Reasonable garden construction
(1) The pollution-free cultivation area of red grape should be free of air and water pollution and have a good water environment.
(2) The terrain is relatively high, preferably sloping, with sufficient sunshine and transparency, no large buildings around, dry soil and good watering conditions.
(3) Sandy loam, there are no harmful heavy metals in the soil, such as Pb(2+), Hg(2+) and other ions harmful to human body, and the groundwater level is low (below 10m).
(4) Red grape ears can be divided into two types: emptying type and squeezing type. Evacuation type should be selected to make the gap between fruit grains large and reduce the incidence rate.
(5) The density should be small. In order to improve ventilation transparency and reduce pathogenic factors, the plant spacing of 1.5m and the row spacing of 6m can be selected.
Fertilizer and water management
It is necessary to adhere to the principles of fertilizer and water management, such as large fertilizer and suitable water, reasonable nitrogen application and increasing the ratio of phosphorus to potassium.
① Winter scissors
1 year, cutting again, leaving 1 mother branch with a length of 20cm, leaving 1 m main vine in the second year, leaving 3-5 fruiting branches on it, and each fruiting branch leaving 1-2 buds. In the third year, the shed was covered. At this time, the main vine of 1.5-2m is left, and there are 10- 12 fruiting branches on it, half of which bear fruit, and each fruiting branch is cut with 2-3 buds. The other half is used as vegetative branches and spare branches, and 1-2 buds are reserved for re-cutting.
② Summer scissors
A, tie vines to fix the new shoots on the scaffolding, evenly distributed, and occupy space reasonably.
B, coring According to the characteristics of small leaves of Red Grape, 7-8 leaves are reserved for coring, which is beneficial to control vigorous growth, promote branch maturity, thicken leaves and turn green, and improve photosynthetic efficiency.
C, thinning inflorescences, namely thinning inflorescences on vegetative branches according to the principle that the vegetative branches are 2: 1. Pinch off the tip of the ear to make the ear shape inverted trapezoid, remove the secondary ear, and sparse some fruits when the fruit is crowded.
D, bagging can reduce the infection of pests and diseases, reduce the harm of sunburn, avoid the occurrence of phytotoxicity, and ensure the smoothness of fruit surface. You can choose Kobayashi bag from Japan. Pick a broken bag half a month ago for easy coloring.
Virus pest control
According to the standard requirements for producing green food apples (NYYT 68-95 standard issued by the Ministry of Agriculture 1995), biological and mineral pesticides should be used as much as possible to avoid using pesticides with high toxicity and high residue.
Strengthen the cultivation and management of grape white rot, improve the disease resistance, cut off the diseased parts at any time, and eliminate germs; Focus on strengthening the protection of spraying drugs, spraying drugs 1 time in the early stage of onset, spraying drugs 1 time every 15 days, and * * * 3-5 times. Optional drugs: 70% thiophanate methyl 800 times and 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800 times.
Mainly prevent grape black pox (soreness, dementia), and spray eradication agent before germination.
0.5% sodium pentachlorophenol mixed with 3 baume sulfur mixture, or 10% ferrous sulfate plus 1% crude sulfuric acid; Spraying protection during the growth period: spraying 1 time every 10- 15 days from the beginning of leaf spreading to before fruit coloring, and the medicament can be 1: 0.5: 200 bordeaux solution, 80% Sheng Da M-45800 times solution and 50% sterilization special wettability.
Grape anthracnose grape berries were sprayed 1 time, and then sprayed 1 time every 15 days for 3-5 times continuously. Stop spraying half a month before grape harvest, and choose 800 times 50% special wettable powder for degerming.
Downy mildew collects diseased leaves and fruits in late autumn and burns or buries them. Spray 1 time at the initial stage of onset, and spray 1 time every 15 days thereafter, 2-3 times in total. The first choice is 1: 0.7: 200 bordeaux solution, and the second choice is 65% zinc familia 500 times solution.
Grape wing moth combined with winter pruning, cut off the damaged branches and vines to eliminate the overwintering larvae, and spray 1500 times urea No.3 at the insect stage.
Spraying 3 waves of smectite sulfur mixture before germination and 0.2-0.3 waves of smectite sulfur mixture during growth.