There are many varieties of osmanthus fragrans, and there are four common ones: Jingui, Yingui, Dangui and Sijigui. The fruit is purple-black drupe, commonly known as cinnamon.
Han Gui in Hanzhong is the best among osmanthus flowers, which is well-known both at home and abroad and in Kyushu.
Osmanthus fragrans originated in southwest and central China, and now it is widely planted in the Huaihe River basin and its south area. Its suitable area can reach the lower reaches of the Yellow River in the north and Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan in the south. Wild plants are found in southwestern China, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong and Hubei provinces, and also distributed in India, Nepal and Cambodia. Like warm and humid climate, it is a subtropical tree species with high temperature resistance but not very cold resistance. Osmanthus fragrans leaves are luxuriant and evergreen, the tree age is long, it blooms in autumn, and its fragrance is overflowing. It is a special ornamental flower and fragrant tree in China. Osmanthus fragrans is the city flower in more than 2 cities in China.
Osmanthus fragrans doesn't have strict requirements on soil. It can generally grow except alkaline soil and low-lying land or soil that is too sticky and poorly drained, but the slightly acidic sandy loam with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil and good drainage is the most suitable.
Osmanthus fragrans is an evergreen broad-leaved tree with a height of 15m and a crown of 4 square meters. The bark is rough, with opposite grayish brown or grayish white leaves, oval, ovoid to lanceolate, and the whole or upper part is sparsely serrate. The leaves are leathery, opposite, oval or oblong, and the edges of young leaves are serrated. Flowers are clustered, 3-5 flowers are born in the axils of leaves, most of them are born in the spring shoots of that year, and there are also flowers on the branches of two or three years old. The corolla splits into milky white, yellow, orange red and other colors, and the aroma is very strong. Flowers clustered in leaf axils form cymes, and the flowers are small, yellow and white, and extremely fragrant. The bark is smooth and gray. The single leaf is opposite, the leather is bright, the leaf shape and leaf margin vary with varieties, the leaf shape is elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, and the leaf margin is whole or serrated. The flowers are axillary cymes, which are small and fragrant, and the color varies with varieties. There are osmanthus fragrans with strong growth potential, thick branches, large leaf shape, rough leaf surface, dark green leaves and orange-red colors; There are silvery laurel with medium growth, smooth leaf surface, serrated leaf edge and milky white flowers, and the flowers are dense and sweet; Osmanthus fragrans with strong growth potential, smooth leaf surface, sparse serrated or whole leaf margin, pale yellow flowers, sparse and light fragrance, which can bloom with the above varieties in autumn from September to October, and can also bloom once every two to three months. Dangui and Sijigui, the fruit is purple-black stone fruit, commonly known as cinnamon. Osmanthus fragrans seedlings have obvious main roots, and the roots are developed and deep. Young roots are yellowish brown, and old roots are yellowish brown. The root system of grafted seedlings varies with rootstock; Adventitious roots are easy to grow everywhere when cuttings are buried in the soil, but there is no obvious main root. Hanging flowers have strong branching and low technical points, especially in their infancy, which are often shrubby for a long time. After close planting or pruning, it can become an obvious trunk. Bark is rough, grayish brown or grayish white, sometimes showing lenticels. The leaf surface is smooth, leathery, dark and bright green near the axis, and the face on the far axis is more talked about; Oval, oblong, oval, obovate, lanceolate, oblanceolate, oblanceolate to ovate-lanceolate.
osmanthus fragrans likes warm environment, and it is suitable to grow in acidic sandy loam with deep soil layer, good drainage, fertility and rich humus. Not tolerant to drought and barrenness, it grows very slowly in shallow, hardened and barren soil, with few branches and leaves, thin leaves, yellow leaves, no or few flowers, and even periodic dead tops. In severe cases, the whole osmanthus fragrans plant dies; It likes sunshine, but it has certain shade tolerance. Young trees need some shade, and adults need relatively sufficient light to ensure the normal growth of osmanthus fragrans. Strong sunshine and shade are not good for its growth, and generally require 6~8 hours of light every day. It is observed that one side of the crown of osmanthus fragrans is close to the wall, or when the crowns of two osmanthus fragrans overlap with each other, the crown on the side close to the wall or the overlapping part will soon become sparse, which will affect the shape and beauty of the whole crown. It can be seen that osmanthus fragrans is suitable for planting in ventilated and light-transmitting places; Osmanthus fragrans likes clean and ventilated environment, is not resistant to the harm of smoke and dust, and often cannot blossom after being victimized; Fear of waterlogging and waterlogging, if it is harmful to waterlogging, the root system will be black and rotten, the leaves will first be scorched at the tip, and then the whole leaves will wither and fall off, which will lead to the death of the whole plant; Not very cold-tolerant, but compared with other evergreen broad-leaved trees, it is still a relatively cold-tolerant tree species, which provides the possibility for potted osmanthus fragrans in the north.
variety classification.
four species groups of osmanthus fragrans:
Jingui
Jingui has golden flowers, strong smell and thick leaves.
