1. Strengthen the comprehensive management of soil, fertilizer and water. Soil Management Apricot is a deep-rooted tree species. With the increase of tree age, the root system expands rapidly and the range of absorbing nutrients is also expanding. Therefore, deep turning over the tree tray can improve soil structure, promote root growth, improve cold resistance and reduce the overwintering base of pests, which is beneficial to apricot trees, maintain soil permeability, enhance fertilizer and water storage capacity and root growth. Generally speaking, deep ploughing can be carried out in spring and autumn, but deep ploughing in autumn is more beneficial and can be carried out together with fertilization. Deep ploughing will hurt roots, but be careful not to hurt thick roots and big roots. Small roots heal easily after injury. In addition, fertilization can increase the absorption capacity of leaves on the ground, promote the vegetative growth of the above-ground parts, and store a lot of nutrients at the same time, laying the foundation for apricot trees to bloom in the next spring. 2. Fertilization Apricot trees mainly apply organic fertilizer. Rational fertilization can promote the growth of trees, well differentiate flower buds, reduce the rate of flower loss, increase the proportion of complete flowers, improve the rate of fruit setting, reduce fruit drop, prolong the fruiting period, and make apricot orchards high-yield, high-yield and stable. There are three ways to fertilize apricot trees: ① base fertilizer. Rotten farmyard manure is the main fertilizer, which can be applied in strips, circles and scatters. According to the growth of trees, 50 ~ 100 kg of organic fertilizer should be applied to each plant, and the base fertilizer should be applied sooner rather than later in autumn, usually in September. ② Topdressing. Topdressing, also called "fertilizer supplement", is to make up for the lack of nutrients during the growth of apricot trees. It needs to be carried out five times a year, mainly according to the different stages of apricot tree growth and development. Fertilization before the first flowering can make the flowering neat and consistent and improve the fruit setting rate. During this period, the temperature changed greatly. In order to prevent freezing injury caused by late spring cold, it is necessary to spray 1 1000 times of fruit tree special liquid to prevent falling flowers and fruits. Fertilization after the second flowering is a supplement to the nutrition consumed by apricot trees after flowering. In the early flowering period, bees are released or artificial pollination is assisted, or 0.3% borax and 0.3% urea solution are sprayed on the whole tree in the full flowering period to improve the fruit setting rate. The third time, the flower buds are divided into chemical fertilizers. During the growing period, due to the rapid expansion of fruits, a lot of nutrients are consumed. If it is not supplied in time, it is not conducive to flower bud differentiation. The fourth fruit-promoting fertilizer, topdressing at the fruit expansion stage, can promote the size and neatness of the fruit. Because the consumption of nutrients in these three periods is large, the ability of disease resistance and stress resistance is reduced. In addition to timely and appropriate topdressing to increase nutrition, we should also spray Tianda 2 1 16 special liquid for fruit trees 1000 times to coordinate nutrition and reproductive growth, promote the directional supply of light and products in leaves, enhance light and efficiency, reduce the loss of respiratory energy, and promote leaf growth and rapid fruit expansion. