Impatiens, alias henna, impatience, daughter flower, Jin Fenghua. Impatiens, panicum miliaceum. The stems are erect, and the plant height ranges from 30 cm to 80 cm. The stems are stout, juicy and smooth, and the nodes are green or dark brown. Stem color is related to color. Leaves alternate, narrowly lanceolate, with serrated edges. Single or several flowers are clustered in leaf axils, with three sepals, two smaller ones on the side and one larger one on the back, extending outward for a certain distance. There are five petals, two pairs together, like three petals, or double petals, white, pink, red, purple or variegated, and sometimes the petals have stripes and spots. Flowering: June ~ 65438+ 10. The capsule is oval-pointed, the seeds are round and yellow-brown, and it is easy to burst when mature.
Native to India, South China and Malaysia. Widely cultivated all over the world. It is warm and cold at first, with plenty of sunshine, suitable for deep moist, loose and fertile slightly acidic soil with good drainage. It is an annual herbaceous flower. It is one of the widely cultivated grass flowers among the people. There are more than 200 varieties of Impatiens in China recorded in Impatiens Spectrum in Qing Dynasty.
Impatiens likes heat and cold, and has strong adaptability and can reproduce itself. Whole grass can be used as medicine, and flowers are mainly used for snake injury and waist and rib pain; Roots and leaves can disperse blood and dredge meridians.
Planting points:
1. Sow before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day, do not cover the soil after sowing, and cover with plastic film to keep warm to prevent late spring cold;
2. Sex likes warm and sufficient light, is not cold-resistant, avoids exposure to the hot sun, likes humidity and fears drought, and avoids waterlogging. When the water is insufficient, it is easy to fall flowers and leaves. Strong adaptability to soil.
3. Germination soil temperature: 22-25℃ Germination days: 5-8 days.
Suitable growth temperature: 16-22℃ from sowing to flowering: 60-70 days.
Now most of the flower markets are impatiens in New Guinea. Impatiens of New Guinea is a perennial evergreen herb of Impatiens of Impatiens family. Rich in color, bright and cheerful in color, blooming in all seasons, flourishing in flowers and long in flowering period; The plant is plump, the leaves are clean and beautiful, and the leaf color and shape are unique; It grows fast, can be naturally shaped, and is suitable for the annual supply of fashionable potted flowers.
Growth conditions of impatiens balsamina: the ideal vegetative growth temperature is 22℃ ~ 25℃ during the day and 20℃ ~ 21℃ at night; After 5 weeks, the daytime temperature of tall plants is 24℃ ~ 26℃, the nighttime temperature is 65438 08℃, the daytime temperature of compact plants is 20℃ ~ 265438 0℃, and the nighttime temperature is 65438 08℃. The night temperature of 65438 08℃ is the ideal temperature for flower differentiation and development, especially under the condition of weak light. When the daytime temperature exceeds 28℃ ~ 29℃, it should be shaded, otherwise the flowers will shrink. The temperature below 15℃ or above 32℃ will affect the normal growth. It needs plenty of light, but it needs to block out strong light in summer.
Cultivation techniques: the finished flowers are generally planted in flowerpots of 10 ~ 15 cm; The matrix should be loose, breathable and have certain water retention. Very sensitive to salt damage, it is appropriate to apply thin fertilizer often. Avoid watering too much or drought. The optimum PH value is 5.8 ~ 6.5. In order to make plants plump, we should remove the core and shape them. Seeding in mid-April, the seedlings grow faster. Generally, after transplanting once, they should be planted in the open field with a spacing of 30-40CM, and should be watered in time in dry season. Flowering in mid-July, the flowering period is 40-50 days. After bloom, topdressing should be done once. June 65438+1 October1If flowers are used, they can be planted in late July.
Fertilize and water: use 50 ~ 100ppm nitrogen fertilizer in the first three weeks, and use 100ppm nitrogen fertilizer in the last three weeks, then fertilize according to soil analysis and water once every two weeks to avoid salt damage. Twisted, dark green and curly leaves are signals of high salt content, and the application of slow-release fertilizers and micro-fertilizers often leads to poisoning.