Jingui variety group: it blooms in autumn, with lemon yellow to golden yellow flowers. There are varieties such as "Dahua Jingui", "Daye Huang", "Huangchuan Jingui", "Late Jingui", "Round Leaf Jingui" and "Golden Globe Jingui".
osmanthus fragrans
The flowers of osmanthus fragrans are white, slightly yellowish, with strong smell and thin leaves.
Yingui variety group: it blooms in autumn, with pure white, milky white, yellowish white and light yellow colors, including "Seed Yingui", "Jiulong Guiui", "Early Yingui", "Late Yingui" and "Bai Jie".
osmanthus fragrans
The flowers of osmanthus fragrans are orange-yellow, with moderate smell, thick leaves and dark color.
variety group of osmanthus fragrans: it blooms in autumn, with deep color, orange yellow, orange red to vermilion, and there are varieties such as "Dahuadangui", "Tooth Dangui", "Cinnabar Dangui" and "Wide Leaf Red".
Four Seasons laurel
Four Seasons laurel is also called laurel. Flowers are slightly white or yellowish in color, with light fragrance and thin leaves. Flowering all the year round.
Osmanthus fragrans variety group: it blooms all the year round, and there are varieties such as "laurel", "Osmanthus fragrans", "Osmanthus fragrans" and so on.
There are some varieties worthy of popularization and application in each variety group, such as "Osmanthus fragrans" and "Phyllostachys macrophylla" in the variety group of Sijigui, all of which are small shrubs with a height of .5-1.5 meters. "Osmanthus fragrans" has a light yellow flower, and each node of the same branch blooms one after another, and there are flowers almost every day, so it is named. There are a large number of mother plants in Cangxi, Sichuan. "Big-leaf Buddha's Dingzhu" has milky white to pure white flowers, dense inflorescences, unique terminal inflorescences and continuous flowering from spring to autumn. They are of high ornamental value, and can be potted into houses or planted in large areas in the open.
different species or varieties can be selected for breeding according to different needs. For example, for the purpose of picking flowers, it is advisable to choose high-yield types with dense flowers, such as "Huangchuan Jingui", "Jingui", "Seed Yingui", "Big Flower Dangui" and "Orange Red Dangui", etc. For the purpose of seeing flowers and smelling fragrance, it is advisable to choose "big flower osmanthus", "seed osmanthus", "cinnabar osmanthus", "big flower osmanthus" and "round petal osmanthus". For shrubs, potted plants and bonsai, it is advisable to choose "Hibiscus fragrans", "Big Leaf Buddha's Dingzhu", "Moon Laurel", "Four Seasons Laurel", "Nine Dragons Laurel" and "Willow Leaf Laurel", etc., and use them as trees or choose "Big Leaf Huangyingui", "Jingui", "Big Leaf Dangui" and "Big Dan Jingui" as garden owners in Jing Yi.
According to the investigation and arrangement in recent years, there are about 15 varieties of osmanthus fragrans.
ⅰ Cinnamomum cassia
plants are relatively low, often in the form of tufts and shrubs, with a height of 1~3m, and occasionally grow into small trees with a height of 5~6m. Two types of leaves, spring-tip leaves are different from autumn-tip leaves. The former is wide, nearly entire, and the apex is often pointed, while the latter is narrow, serrated and the apex is gradually pointed. The inflorescence is terminal or (and) axillary, with two types, one is a broom or nearly conical with a peduncle (peduncle), and the other is a clustered cyme without a peduncle. The former is more common at the top of the branch, especially in spring flowering, and the latter is mainly in autumn flowering. The flowering period is long, with spring and autumn as the peak flowering period. Only 1 species group.
