion and grafting part with plastic bags to form a moisturizing cover. After the bud head of the scion germinates, it is gradually loosened until the moisturizing mask is removed.
3. Softwood grafting: refers to the grafting of semi-lignified scion branches on new branches of non-lignified rootstocks, generally by split grafting. Then cover the scion and grafting part with two layers of plastic bags, and cover the outside with kraft paper bags to keep out the strong light. Gradually remove paper bags and plastic bags after survival. This grafting method is the main method for grafting Camellia oleifera seedlings or cultivating multiple varieties of Camellia oleifera with thick cambium, fast healing and high survival rate.
4. Water cutting grafting method: The advantage of this method is that it is easy to manage and suitable for home cultivation of camellia. This method is also often used when grafting camellia with old piles to make bonsai. The cutting and embedding of rootstock scion is basically the same as triangle grafting, but the difference is that the whole branch is used as scion in water cutting grafting, which is 8~ 15cm long, and the lower end of scion is exposed 3~5cm after the interface is bandaged. Fix the rootstock with a small glass bottle filled with water, and insert the lower end of the scion into the water bottle. After the scion is healed and germinated, take out the water bottle and cut off the lower part of the scion.
Third, the management of camellia after:
1, clustering: the healing situation should be observed in time 20 ~ 30 days after grafting. For the healed plants, the original trunk of the rootstock should be sawed off with a small saw at the scion 2~3cm and kept downward. In general, the trunk should not be cut off immediately, because the scion can no longer absorb nutrients, so some trunks can continue to absorb water and nutrients for the growth of the scion. After 70 days, the axillary buds of the scion begin to germinate, and at this time, all the trunk can be cut off.
2. Loosening: After the axillary bud of the scion grows, the sealed and wrapped film can be loosened. About 20 days, cut off the tight bandage to make it grow and develop normally.
3. sprouting: there are many sprouting branches on the grafted rootstock with high rootstock, which grow fast, so it must be pulled out in time, otherwise it will affect the growth of the scion, resulting in slow plant growth and withered and dry plants. In addition to germination, it is necessary to wait until the scion growth is dominant.
4. Shaping: After the grafting survives, it should be properly shaped. According to the needs of camellia tree shape and branch position, it should be bound with ropes for directional shaping.