Laser machining technology is a technology that uses the characteristics of the interaction between laser beam and substance, and takes cutting, welding, surface treatment, drilling, micromachining materials and identifying objects as light sources. The most traditional application field is laser processing technology. Laser technology is a comprehensive technology involving optics, mechanics, electricity, materials, detection and other disciplines. Traditionally, its research scope can be generally divided into:
Laser processing system. Comprise a laser, a light guide system, a processing machine tool, a control system and a detection system.
2. Laser processing technology. Including cutting, welding, surface treatment, drilling, marking, marking, micro-carving and other processing technologies.
Laser welding:
Sealing devices such as automobile body plates, automobile parts, lithium batteries, pacemakers, sealed relays, and various devices that are not allowed to be contaminated and deformed by welding. The lasers used in 20 13 include YAG laser, CO2 laser and semiconductor pump laser.
Laser cutting:
Automobile industry, computer, electrical appliance shell, wooden knife mold industry, cutting of various metal parts and special materials, circular saw blades, acrylic, spring washers, copper plates of electronic parts below 2mm, partial metal mesh plates, steel pipes, tinned iron plates, lead-plated steel plates, phosphor bronze, bakelite plates, thin aluminum alloys, timely glass, silicone rubber, alumina ceramic plates below 1mm, which are used for aerospace. The lasers used are YAG laser and CO2 laser.
Laser pen:
Also known as laser pen, handwriting pen, etc. , is a kind of pen-type emitter which designs visible light laser as portable and easy to hold and is processed by laser module (diode). Common laser pens include red light (650-660nm, 635nm), green light (5 15-520nm, 532nm), blue light (445-450nm) and blue-violet light (405nm), and the power is usually in milliwatts. Usually newspaper reporters, teachers and tour guides will use it to project a light spot or a beam of light to an object, but the laser will hurt the eyes. Don't aim the laser at your eyes under any circumstances.
Laser therapy:
It can be used in surgery to relieve pain and reduce infection.
Laser marking:
It has been widely used in various materials and almost all industries. 20 13 uses YAG laser, CO2 laser and semiconductor pump laser.
Laser drilling:
Laser drilling is mainly used in aerospace, automobile manufacturing, electronic instruments, chemical industry and other industries. The rapid development of laser drilling is mainly reflected in that the average output power of YAG laser for drilling is increased from 400w in 2008 to 800w, reaching1000W ... 2013. The relatively mature application of laser drilling in China is in the production of drawing dies for synthetic diamonds and natural diamonds, and in the production of gem bearings for watches and instruments, aircraft blades, multilayer printed circuit boards and other industries. Most of the lasers used in 20 13 are YAG lasers and CO2 lasers, and some are quasi-splitting lasers, isotope lasers and semiconductor pump lasers.
Laser heat treatment:
Widely used in automobile industry, such as heat treatment of cylinder liner, crankshaft, piston ring, commutator, gear and other parts, and also widely used in aerospace, machine tool industry and other mechanical industries. Laser heat treatment is widely used in China than abroad. YAG laser and CO2 laser are mainly used in 20 13.
Laser rapid prototyping: it is formed by combining laser processing technology with computer numerical control technology and flexible manufacturing technology. Mostly used in mold and model industry. YAG laser and CO2 laser are mainly used in 20 13.
Laser coating:
Widely used in aerospace, mold, electromechanical and other industries. 20 13, the lasers used are mostly high-power YAG lasers and CO2 lasers.
Laser imaging:
The laser beam is used to scan the object and reflect the reflected beam back, and the obtained arrangement order is different for imaging. Use image drag and drop to reflect the resulting image. Laser imaging has the ability of over-the-horizon detection, which can be used for satellite laser scanning imaging and will be used in remote sensing mapping and other scientific and technological fields in the future.
Medical science
The application of laser in medicine is mainly divided into three categories: laser life science research, laser diagnosis and laser treatment, among which laser treatment is divided into laser surgical treatment, non-surgical treatment of low-level laser biological stimulation and laser photodynamic treatment.
According to the different functions of laser in dental application, the laser system used in dentistry is divided into several different laser systems. An important feature of distinguishing lasers is that the wavelength of light has different effects on tissues. Visible light and near infrared spectrum have low light absorption rate and strong penetration, and can penetrate deep tooth tissues, such as argon ion laser, diode laser or Nd: YAG laser (as shown in figure 1). However, Er: YAG laser and CO laser have poor light penetration, which can only penetrate the tooth tissue by about 0.01mm.. The second important feature that distinguishes laser is the intensity (i.e. power) of laser. For example, diode laser used for diagnosis is only a few milliwatts, and sometimes it can also be used for laser display.
The laser used for treatment is usually a moderate intensity laser of several watts. The effect of laser on tissue also depends on the way of laser pulse emission. Typical continuous pulse emission methods are argon ion laser, diode laser, CO2 laser and laser. Some Er: YAG lasers or many Nd: YAG lasers emit in short pulses. The intensity (i.e. power) of short-pulse laser can reach more than 1 1,000 watts. These high intensity and high light absorption lasers are only suitable for removing hard tissues.
Laser cosmetic surgery
(1) Laser is widely used in beauty industry. Pigmentation, such as nevus OTA, nevus flammeus, freckles, senile plaques and telangiectasia, as well as tattoo removal, eyeliner washing, eyebrow washing and scar treatment; Before 20 13, some new laser instruments, such as high-energy ultra-pulse CO2 laser and erbium laser, were used for wrinkle removal, skin peeling and skin changing, snoring treatment, tooth whitening and so on, and achieved good results, which opened up more and more broad fields for laser surgery.