① variety group of Cinnamomum cassia. At present, there are about 15 varieties known, such as Yuegui, Tianxiangtai Pavilion, Sijigui with wrinkled leaves, Sijigui with small leaves, Sijigui with big leaves, Sijigui with Guizhou, Dingzhu with big leaves, Dingzhu with small leaves, Nissin, Dongxianghong and Sijigui with small flowers.
ⅱ autumn osmanthus
plants are tall, mostly small and medium-sized trees, often with obvious trunk, as high as 3~8m (sometimes as high as 12m or more), and a few species are in the form of tufted shrubs. Inflorescence axillary, clustered cymes, without total peduncle. The flowering period is short, and it is concentrated between August and November in autumn. Including 3 species groups.
② The variety group of Yingui is light in color, white, light yellow, lemon yellow to medium yellow. There are about 3 varieties known, such as Seed Yingui, Broad-leaf Seed Yingui, Early Yingui, Broad-leaf Early Yingui, Round-leaf Yingui, Late Yingui, Hard-leaf Yingui, Bai Jie, Suzhou Zaohuang, Willow Guiui and Jiulong Guiui.
③ Jingui variety group, with yellow to light orange color. It is now known that Zaozihuang, Su Jingui, Mo Ye Jingui, Da Hua Jingui, Late Jingui, Huangchuan Jingui, Dayezi Jingui, Dayehuang, Xiaoye Jingui, Jinshigui, Jinqiugui, Boye Jingui, Round-petaled Jingui, Jingui, Willow Jingui, Broken Leaf Jingui, Bright Leaf Jingui, Sickle Jingui, Camellia Jingui and Curly Leaf Jingui.
④ the variety group of osmanthus fragrans has the deepest color, which is orange yellow, orange to red orange. There are about 25 varieties known, such as Zizi Dangui, Daye Dangui, Huagai Dangui, Dahua Dangui, Dangui, Broad Leaf Red, Tooth Leaf Dangui, Cinnabar Dangui, Hard Leaf Dangui, Peach Leaf Dangui, Zhuangyuanhong, Xianning Dangui, Cadmium Orange Dangui and Xiaoye Dangui.
Seedling raising technology
Osmanthus fragrans is generally raised by cutting, and dried Osmanthus fragrans is mostly raised by sowing. The introduction is as follows:
1. Osmanthus fragrans blooms from September to October, and the fruit matures from late March to late April of the following year. When the fruit enters maturity and the peel gradually turns from green to purple-black, it can be collected. The collected fruits are piled and retted for about 3 days. After the peels are softened, they are soaked in water and washed, and the peels and pulp are removed to obtain clean seeds, which are slightly dried and moistened in sand. Because osmanthus seeds have a post-ripening period, it usually takes 8 months for wet sand to germinate.
2. Seeding and seedling raising methods are commonly used. A large number of seedlings of osmanthus fragrans can be obtained by sowing and seedling raising, which is suitable for street trees. Sowing is usually done in wide row, with a row spacing of 2 to 25 cm and a width of 1 to 12 cm. Sowing 2 kg per mu, with 25 to 3, osmanthus seedlings per mu. Before sowing, the umbilical cord should be oriented to one side, covered with one or two centimeters of fine soil, covered with a thin layer of straw, and sprayed with water until the soil is soaked to prevent soil hardening and reduce water evaporation. When the seeds germinate and come out, uncover the grass in time and place the grass between rows, which can not only keep the soil moist, but also prevent the weeds from growing.
[ edit this paragraph] cultivation and propagation
propagation by sowing, layering, grafting and cutting. When sowing in autumn in October of that year or in spring of the following year, the initial flowering period of seedlings is late, and it is difficult to maintain the original characteristics of varieties. Layered propagation, used to propagate improved varieties. Grafting propagation is a common method, and many species such as Ligustrum lucidum, Ligustrum lucidum, small wax, water wax, tassel and ash are used as rootstocks for grafting or cutting. Cutting propagation is mostly carried out from mid-June to late August. Transplanting is often carried out after flowering in autumn or in spring, and it can also be transplanted in rainy season. Large seedlings need to bring soil balls, and more base fertilizer should be applied to planting holes. Potted sweet-scented osmanthus can be placed in the courtyard sunshine in summer without shading, and it can safely overwinter indoors in winter. Pests and diseases include blight, dead branch disease, osmanthus sawfly, citrus whitefly, grasshopper and so on.
maintenance points
(1) intertillage weeding. Focus on loosening soil and weeding in a tree tray with a diameter of 1 meter centered on the trunk. After irrigation or rainfall, intertillage and loosen the soil to prevent soil hardening.
