Hui people: descendants of Persia (present-day Iran) and Arab merchants.
Hui nationality is the most widely distributed minority in China. In the middle of the 7th century, a large number of Persian and Arab businessmen came to China coastal cities such as Guangzhou and Quanzhou by sea and land, and settled in Chang 'an and Kaifeng in the mainland. /kloc-In the 3rd century, the Mongolian army went west, and a large number of Central Asian Muslims (commonly known as Muslims) moved to China, mainly Central Asian immigrants, Persians and Arabs who believed in Islam. Later, they absorbed ethnic elements such as Han, Mongolian and Uygur, and gradually formed a unified nation-Hui.
Manchu:
Manchu ancestors have a long history with more than 6,800 years of archaeological evidence. 1972, the archaeological team of China discovered it in the Xingkai Lake area adjacent to Russia. In the Neolithic Age more than 6800 years ago, Su Shenren lived here. They made a living by fishing and hunting, established a large-scale fishing village, formed a paternal group, and created labor tools such as stone axes, stone chisels and bone fishing gear. Archaeological discoveries include the eagle head "Haidongqing" carved with bones, the totem "Fish God" carved with horse antlers, and pottery made of sand.
From the Han Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms, Su Shen, the Manchu ancestor, was also called Lou Ren. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, people were called unlucky. Don't take any chances, it is the sound of "Woji" in Jurchen language, but it means "forest". The ancestors of Manchu in Sui and Tang Dynasties were also called cymbals. During Song and Liao Dynasties, Jurchen in Liao Dynasty was divided into two parts. The south of Kaiyuan (now Kaiyuan, Liaoning) is called "mature jurchen" and the north of Kaiyuan is called "born jurchen". /kloc-at the beginning of the 0/2 century, the Jurchen Wanyan Department rose. After Akuta, its leader, unified some tribes of Jurchen, he became emperor in115, with the title of Daikin and its capital in Beijing (now Acheng, Heilongjiang Province). /kloc-In the 20th century, Mongols in northern China rose, established a vast Yuan Dynasty and unified China. Jurchen was placed under the rule of the Yuan Dynasty.
Jurchen is divided into three parts: Jianzhou Jurchen, Haixi Jurchen and Savage Jurchen. Nurhachi's ancestors belonged to Jianzhou Jurchen. According to the Records of the Qing Emperor Taizu, "All ministries claim to be kings for power and profit, killing each other, even killing each other, bullying the weak, and the masses are violent." Disputes between ministries and commissions continue, and vendettas continue. Therefore, it is not only a strong requirement for the social and economic development of the Jurchen to unify the ministries, but also a strong requirement for the development of the Jurchen nation.
It was in this situation that Nurhachi, the leader of Jianzhou Nurhachi, started the great cause of national reunification, absorbed some other ethnic groups in northern China, formed the Manchu * * * body, and completed the construction from tribe to country.
Mongolian:
Mongols are nomadic people from the grasslands of Central Asia. They are brave fighters, defeated every enemy on the pasture and invaded the developed civilizations in the east and south. Since the13rd century, Mongolian tribes have been waging foreign wars after reunification. Following the footsteps of their ancestors, Huns, thousands of years ago, Mongols opened up an unprecedented empire. Because it causes a lot of death and destruction everywhere, it is regarded as "the devil's cavalry".
Mongolian people live in the southern plain of Lake Baikal in Mongolia today. At its peak, their empire started from South Korea in the east, crossed the Asian border and directly invaded Russian land in Europe, as far as the Baltic Sea coast. They occupied most of Asia Minor, part of today's Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India and Myanmar, and part of China and Viet Nam.