Pest control: the main diseases are botrytis cinerea, pythium, Rhizoctonia solani and powdery mildew. Low salt and proper irrigation can avoid pythium. Insect pests: always pay attention to the prevention and control of thrips, spiders (curly growth points) and fungal mosquitoes before flowering, otherwise the application of pesticides during flowering will affect the development of flowers. Fungal mosquitoes can be prevented by irrigating the roots with 35 ounces/100 gallons of medicine.
A, impatiens powdery mildew
Symptoms The disease mainly occurs on leaves and shoots. Generally, it begins in June, and leaves are covered with white powder after July. Subsequently, small yellow spots were formed in the white powder layer, which gradually became darker and finally became dark brown.
Transmission route pathogens overwinter in the residues and seeds of diseased plants. In the second year, the environment is suitable, and germs spread through wind and rain. August to September is the peak of the disease.
Prevention and cure method
1. Don't plant too densely, properly ventilate, strengthen fertilizer and water management, and enhance plant disease resistance. Remove diseased leaves and plants, destroy them centrally, and reduce the source of infection.
2. Use 15% triadimefon wettable powder 1000~ 1200 times solution or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000 times solution for control. Avoid spraying at high temperature above 32℃ to avoid phytotoxicity.
Second, impatiens brown spot disease
Impatiens brown spot, also known as Impatiens leaf spot, occurs all over China.
Symptomatic diseases mainly occur in leaves. At first, the diseased spots on the leaves are small yellow-brown spots, then they expand into circles or ellipses, and then turn into light brown at the center, with brown edges and inconspicuous wheel lines. On the seriously ill leaves, the diseased spots are contiguous, causing the leaves to turn yellow until the plants die.
The transmission route of bacteria overwinters on Impatiens remnants and soil plant fragments. In the next year, when the environmental conditions are suitable, the bacteria will spread through the wind and rain. It is easy to get sick in hot and rainy season.
Prevention and cure method
1 impatiens likes fertile sandy loam and is not tolerant to waterlogging. Therefore, sandy loam should be planted to facilitate drainage; Potted impatiens should be watered in time after the rain. At the end of autumn, we should focus on destroying diseased leaves and plants to reduce the source of infection in the coming year.
2. Use 25% carbendazim wettable powder 300~600 times, 50% thiophanate-methyl 100 times or 75% chlorothalonil 1000 times to control the disease at the early stage.
Third, impatiens wilt.
Symptomatic pathogens mainly infect rhizomes, and the diseased parts turn black or atrophy. White mold will grow on it when it is wet. After the plant was infected, the leaves withered and dried within a few days, resulting in the death of the whole plant.
Transmission routing
1. mainly overwinters in soil or diseased body in the form of hyphae or sclerotia, and the hyphae in soil live saprophytically without dormancy.
2. In the field, infection is mainly caused by contact, that is, when roots, stems and leaves of plants come into contact with diseased soil, they will be infected by hyphae in the soil. Under the condition of water film, healthy leaves that come into contact with the diseased parts will get sick. In addition, seeds, farm tools and compost containing bacteria can also spread the disease.
Prevention and treatment: Spraying 600 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder, or 500 times of 60% Dover wettable powder and 20% methylprednisolone EC 1200 times at the initial stage of the disease.
Four. Impatiens wilt
Symptoms occur at the roots. At first, it turns brown and shrinks at the roots, and then it causes the symptoms of withering. Generally, flower beds have more diseases in rainy season and when potted plants are too wet.
Transmission route and pathogenic conditions: the pathogen overwinters in the form of seeds or mycelium and oospores with diseased residues in the soil, and spreads through wind, rain and irrigation water. Pathogens infect seedlings and cause lodging. Adult stage, due to heavy rain and high humidity, easy to get sick. The optimum temperature for pathogen development is 27℃ ~ 365,438+0℃, the highest temperature is 36℃, and the lowest temperature is 65,438+00℃. When the continuous cropping area is rainy or wet, or the soil is sticky, the terrain is low and the disease is serious.
Prevention and cure method
1. Remove diseased leaves; Increase the application amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
2. Spraying 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 500-600 times, or 40% foscarnet aluminum (ethyl aluminum phosphate) wettable powder 200 times, 70% foscarnet manganese zinc wettable powder 500 times, 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc 400-500 times, and 72.2% Pluronic water solution 700-800 times at the initial stage of the disease.
