1, topdressing at flowering stage. From late April to early May, each jujube tree was watered with 0.4-0.6 kg of urea, 0.5-2 kg of 65438+ calcium superphosphate and 0.6 kg of potassium chloride. You can also use 10- 15 kg of decomposed human excrement and 4-6 kg of plant ash for each jujube tree, and then water it.
2. Control insects before flowering. In March, the overwintering pupae of the jujube geometrid were dug out, and the jujube geometrid and jujube flying elephant were controlled by the straw rope poison ring. Spraying pyrethroid pesticides 1 time in the middle and late April and late May respectively.
3. Pick your heart before you spend it. Before flowering, when 4-5 permanent secondary branches appear on the jujube head without backbone branches, according to the growth strength, 4 or 3 secondary branches are left for coring. Because jujube heads appear at different times, we should pick the heart in stages.
4, flowering and girdling. Circumcision in full bloom can temporarily interrupt the downward transport of nutrients by leaves, thus meeting the needs of flowering, fruit setting and early development of young fruits. The specific method is to cut the trunk 10-20 cm high from the ground twice, notch width 3-5 mm, and take out the phloem. It is required to peel the mouth without leaving residual skin and stubble, which is convenient for healing. After that, it will be carried out upward at intervals of 3-5 cm every year, and then it will be stripped at the main branch. Circumcision should be suitable for trees, not young trees and weak trees. After girdling, apply medicine to prevent insects, and wrap it tightly with paper or plastic film to prevent water evaporation.
5. Bees are released during flowering. According to the investigation, the fruit-setting rate can be increased by about 1 time when bees are released in jujube orchard during flowering period, and the yield can be increased by 20-30%, and the closer the hive is to jujube trees, the higher the fruit-setting rate is.
6. Three sprays at flowering stage. One is spraying water. When the relative humidity of air in the flowering period of jujube trees is lower than 60%, spray clear water evenly on the jujube flowers with a sprayer, spraying 1 time every 6 days and spraying continuously for 3 times; The second is spraying fertilizer. Spraying 0.3-0.5% urea and 0. 1-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution on the leaves at the initial flowering stage and young fruit stage. Fertilization should be carried out in windless and cloudy weather, or in the morning and evening. The amount of fertilizer sprayed depends on the leaf humidity. The third is to spray hormones. Spraying 10- 15 ppm sodium naphthylacetate or 5-10ppm 2,4-drops on the blooming strong trees. Using 30-60 ppm NAA or 30-60 ppm 2,4-d twice (with an interval of 20 days) in young fruit stage can effectively prevent flower and fruit falling. Spraying 0.2-0.3% borax or boric acid at flowering stage can also effectively improve the fruit setting rate.
Second, pruning jujube trees in summer is equally important. Summer pruning of jujube trees is mostly carried out in May-July. The main purpose of summer pruning is to restrain excessive and long growth of jujube tree heads, reduce useless nutrient consumption, adjust nutrient flow direction, improve lighting conditions, improve fruit setting rate, promote fruit development and improve yield and quality.
1, wipe the bud. For newly sprouted and useless jujube heads, they should be erased from the base as soon as possible to preserve nutrition and facilitate ventilation and light transmission.
2. Choose your heart. After budding and spreading leaves, the first branch, the second branch and jujube hanging can be cored in June to prevent them from growing again, which is beneficial to bearing fruit in the same year and cultivating strong bearing branches. The pinching degree of the first branch of jujube head depends on the space and growth of jujube head. Generally, weak branches are denucleated (leaving 2-4 secondary branches), while strong branches are lightly denucleated (leaving 4-7 secondary branches). Short and dense jujube orchards, secondary branches and jujube cranes can also be pitted. Pick moderately. Too strong will lead to more fruits in the same year, but it will affect the increase of fruit area, and a large number of jujube heads will sprout on the secondary branches in the second year. When it is too light, the fruit setting rate decreases, the quality is poor, and the fruiting branches are weak.
3. Pull the branches. It is usually carried out in May-July, so that the branches are evenly distributed and the crown is ventilated.
At present, the traditional methods of jujube tree cultivation, such as seedling raising, seedling raising, planting and shaping, have serious water loss during shipment, low survival rate and slow growth after planting due to a large number of root cutting during seedling raising. This paper introduces a new fast-growing and high-yield cultivation model of jujube for fruit farmers' reference.
1. Select suitable plots for intensive cultivation, apply sufficient fertilizer, and drill seedlings according to the specifications of 80cm wide row and 40cm narrow row. Sow early and cover with plastic film after sowing to promote seed germination. Timely thinning, weeding, topdressing and watering after emergence can promote the vigorous growth of seedlings. Grafting is carried out when the rootstock seedlings grow thick enough. Rootstock seedlings can grow to 1m in the second year.
2. Clustered seedlings build gardens. Leave seedlings in rows 80cm wide first, and then leave 4 seedlings in two rows according to the specifications of 30cm×80cm. According to this specification, 555 jujube trees are left every 667 square meters, and jujube orchards form a double-row cluster. The spacing between four trees in each cluster is 30cm~80cm, the row spacing between two clusters is 1.7m, the spacing between adjacent clusters is 1.6m, and the working path width between two clusters is1m. Those who only raise two rows of jujube seedlings or raise seedlings in holes can leave seedlings to build gardens according to the above specifications.
3. Hedge wall trimming. The other plants, two jujube trees in each cluster are inclined at 700 degrees and tied and fixed with poles and ropes. The 1 secondary branch on the back of the fallen tree is selected from 30cm above the ground, drained from the base or left with 1 ~ 2 short section, and the first 1cm is cut to the xylem. When in full bloom, girdling is carried out before cutting, so that the main buds under cutting and peeling germinate. In the second year, the jujube head branches were pulled, scratched and girdled in the same way, and the plastic task could be basically completed in three years. After pulling down, measures such as secondary branching and coring, spraying gibberellin and borax at flowering stage can be taken to improve the fruit setting rate and promote the fruit bearing of jujube trees in the same year.