① Solitary planting: Camellia is planted in a green environment, especially on the lawn, using different natural tree shapes.
② Group planting: Use the natural tree shape of camellia to plant in groups of three or five to highlight the landscape effect of camellia.
(3) Artificial shaping: Camellia can also be used for ornamental purposes through artificial shaping. For example, camellia can be pruned and shaped into spherical, umbrella-shaped, cylindrical crown, camellia espalier-shaped, and lying on the ground, so that camellia can crawl and grow on the ground. ?
Espalier is widely used in western Europe and North America, that is, camellia is planted outside the sunny and warm wall, and a climbing wall frame is attached, so that the branches of camellia rise along the wall and then cover the wall, which is quite spectacular. ?
④ Bonsai modeling: The old pile of dwarf camellia is used, with tea plums as the majority. According to the bonsai modeling method, with water stones, it is lovely and chic. It can also be grafted with old piles, which can be accelerated and colorful. The production of camellia bonsai depends on artistic conception. Camellia bonsai skillfully deals with the vertical stems, top nodes and exposed roots of natural camellia seedlings through human conception to express the feeling of stretching, unrestrained and chic. To make bonsai with camellia sinensis seedlings, we should choose camellia sinensis seedlings with tall and straight posture, plump posture, complete tree shape, bending trunk and branches, and basically clear hierarchy, and give priority to trunk treatment, then branch and top treatment, and finally expose the roots. The trunk is processed into a curved and dry shape. In production, according to the trend of seedling materials, decisive pruning and plastic arts are adopted, and when dealing with branches, the main branches with foil function are left. Topping is the main part of dynamic performance, so we should pay special attention to it. In the process of branching, the tree must be symmetrical, the weight should be restrained and the length should be reasonable. In the overall layout of stump bonsai, we should adhere to the artistic means of highlighting density, reality, exposure, echo, coincidence and thickness harmony.
⑤ Flower arrangement and cut flowers: Camellia is a good material for flower arrangement and cut flowers. Long flowering period, rich colors and flower shapes, and smooth leaves. According to written records, China listed tea as a vase flower material for flower decoration in the Ming Dynasty, and Japan should have been influenced by China. Nowadays, the cultivation of camellia is quite common. With the improvement of people's living standards, the use of camellia cut flowers will be more and more extensive. Camellia can form the theme of the spring flower show and is very popular. Hangzhou, Kunming, Dali, Chengdu, Wenzhou and other places have agreed to become a custom, and camellia has also become the theme of the annual flower show. Flower shows usually choose venues that are conducive to camellia exhibitions, mainly potted flowers, organize exhibitions in indoor and outdoor exhibition areas, and hold camellia academic conferences. ?
In the research departments of plants or horticulture at home and abroad, in the relevant garden scenic spots, special gardens of Camellia plants are often set up according to the conditions, which are used for the taxonomy, ecology and horticulture research of Camellia plants, and most of them have the function of opening exhibitions. ?
The alpine tea garden of Kunming Institute of Botany was founded by the older generation of botanists such as Dexun, Cai and Feng, and it is a famous alpine tea garden in China. There are many varieties, high age and large scale. Recently, the alpine tea garden in the Garden Botanical Garden planned and designed by Chen, a senior engineer of Kunming Bureau of Landscape Architecture, has a larger scale. Under the leadership and efforts of Director Pan Guanghua and Director zhu huaxin, it has become a first-class Yunnan mountain tea garden. There are a large number of private mountain tea gardens in the ancient city of Dali, among which Yang Yongfu's Yangjiayuan and its neighboring Zhao Jia Garden are the most famous, and the latter has been transformed into Dali camellia variety base by the author in 1986. ?
In East China, there are many kinds of camellias and camellias in mountain tea gardens in Hangzhou Botanical Garden, subtropical forestry research institute of Chinese Academy of Forestry in Fuyang, Zhejiang, Nanchang Forestry Institute in Jiangxi and Changsha Forestry Institute in Hunan, as well as tea gardens in Wenzhou and international camellia species garden in Juma Township, Jinhua.
Camellia japonica protected areas and variety gardens established in Nanning, Guilin and other places in Guangxi are also quite large. Etiology and symptoms The disease is caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides which infects camellia sinensis. This is the main disease of camellia, with an incidence rate of 33%. Symptoms mostly appear at the leaf margin, tip and both sides of veins. Dark green stripes begin to appear, and then gradually expand into irregular categories, and the color changes from brown to black, which can spread to the whole leaf in severe cases, causing a large number of fallen leaves.
The occurrence of the disease is closely related to temperature and air temperature. Generally speaking, the suitable temperature for onset is 25 ~ 28℃. When the temperature is suitable and the humidity increases, especially when it rains continuously, it can promote the spread and development of diseases. It usually occurs in April, peaks in June and July, and tends to stop after September. ?
