Plant planting design construction drawing is the basis of plant planting construction, project budget, project construction monitoring and acceptance, and should accurately express the content and intention of planting design. However, there are still some problems in the design and construction drawings of garden plants in China, such as the lack of operability in construction according to the drawings, the difficulty for constructors to understand the design intent, and the non-compliance in construction. Explore how to clearly express the design ideas, construction methods and follow-up maintenance management requirements in the design drawings, so as to make it more scientific, reasonable and operable.
1, Frequently Asked Questions on Plant Planting Design and Construction Drawing
1. 1 lacks the representativeness of current plants.
There are often some current plants in the plant planting range. From the point of view of environmental protection, we should try our best to preserve the original plants, especially ancient trees, big trees and ornamental herbs and shrubs. Designers often only use words to explain the current plants in construction drawings, which makes the accuracy and operability of construction drawings not high, and some even don't explain them, which eventually leads to the wrong cutting of plants and the destruction of the environment.
1.2 The drawing is incomplete and its contents are too simple.
The architectural drawing code has strict regulations on the general plan and structural details in architectural drawing, and the index relationship of drawings is clear. Many plant planting designers can refer to the architectural drawing specifications for drawing, and the design documents are complete and reliable (for example, the height of seedlings required in the same group is different, and the size, plastic shape and construction technical requirements of seedlings planted in different positions of the same plant are different, etc.). Explain clearly with detailed drawings or mark words on the plan), but some of them are just a picture-only the general plan of plant planting design without detailed drawings, and the contents in the picture are not clear, so the construction personnel can't fully understand the design intention, and it is very common to temporarily change the design on site.
1.3 The text label is not accurate.
Plant planting design drawings generally use specific legends to represent various plant types, and words (or numbers) to represent plant names, while plant specifications, modeling requirements and coordinates of important points of different planting points are generally not marked, which leads to poor operability in construction according to the drawings. Designers often need to personally select seedlings, give on-site guidance and set out at fixed points to meet the design requirements. This is not conducive to division of labor and cooperation, resulting in a waste of human resources.
1.4 The contents of the seedling table are not uniform.
Because of the living characteristics of plants, the growth condition, shape and posture of the same plant and the form of artificial shaping and pruning are different, the landscape created is also different, and the construction technology, maintenance requirements and engineering construction are also different. The current Landscape Architecture Illustration Standard in China does not stipulate the statistical representation of seedlings in planting design drawings. Some textbooks think that the contents of seedling table should include: quantity, tree species, quantity, specifications, source of seedlings and remarks. Commonly used seedling table formats also include: number, tree species, specifications, planting area, planting density, quantity and remarks. Some drawings can include Latin names of plants and plant planting in the seedling table. Because the contents of the nursery stock table are not uniform, it not only brings inconvenience to the project construction, but also brings difficulties to the project budget and final accounts, project bidding, project construction supervision and acceptance.
2. Current relevant specifications
1On July 25th, 995, the Ministry of Construction issued JJB [1995] No.427, and the Standard for Illustration of Landscape Architecture (CJJ67-95) was officially implemented on March 25th, 996. The third and fourth parts of the standard specify and explain the plan and elevation examples of common plants respectively, so that the common illustrations in plant planting design have a unified drawing standard. According to practical experience, the standard still has the following shortcomings:
(1) The legend of the present situation of plants;
(2) In terms of labeling with letters, numbers and words, the standard only provides principles, without refinement;
(3) The legend of crown shape only has natural shape, and there is no regulation of artificial pruning and pruning shape;
④ There is no uniform regulation on the content and format of nursery stock table.
3. Discussion on the drawing method and legend of garden plant planting design construction drawing.
3. 1 indicates the current factory.
In the greening design of the green leisure belt on the west side of Baiyun Mountain in Guangzhou, the designer reserved a large number of trees and shrubs in combination with the current plant situation. The method is to use the coordinate data of big trees within the scope of total station survey design to superimpose on the current topographic map, draw an accurate map of plant status, and use this map to guide the scheme design and planting design. In the construction drawing, distinguish the original tree from the design tree by adding vertical thin lines in the tree legend, and then explain the difference in the description (if it is stipulated in the national drawing specification, there is no need to add text description).
3.2 General drawing, sub-drawing and detailed drawing
The design scope is large or small, and the technical requirements are simple or complex. If only one scheme is drawn, it is difficult to express the design ideas and technical requirements clearly, so it should be handled separately when drawing. In the greening design of the greening and leisure belt on the west side of Baiyun Mountain in Guangzhou, due to the large design scope, the designer adopts the general plan (expressing the relationship between gardens and general nursery statistics) → each plan sub-plan (expressing the boundary relationship of each block in one picture, the nursery statistics of the park) → the plan of each block (expressing the detailed plant planting design and nursery statistics of the plot) → the important position details, and organizes the production of drawing documents at the level of four drawings, so that the design documents can meet the requirements of construction, bidding and nursery statistics.
For the planting part with detailed landscape requirements, the construction drawing should provide elevation, section, reference or text description and annotation to express the relationship between plant height and plant modeling form.
3.3 Numeric and Text Labels
From the point of view of cartography and convenient labeling, plant planting forms can be divided into point planting, patch planting and lawn planting, which can be labeled in different ways.
3.3. 1 point planting
Point planting can be divided into conventional planting and free planting. For conventional point planting (such as street trees, array planting, etc. ), the row spacing of trees and the distance between planting points and reference objects can be marked by size. For freestyle point planting (such as solitary tree planting), you can use coordinates (AutoCAD-assisted, easy to do) to mark the location of the planting point clearly or use triangulation to mark it.
Point planting plants often have strict requirements on the shape and specifications of plants, which should be clearly expressed in the construction drawings. In addition to the elevation and profile, you can also use characters to indicate the planted trees and shrubs (DQ1,DQ2, DQ3, … DG1,DG2, DG2, DQ3, DQ3, DZ 1, DZ2,
The planting, pruning and modeling codes of plants can use Roman numerals: I, II, III, IV, V and VI, which respectively represent natural growth, spherical opening, cylinder, cone and so on.
Thin plate planting
Patch planting refers to the planting form of trees, shrubs and herbs (except turf) within a specific boundary. For this planting form, the construction drawing should draw a clear boundary line of planting range, indicating the name, specification and density of the plant.
For the plate planting with regular edge line geometry, the method of dimension marking can be used to provide the basis for construction setting-out. For sheet planting with irregular free edge lines, a square grid should be drawn. See the text marking method, combined with the seedling table, PQ, PG and Arabic numerals are used to represent the trees and shrubs planted in pieces respectively.
Turf planting
Planting turf in the green planting area outside the planting scope of the above two planting forms. The legend is represented by dot method, and the label should indicate the name, specifications and planting area of the lawn.
3.4 Contents and format of nursery stock table
The main functions of the seedling table are:
(1) If there are plants in the drawing, indicate the names of the plants;
② Write the Latin scientific names of plants to avoid misunderstanding caused by foreign bodies with the same name;
(3) Define the seedling size, modeling requirements, planting area, density and quantity used in planting construction. The content and format are shown in.
4. Conclusion
In the design practice, the author adopts the method described in this paper, which improves the operability of the construction drawing of garden plant planting design and makes the design drawing more scientific and reasonable. It is suggested that the relevant departments should consider the problems mentioned in this paper when revising the relevant specifications of garden plant planting design and drawing.
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