2. Structural composites are materials used as load-bearing structures, which are basically composed of reinforcement components that can bear loads and matrix components that can connect the reinforcement into a whole material and play a role in force transmission at the same time.
Reinforcing materials include various glasses, ceramics, carbon, polymers, metals, natural fibers, fabrics, whiskers, flakes and particles. The matrix includes polymer, metal, ceramic, glass, carbon and cement.
Extended data
Among composite materials, fiber reinforced materials are the most widely used. It is characterized by low specific gravity, high specific strength and high specific modulus.
For example, the composite material of carbon fiber and epoxy resin has several times higher specific strength and modulus than steel and aluminum alloy, and also has excellent chemical stability, antifriction and wear resistance, self-lubrication, heat resistance, fatigue resistance, creep resistance, noise elimination, electrical insulation and other properties.
Another characteristic of fiber reinforced materials is anisotropy, so the arrangement of fibers can be designed according to the strength requirements of different parts of the product.
The forming methods of composite materials are different according to the different matrix materials. There are many molding methods of resin-based composites, such as hand-paste molding, spray molding, fiber winding molding, compression molding, pultrusion molding, RTM molding, autoclave molding, diaphragm molding, migration molding, reactive injection molding, flexible film expansion molding, stamping molding and so on.
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