/kloc-At the beginning of the 3rd century, Genghis Khan unified the Mongolian tribes. Genghis Khan is also called Genghis Khan (meaning the most powerful ruler). His ambition is to rule all the land in the ocean (Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean), and this goal has almost been achieved. At first, he had only about 25,000 soldiers. Later, by conquering other nomadic peoples, it strengthened its own strength and attacked northern China in 12 1 1. He captured Beiping in 12 15 and killed 30 million people in China. Later, the Mongols turned to the west and seized Bukhara, the largest trading city on the Silk Road, in 1220. The whole city was razed to the ground and the residents were massacred.
Genghis Khan died in 1227, and his son Kushluk completed the conquest of northern China and continued to advance to Europe. 1240 attack Kiev, attack Hungary. Kushluk died on the journey in 124 1, forcing the army to turn back immediately to solve the inheritance problem. When Mongolian rulers concentrated their military forces in the Middle East and China, Europe could take a rest. Xu Liewu, the grandson of Genghis Khan, wiped out the Muslim "assassin" and captured the Muslim capital Baghdad in 1258, killing100000 houses in the city. 1260, Egyptian Arab slave soldiers (senior slave soldiers, a kind of Muslim army) defeated the Mongols in today's Israel, ending the threat of the Mongols to Islam and the Holy City.
Kublai Khan is another grandson of Genghis Khan. 1279 completely occupied China and established the Yuan Dynasty. 1274 and 128 1 tried to invade Japan twice, but the fleet was overturned by the monsoon and suffered heavy losses. 1294, Kublai Khan died in China. Since then, the Mongolian regime has declined in Asia and other regions. 1368, the Yuan Dynasty in China was overthrown by the Ming Dynasty.
In A.D. 1370, a warrior of Turkish and Mongolian descent claimed to be a descendant of Genghis Khan and fought for Mongolia's leadership in Central Asia in an attempt to restore the Mongolian empire. This man's name is Tim Mullen (meaning "tumor" Tim Mu, Europeans call him Timur, and Asians call him Prince of Destruction). He swept Russia and Persia with an army of100000 cavalry, with Muslims as the main target. 1398, plundering Delhi and slaughtering local residents100000 people. Then he went to the west and defeated the Arab slave soldiers in Egypt in Syria. 1402 defeated a large number of Ottoman Turkish troops near Ankara today, but then turned back. 1405, he launched an army to invade China, but died in the same year. He likes to plunder wealth and launch mass killings, but during his reign, he did not consider establishing a stable government. So after his death, the vast land inherited and divided by his sons soon fell apart.
Mongolia has a long history, and the title of Mongolia was first seen in the Tang Dynasty, when it was only the name of one of many tribes in Mongolia. The tribe originated on the east bank of the Ergon River, and then gradually migrated to the west. Tribes compete to plunder population, livestock and wealth, forming an endless tribal war. /kloc-At the beginning of the third century, Genghis Khan unified the Mongolian tribes and established a unified Mongolian aristocratic regime. 12 19 westward, expanding its territory to central Asia and southern Russia. 127 1, the Mongolian number was changed to yuan. 1279, the Southern Song Dynasty perished and China was unified. The Yuan Dynasty perished in 1368. Since the Yuan Dynasty, Mongolian people have made great contributions to China's politics, military affairs, economy, science and technology, astronomical calendar, culture, art and medicine.
Korean:
At the end of 17, Koreans began to migrate from the Korean peninsula to the northeast of China. Especially after 1869 famine in the northern part of the Korean peninsula, a large number of Koreans moved to Yanbian and other places. 19 10, the Japanese annexed the Korean peninsula, and a large number of Koreans moved to the northeast of China.
Most of the Korean ancestors in China moved from the Korean Peninsula to the northeast of China in the 1970s, and some of them settled in the northeast in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. For example, the Korean surnamed Park in Linjiagou Village, Gaixian County, Liaoning Province, has lived there for more than 300 years. 193 1 year later, under the colonial rule and forced assimilation policy of Japanese imperialism, a large number of Koreans moved to the northeast of China. After they settled in the northeast of China, they gradually developed into ethnic minorities in contemporary China.