The main problems in cultivation are delayed flowering or non-flowering: insufficient light, too high night temperature (above 20℃) and too high nitrogen fertilizer consumption, which often coexist; No rooting or initial growth, root rot, too wet substrate, and often low temperature (below 20℃), sometimes too high salt content; If only some plants don't grow, fungi and mosquitoes may be a reason. Flower sterility or few flowers: usually caused by insufficient light and high night temperature (above 20℃ at night), and it is more serious at the same time; High nitrogen fertilizer, especially high ammonia nitrogen fertilizer, will also cause it, and the above situation will be more serious.
Interesting talk about the name of impatiens
Impatiens commonly known as "henna". Because the red impatiens petals are mashed and added with a little alum, they can dye nails, bright red and lovely, and will not fade for months. This method has always been popular, so "henna" has become synonymous with impatiens.
Impatiens have always been classified as inferior varieties of flowers and plants, but they can't be put in flowerpots, and even flower beds are unwilling to accommodate them. Impatiens are planted in the corner of the fence, and chrysanthemums are planted in better places, so some people call it "chrysanthemum maid"
However, the grade of review flowers varies from person to person. Some people love impatiens, calling it "Jin Fenghua", and "Qunfangpu" says: "Its flower head, wings, tail and feet are all like phoenix, so it is named after Jinfeng."
Shape has two other names. Impatiens leaves are long and serrated, much like peach leaves, so they are called "oleander". Of course, it is inevitably mixed with real oleander. Impatiens fruit is gourd fruit, which looks like DOG, so some people call it "little pink".
"Good daughter flower" is also another name for impatiens. It turned out that the queen of Song Guangzong was afraid of Phoenix, and the concubines and attendants of the officials made up this interesting flower name to avoid it.
Impatiens also has a funny English name "Don't touch me", because when its seeds are ripe, a little touch will scatter "bullets" in their small pockets full of seeds, which is very interesting. According to this feature, Chinese medicine also calls it "impatience".
In addition, impatiens has other aliases, such as henna flower, feather flower, early pearl, and garden balsam.
Impatiens have so many colors that you are amazed. How did this little flower grow so many colors? We have to sigh the magic of nature. In fact, there are more than 200 varieties of Impatiens in China recorded in Impatiens Spectrum in Qing Dynasty.
Impatiens, alias henna, impatience, daughter flower, Jin Fenghua. Impatiens, panicum miliaceum. The stems are erect, and the plant height ranges from 30 cm to 80 cm. The stems are stout, juicy and smooth, and the nodes are green or dark brown. Stem color is related to color. Leaves alternate, narrowly lanceolate, with serrated edges. Single or several flowers are clustered in leaf axils, with three sepals, two smaller ones on the side and one larger one on the back, extending outward for a certain distance. There are five petals, two pairs together, like three petals, or double petals, white, pink, red, purple or variegated, and sometimes the petals have stripes and spots. Flowering: June ~ 65438+ 10. The capsule is oval-pointed, the seeds are round and yellow-brown, and it is easy to burst when mature.
Native to India, South China and Malaysia. Widely cultivated all over the world. It is warm and cold at first, with plenty of sunshine, suitable for deep moist, loose and fertile slightly acidic soil with good drainage. It is an annual herbaceous flower. It is one of the widely cultivated grass flowers among the people. There are more than 200 varieties of Impatiens in China recorded in Impatiens Spectrum in Qing Dynasty.
Impatiens likes heat and cold, and has strong adaptability and can reproduce itself. Whole grass can be used as medicine, and flowers are mainly used for snake injury and waist and rib pain; Roots and leaves can disperse blood and dredge meridians.
Planting points:
1. Sow before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day, do not cover the soil after sowing, and cover with plastic film to keep warm to prevent late spring cold;
2. Sex likes warm and sufficient light, is not cold-resistant, avoids exposure to the hot sun, likes humidity and fears drought, and avoids waterlogging. When the water is insufficient, it is easy to fall flowers and leaves. Strong adaptability to soil.
3. Germination soil temperature: 22-25℃ Germination days: 5-8 days.
Suitable growth temperature: 16-22℃ from sowing to flowering: 60-70 days.