(2) Laser surgery has incomparable advantages over traditional surgery. First of all, laser surgery does not require hospitalization, with small incision, no bleeding during operation, light trauma and no scars. For example, the traditional surgical treatment of bags under the eyes has many shortcomings, such as wide peeling range, more bleeding during operation, slow healing after operation and easy scarring. The application of high-energy ultra-pulse CO2 laser in the treatment of eye bags has the advantages of no bleeding, no suture, no influence on normal work, light edema at the surgical site, quick recovery and no scar left, which is incomparable to traditional surgery. Some endoscopic operations that cannot be performed due to excessive bleeding can be completed by laser cutting instead. (Note: There is a certain range of adaptation)
(3) Laser has achieved remarkable results in the treatment of vascular dermatosis and pigmentation. The treatment of port wine nevus with pulsed dye laser has obvious curative effect, little damage to surrounding tissues and almost no scar. Its appearance has become a revolution in the history of treatment of port wine stains, because in the history of treatment of port wine stains, radiation, freezing, electrocautery, surgery and other methods have a high incidence of scars, and pigment loss or deposition often occurs. Laser treatment of vascular dermatosis is the selective absorption of oxygen-containing hemoglobin to a certain wavelength of laser, which leads to the high destruction of vascular tissue. It has high accuracy and safety, and will not affect the surrounding adjacent organizations. Therefore, laser treatment of telangiectasia is also effective.
In addition, due to the appearance of variable pulse laser, great breakthroughs have been made in removing unsatisfactory tattoos and treating various pigmented skin diseases such as OTA nevus and senile plaques. According to the theory of selective photothermal effect (that is, lasers with different wavelengths can selectively act on skin lesions of different colors), this kind of laser uses its powerful instantaneous power, highly concentrated radiation energy, pigment selectivity and extremely short pulse width to concentrate laser energy on pigment particles, vaporize and crush them directly, and excrete them through lymphatic tissues without affecting the surrounding normal tissues, which is deeply rooted in people's hearts because of its exact curative effect, safety and reliability, no scar and little pain.
(4) Laser surgery initiated a new era of medical beauty. High-energy ultra-pulse CO2 laser peeling and skin changing has opened up a new technology in cosmetic surgery. It uses high-energy, ultra-short pulse laser to vaporize the damaged skin tissue instantly, without damaging the surrounding tissues, with almost no bleeding during the treatment, and can accurately control the depth of action. Its effect has been fully affirmed by the international medical plastic surgery field, and it is known as "creating a new era of medical beauty"; In addition, there is a high-energy ultra-pulse CO2 laser instrument to treat bags under the eyes, snoring, and even laser whitening teeth. With its safe and accurate curative effect and simple and quick treatment, it has created one miracle after another in the field of medical beauty. Laser cosmetology has made medical cosmetology take a big step forward and given the connotation of medical cosmetology renewal.
Laser removal of facial nevus
The principle of laser nevus removal is to put the huge energy of laser burst into pigment tissue, so that the pigment is broken and decomposed, swallowed by macrophages, and then excreted with lymphatic circulation system, thus achieving the purpose of removing pigment.
There are many kinds of nevus that can be used for laser removal, such as the above three kinds of pigmented nevus, Ota nevus and port wine nevus. , and the curative effect is obvious, it is not easy to leave scars, and the risk is small. You can also use carbon dioxide laser to remove moles.
Laser treatment of myopia
Patients with the following conditions are not suitable for laser treatment:
First, active inflammation and lesions of the eyes; Second, purulent lesions around the eyes; Third, the confirmed keratoconus; Fourth, severe dry eye with systemic Sjogren's syndrome; Fifth, the thickness of the central cornea is less than 450 microns; Six, severe ocular adnexal lesions: eyelid defect, deformation, chronic dacryocystitis, etc. Seventh, systemic connective tissue diseases and serious autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis.
Laser wrinkle removal
Laser wrinkle removal is a computer-controlled, low-energy carbon dioxide laser, which can accurately control the depth of vaporized skin surface, and complete layered vaporization and non-carbonization facial wrinkle removal and skin care technology. The technology of laser used to eliminate wrinkles is the result of many improvements, perfection and constant renewal after laser technology is applied to clinic.
Principle: The main cause of wrinkles is the reduction of skin collagen and thinning of dermis. Using the latest laser-RF combined technology to irradiate the skin can thicken the dermis and reduce wrinkles. The principle is as follows: stimulate the damaged collagen layer to produce new collagen, thus filling the wrinkled skin caused by collagen reduction; Heating the dermal tissue layer can stimulate tissue regeneration and reconstruction and thicken the dermal layer by using the human body's own repair function.
A well-designed laser can absorb the energy released by the laser through melanin and hemoglobin in the skin, especially moisture, and produce photothermal effect to convert it into heat, thus activating fibroblasts and other matrix cells in the dermis, producing new collagen, elastin and various intercellular matrices, rebuilding tissues, just like exercising lazy skin, and rejuvenating it through exercise. After several treatments, skin moisture content and elasticity increased, texture improved and fine lines decreased.
Indications: 1. Main symptoms: [3] Perioral wrinkles, atrophic (sunken) scars, benign skin vegetation (tumor); 2, rough skin, coarse pores, fine lines and other skin aging manifestations, as well as inflammatory acne or acne scars.
High-energy ultra-pulse laser can minimize the thermal damage to surrounding tissues. Fine wrinkles and sunken scars can also be polished accurately. Ultra-pulse laser can avoid the disadvantages of mechanical peeling and chemical peeling in the past, such as excessive bleeding, splashing blood and tissue debris will spread viruses between patients and between patients and medical staff. The skin damage is completely eliminated by evaporating the diseased tissue, and the thermal damage of normal skin is the smallest. The action time of this process is faster than the time needed to heat the surrounding normal tissues, and it has the function of peeling and wrinkle removal.
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