(2) watering and drainage. Osmanthus fragrans is watered mainly within one month after new planting and in the summer of the year of planting. Newly planted osmanthus fragrans must be watered permeable, and the canopy of the plant should be sprayed with water conditionally to maintain a certain air humidity. Osmanthus fragrans is not tolerant to waterlogging, so timely drainage or transplanting waterlogged plants and planting with a certain amount of sand can promote the growth of new roots.
(3) Rational fertilization. Fertilization should be based on the principle of thin fertilizer and diligent application, with quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer as the main fertilizer, and medium and large seedlings should be fertilized three or four times a year. In early spring, apply organic fertilizer in the tree tray to promote the growth of spring shoots. Inorganic fertilizer or garbage miscellaneous fertilizer should be applied in the early winter. In the meantime, fertilization can be applied once or twice according to the growth of osmanthus fragrans. The newly transplanted osmanthus fragrans should not be topdressing too early. The base fertilizer for transplanting pits should be mixed with soil and then covered with soil.
(4) shaping and pruning.
① bud peeling: the useless buds at the lower part of the trunk are peeled off during germination.
② branch thinning: keep a certain branch height, and cut off useless branches. Generally, the branch height of osmanthus fragrans is about 1.5 meters.
③ short cutting: cut off the overgrown top branches to keep the height of osmanthus fragrans at about 3.5 meters and the crown width at 2.5 to 3 meters.
Disease control:
Osmanthus fragrans Brown Spot, Osmanthus fragrans Blight and Osmanthus fragrans Anthracnose are common leaf diseases, which can cause premature defoliation of Osmanthus fragrans, weaken plant growth, and reduce flower yield and ornamental value of Osmanthus fragrans.
at the initial stage of the brown spot disease of osmanthus fragrans
, small yellow spots appear on the leaves, which gradually expand into nearly round spots with a diameter of 2 to 1mm, or become irregular spots due to the expansion of the spots limited by veins. The lesion is yellowish brown to grayish brown with a yellow halo around the lesion. Brown spot disease generally occurs from April to October, and older leaves are more susceptible than younger leaves. Pathogens overwinter on diseased leaves with hyphae, and conidia are produced in the following spring for primary infection, and conidia are spread by airflow and raindrops.
Osmanthus fragrans blight
The pathogen of this disease mostly invades from the leaf margin and tip, and occurs at the leaf margin and tip. At the initial stage of the disease, light brown spots are produced on the leaves, which gradually expand into round or irregular lesions, and then expand into nearly round or irregular grayish brown spots with dark brown edges. Blight occurs from July to November, and can occur all year round in greenhouses with poor environmental conditions. Pathogens spread and infect by conidia through wind and water. High temperature, high humidity and poor ventilation are conducive to the onset. The old leaves and leaves at the lower part of the plant are more seriously ill when the plant grows weak and overwinters.
Anthracnose of Osmanthus fragrans
This disease infects leaves of Osmanthus fragrans. At the initial stage of the disease, small chlorosis spots appeared on the leaves, which gradually expanded to form round, semi-circular or oval lesions. The lesion is light brown to grayish white, with reddish-brown rings on the edge. Under humid conditions, pink myxospore discs appeared on the lesion. Anthrax occurs from April to June. Pathogen overwinters in diseased leaves in acervulus and is spread by wind and rain.
control measures
first of all, reduce the source of infection. Thoroughly remove diseased leaves in autumn. Potted sweet-scented osmanthus should remove the diseased leaves in time.
Secondly, strengthen cultivation management. Choose fertile and well-drained soil or substrate to plant osmanthus fragrans; Increase the application of organic fertilizer and potassium fertilizer; Planting density should be suitable for ventilation and light transmission, reducing leaf humidity and reducing diseases.
scientific use of chemicals for prevention and control. Spray 1: 2: 2 times of Bordeaux solution at the initial stage of onset, and then spray 1 times of 5% carbendazim wettable powder or 1-15 times of 5% benadryl wettable powder. In seriously ill areas, seedlings should be soaked and disinfected with 1 times potassium permanganate solution when they leave the nursery.
pest control:
the main pest of osmanthus fragrans cultivated at home is mites, commonly known as red spiders. Once the disease is found, it should be dealt with immediately, and it can be sprayed on the leaves with acaricide, acaricide and triazole. Spray both sides of the blade evenly. Once a week, 2-3 times in a row, it can be cured.