Now most of the flower markets are impatiens in New Guinea. Impatiens of New Guinea is a perennial evergreen herb of Impatiens of Impatiens family. Rich in color, bright and cheerful in color, blooming in all seasons, flourishing in flowers and long in flowering period; The plant is plump, the leaves are clean and beautiful, and the leaf color and shape are unique; It grows fast, can be naturally shaped, and is suitable for the annual supply of fashionable potted flowers.
Growth conditions of impatiens balsamina: the ideal vegetative growth temperature is 22℃ ~ 25℃ during the day and 20℃ ~ 21℃ at night; After 5 weeks, the daytime temperature of tall plants is 24℃ ~ 26℃, the nighttime temperature is 65438 08℃, the daytime temperature of compact plants is 20℃ ~ 265438 0℃, and the nighttime temperature is 65438 08℃. The night temperature of 65438 08℃ is the ideal temperature for flower differentiation and development, especially under the condition of weak light. When the daytime temperature exceeds 28℃ ~ 29℃, it should be shaded, otherwise the flowers will shrink. The temperature below 15℃ or above 32℃ will affect the normal growth. It needs plenty of light, but it needs to block out strong light in summer.
Cultivation techniques: the finished flowers are generally planted in flowerpots of 10 ~ 15 cm; The matrix should be loose, breathable and have certain water retention. Very sensitive to salt damage, it is appropriate to apply thin fertilizer often. Avoid watering too much or drought. The optimum PH value is 5.8 ~ 6.5. In order to make plants plump, we should remove the core and shape them. Seeding in mid-April, the seedlings grow faster. Generally, after transplanting once, they should be planted in the open field with a spacing of 30-40CM, and should be watered in time in dry season. Flowering in mid-July, the flowering period is 40-50 days. After bloom, topdressing should be done once. June 65438+1 October1If flowers are used, they can be planted in late July.
Fertilize and water: use 50 ~ 100ppm nitrogen fertilizer in the first three weeks, and use 100ppm nitrogen fertilizer in the last three weeks, then fertilize according to soil analysis and water once every two weeks to avoid salt damage. Twisted, dark green and curly leaves are signals of high salt content, and the application of slow-release fertilizers and micro-fertilizers often leads to poisoning.
Pest control: the main diseases are botrytis cinerea, pythium, Rhizoctonia solani and powdery mildew. Low salt and proper irrigation can avoid pythium. Insect pests: always pay attention to the prevention and control of thrips, spiders (curly growth points) and fungal mosquitoes before flowering, otherwise the application of pesticides during flowering will affect the development of flowers. Fungal mosquitoes can be prevented by irrigating the roots with 35 ounces/100 gallons of medicine.
A, impatiens powdery mildew
Symptoms The disease mainly occurs on leaves and shoots. Generally, it begins in June, and leaves are covered with white powder after July. Subsequently, small yellow spots were formed in the white powder layer, which gradually became darker and finally became dark brown.
Transmission route pathogens overwinter in the residues and seeds of diseased plants. In the second year, the environment is suitable, and germs spread through wind and rain. August to September is the peak of the disease.
Prevention and cure method
1. Don't plant too densely, properly ventilate, strengthen fertilizer and water management, and enhance plant disease resistance. Remove diseased leaves and plants, destroy them centrally, and reduce the source of infection.
2. Use 15% triadimefon wettable powder 1000~ 1200 times solution or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000 times solution for control. Avoid spraying at high temperature above 32℃ to avoid phytotoxicity.
Second, impatiens brown spot disease
Impatiens brown spot, also known as Impatiens leaf spot, occurs all over China.
Symptomatic diseases mainly occur in leaves. At first, the diseased spots on the leaves are small yellow-brown spots, then they expand into circles or ellipses, and then turn into light brown at the center, with brown edges and inconspicuous wheel lines. On the seriously ill leaves, the diseased spots are contiguous, causing the leaves to turn yellow until the plants die.
The transmission route of bacteria overwinters on Impatiens remnants and soil plant fragments. In the next year, when the environmental conditions are suitable, the bacteria will spread through the wind and rain. It is easy to get sick in hot and rainy season.
Prevention and cure method
1 impatiens likes fertile sandy loam and is not tolerant to waterlogging. Therefore, sandy loam should be planted to facilitate drainage; Potted impatiens should be watered in time after the rain. At the end of autumn, we should focus on destroying diseased leaves and plants to reduce the source of infection in the coming year.
