Growth habit of forsythia suspensa 1

Morphological characteristics of 1. 1

Forsythia suspensa is a deciduous shrub with the characteristics of clumping branches. Forsythia suspensa is about 3 meters high, with yellow-brown branchlets, drooping and arched branches, four-stare blankly-shaped culm tips and hollow middle. Forsythia suspensa leaves are opposite, mainly single or compound leaves, and the leaves are mainly oval or ovoid. The corolla of forsythia suspensa is golden yellow, and the flowers bloom before the leaves, and the flowering period is about 4 months. The fruit is oval, yellow-brown in surface, woody, with longitudinal wrinkles on the surface of the peel, and most fruits have small spots, with 1 longitudinal grooves on both sides and sharp tips. The fruit stalk is about 1.6m long, which blooms in early spring, with rich aroma and gorgeous color. In recent years, Qinghai has become an important producing area of forsythia suspensa, which has a good promotion effect. Forsythia suspensa is mainly planted in forests, gullies, valleys and relatively high altitude areas.

1.2 growth habits

Forsythia suspensa is a light-loving plant with good shade tolerance, warm climate and good cold tolerance, which is suitable for popularization in Qinghai and other places. Forsythia suspensa has strong adaptability to soil and can grow well in neutral or weakly acidic or alkaline soil. The root system of forsythia suspensa is relatively developed. Although the taproot is underdeveloped, the lateral root is long and there are many roots. Forsythia suspensa has strong cold tolerance, strong germination ability and fast burial speed. It likes to live in soil with good drainage and rich humus, and can grow completely on sloping land.

2 cultivation methods of forsythia suspensa

2. 1 seed treatment technology

The seeds of Forsythia suspensa should choose plants with strong growth and short branches as mother plants, and single-plant seeds with full fruits and no pests and diseases should be selected according to the characteristics of Forsythia suspensa. Seed selection of Fructus Forsythiae can collect mature fruits in June 5438+1October every year, spread them in the shade, remove the shells after drying in the shade, and mix them with wet sand at the ratio of 1: 3 during storage. Forsythia suspensa should germinate in early March of the following year before sowing, and can be soaked in the mixed solution of gibberellin and alcohol. When sowing after germination, furrows should be made on the ridge surface, and hole sowing should be used when sowing. After sowing, soil should be covered and compacted to ensure the close combination of seeds and soil. Forsythia suspensa seedlings are usually raised in April every year, and the sowing time in winter can be chosen before the soil is frozen. Forsythia suspensa seeds do not need special treatment. Seedlings should be fixed when the seedling height reaches 5cm after emergence, and soil should be loosened and watered when it reaches 10cm. In the process of planting forsythia suspensa, compound fertilizer can be used, and seedlings can be gently raised when the soil is half filled to promote the full extension of roots. If the soil is too dry when planting, you can water it properly.

2.2 Site selection and preparation technology

Forsythia suspensa breeding should choose high-lying plots. Qinghai is suitable for planting forsythia suspensa because of its relatively high altitude. The key is to choose the land with sunny lee and flat terrain. In order to ensure the growth of forsythia suspensa, we should choose deep and fertile soil to ensure the drainage of the soil. Soil preparation for planting forsythia suspensa should be carried out in autumn, and deep tillage should be carried out before planting, and the tillage depth should reach 25cm. Fertilization should be done well in the process of soil preparation, and phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and urea can be used specifically. When preparing soil, all kinds of sundries should be removed, and the plot should be arranged into ridges with a height of 15cm and a width of 120cm, and the width of the furrow should reach 30cm.

2.3 Cultivation management

It is necessary to strengthen the supervision of the whole process of forsythia suspensa cultivation in cultivation management. First of all, planting and pollination should be carried out during the planting process, and the row spacing should be maintained. Generally, the row spacing should reach 2m, and the plant spacing should be kept at1.5m. Tall plants and short plants should be planted together, and mixed between plants or rows. Secondly, in the management of fertilizer and water, we should effectively prevent waterlogging, apply fertilizer reasonably according to the growth, and use phosphoric acid and ammonium fertilizer during the growth of forsythia suspensa. Thirdly, in order to improve the fruit setting rate of forsythia suspensa, boron spraying at flowering stage and controlling the dosage of various drugs are adopted to effectively prevent the problem of pesticide residues. Fourth, pruning should be strengthened at flowering stage. Specifically, young trees and adult trees should be trimmed. When the plant grows to 1m, the top should be cut off and four stout branches should be left on the trunk. Adult trees are mainly pruned in winter, mainly pruning delicate branches, pests and diseases. In order to shorten the planting cycle, aging plants can also be updated.

2.4 Harvest management

Forsythia suspensa is mainly divided into Forsythia suspensa, Forsythia suspensa and Forsythia suspensa from Lian Xin. Forsythia suspensa is the main one in Qinghai, and the harvesting work is mainly carried out in early October of 65438+/kloc-0, mainly harvesting Forsythia suspensa with thick shell, yellow color, no seeds and no impurities. When harvesting, it is necessary to ensure that forsythia suspensa has no branches, full seeds, impurities and mildew.

2.5 Prevention and control of pests and diseases

Forsythia suspensa should be effectively prevented from pests and diseases during planting. Common diseases and insect pests of forsythia suspensa mainly include leaf spot, moth, stem borer and so on. So you can spray drugs such as Zhuangdiling, or spray drugs or dip cotton to plug the hole when pruning. In order to effectively control the invasion of pests and diseases, lime powder can be used to kill insects, and artificial or physical vibrators can be used to kill insects. In order to improve the control effect, in the active period of pests and diseases, necessary prevention and management measures should be taken in advance according to the specific situation. Jihuashanyao