Prevention and treatment methods ① Thoroughly remove diseased leaves. (2) Cut off diseased branches in winter. ③ Spray 1% Bordeaux mixture every half month before the onset of the disease every year. ④ Spraying with 600 times chlorothalonil aqueous solution, once a week 1 time, 3 ~ 4 times in a row. ⑤ Strengthen cultivation management and scientifically weed and fertilize. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be added in spring, and 0. 15% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution can be sprayed before the leaves are unfolded. Etiology and symptoms The disease is caused by rusty algae (Chlorella). Lesions can appear on both sides of the leaf, but mainly on the leaf. At first, it was a needle-like gray-green dot, and then it gradually expanded radially outward, forming an approximate round or irregular lesion. The lesion is obviously raised and there are thin strips of felt on the surface. The color of the lesion changed from gray-green to dark brown in the later stage. Because of the cover of pathogens, the photosynthesis of leaves is affected, so the growth of camellia plants is weak. ?
Pathogenesis Regularity Rust algae overwinter in parasitic tissues as filamentous vegetative bodies, produce zoospores under wet conditions, invade new plants, and make them sick. The pathogen is a very weak parasite. Under the condition of high temperature and high temperature, the disease of Camellia oleifera forest is the most serious, because of poor ventilation and light transmission and poor growth. ?
Prevention and control methods ① Strengthen cultivation management, apply fertilizer rationally and prune in time, so as to avoid the forest land of Camellia oleifera being too shady and ventilated, and improve the resistance of Camellia oleifera. ② 0.2% ~ 0.5% copper sulfate solution can be sprayed for control. Etiology and symptoms: diseases caused by infection of tender or old branches of camellia by pathogenic fungi (Glomerella cingulata). The damaged branches are necrotic, the leaves turn from green to yellow, gradually dry and fall off from top to bottom, and finally the whole branches wither and die. ?
The occurrence of the disease is that with the increase of temperature in spring, the whole pile of pathogens overwintering on dead trees gradually matures, floats to nearby camellia branches with the wind, and invades tea trees from new buds, twig wounds, leaf scars, grafting or pruning wounds. , and multiply a lot. ?
Prevention and control methods ① Cut off diseased dead branches in winter and burn them centrally. ② Remove useless adventitious buds and weak branches to reduce the growth places of pathogenic bacteria. ③ Isolation and maintenance of diseased plants. ④ Before the camellia plants germinate and sprout, spray them with fungicides such as thiophanate-methyl, thiram and chlorothalonil. In particular, ensure that it is sprayed on the wound part of the branch. ⑤ Apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and less nitrogen fertilizer. Etiology and symptoms The disease is caused by a variety of pathogenic fungi, the most common of which are Phytophthora cinnamomi, Rhizoctonia suis and Armillaria mellea, which mainly infect the roots of camellia. The roots of the affected plants rotted and turned black, the leaves turned yellow, the tips of the leaves died, the buds fell off, and the plants gradually withered and died. ?
Pathogens overwinter in soil or diseased plants with sclerotia. In the following spring, when the temperature and humidity are suitable, sclerotia germinates and spreads in the soil and invades the roots of plants. The higher the temperature, the higher the incidence. ?
Prevention and control methods ① Dig out the diseased plant and its nearby soil in time, and disinfect the soil around the diseased plant with 1% copper sulfate solution to prevent the spread of germs. (2) Keep the soil well drained to prevent water accumulation in the cultivation area. ③ Selecting camellia varieties with strong disease resistance for cultivation. Etiology and symptoms The disease is caused by fungi belonging to the genus Phyllanthus. Most of the lesions occurred on the tender leaves, which were initially light brown round waterlogged spots. Later, the lesion spread and the color changed from light brown to brown. Sometimes, multiple diseases combine into larger patches or spread all over the leaves, causing a large number of leaves to wither and fall off. ?
Pathogenic law Pathogens live on the diseased remains of the host, and spores spread through wind, rain and running water. The disease generally begins in May, and peaks in July-September, and a large number of damaged leaves are falling off. ?
Prevention and control methods ① At the initial stage of the disease, 70% thiophanate-methyl 1 000 ~ 1 500 times solution or 25% sterilization Dan 400 times solution can be sprayed for prevention and control. (2) In case of drought, foliar water spraying can be increased to inhibit the occurrence of diseases. Etiology and symptoms This disease is caused by the infection of petals by Basidiomycetes camelliae. The damaged flower first appears brown spots, and then gradually expands until the whole flower turns brown and withers. ?
Regular flower rot fungi can form sclerotia at the flower stalk, and their spores can spread with the wind. Generally, the incidence rate is low in autumn. From February 65438 to March of the following year, with the increase of temperature, the damage rate of flowers increased. Etiology and symptoms This disease is caused by aphids and scale insects. The surface of damaged camellia leaves is covered with a layer of bacterial hyphae, forming a black coal seam, which hinders the normal photosynthesis and gas exchange of camellia plants and seriously hinders their growth and development. ?
Pathogenic law The pathogen of this disease likes low temperature and high humidity, and the temperature condition of 10 ~ 20℃ is most suitable for the growth of pathogen. In this temperature range, the higher the temperature, the faster the bacteria multiply and spread. Camellia oleifera forest with long-term overgrown weeds, high humidity and poor light is beneficial to the occurrence and spread of diseases. ?
The pests induced by control methods are mainly aphids and scale insects. Therefore, to control this disease, we must first control the aphids and scale insects of camellia. When the pests are eliminated, the disease will naturally be eliminated. For specific methods, please refer to the following main pests and their prevention and control chapters: prevention and control of aphids and scale insects.