2. Use 25% carbendazim wettable powder 300~600 times, 50% thiophanate-methyl 100 times or 75% chlorothalonil 1000 times to control the disease at the early stage.
Third, impatiens wilt.
Symptomatic pathogens mainly infect rhizomes, and the diseased parts turn black or atrophy. White mold will grow on it when it is wet. After the plant was infected, the leaves withered and dried within a few days, resulting in the death of the whole plant.
Transmission routing
1. mainly overwinters in soil or diseased body in the form of hyphae or sclerotia, and the hyphae in soil live saprophytically without dormancy.
2. In the field, infection is mainly caused by contact, that is, when roots, stems and leaves of plants come into contact with diseased soil, they will be infected by hyphae in the soil. Under the condition of water film, healthy leaves that come into contact with the diseased parts will get sick. In addition, seeds, farm tools and compost containing bacteria can also spread the disease.
Prevention and treatment: Spraying 600 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder, or 500 times of 60% Dover wettable powder and 20% methylprednisolone EC 1200 times at the initial stage of the disease.
Four. Impatiens wilt
Symptoms occur at the roots. At first, it turns brown and shrinks at the roots, and then it causes the symptoms of withering. Generally, flower beds have more diseases in rainy season and when potted plants are too wet.
Transmission route and pathogenic conditions: the pathogen overwinters in the form of seeds or mycelium and oospores with diseased residues in the soil, and spreads through wind, rain and irrigation water. Pathogens infect seedlings and cause lodging. Adult stage, due to heavy rain and high humidity, easy to get sick. The optimum temperature for pathogen development is 27℃ ~ 365,438+0℃, the highest temperature is 36℃, and the lowest temperature is 65,438+00℃. When the continuous cropping area is rainy or wet, or the soil is sticky, the terrain is low and the disease is serious.
Prevention and cure method
1. Remove diseased leaves; Increase the application amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
2. Spraying 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 500-600 times, or 40% foscarnet aluminum (ethyl aluminum phosphate) wettable powder 200 times, 70% foscarnet manganese zinc wettable powder 500 times, 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc 400-500 times, and 72.2% Pluronic water solution 700-800 times at the initial stage of the disease.
The main problems in cultivation are delayed flowering or non-flowering: insufficient light, too high night temperature (above 20℃) and too high nitrogen fertilizer consumption, which often coexist; No rooting or initial growth, root rot, too wet substrate, and often low temperature (below 20℃), sometimes too high salt content; If only some plants don't grow, fungi and mosquitoes may be a reason. Flower sterility or few flowers: usually caused by insufficient light and high night temperature (above 20℃ at night), and it is more serious at the same time; High nitrogen fertilizer, especially high ammonia nitrogen fertilizer, will also cause it, and the above situation will be more serious.
Interesting talk about the name of impatiens
Impatiens commonly known as "henna". Because the red impatiens petals are mashed and added with a little alum, they can dye nails, bright red and lovely, and will not fade for months. This method has always been popular, so "henna" has become synonymous with impatiens.
Impatiens have always been classified as inferior varieties of flowers and plants, but they can't be put in flowerpots, and even flower beds are unwilling to accommodate them. Impatiens are planted in the corner of the fence, and chrysanthemums are planted in better places, so some people call it "chrysanthemum maid"
However, the grade of review flowers varies from person to person. Some people love impatiens, calling it "Jin Fenghua", and "Qunfangpu" says: "Its flower head, wings, tail and feet are all like phoenix, so it is named after Jinfeng."
Shape has two other names. Impatiens leaves are long and serrated, much like peach leaves, so they are called "oleander". Of course, it is inevitably mixed with real oleander. Impatiens fruit is gourd fruit, which looks like DOG, so some people call it "little pink".
"Good daughter flower" is also another name for impatiens. It turned out that the queen of Song Guangzong was afraid of Phoenix, and the concubines and attendants of the officials made up this interesting flower name to avoid it.
Impatiens also has a funny English name "Don't touch me", because when its seeds are ripe, a little touch will scatter "bullets" in their small pockets full of seeds, which is very interesting. According to this feature, Chinese medicine also calls it "impatience".
In addition, impatiens has other aliases, such as henna flower, feather flower, early pearl, and garden balsam.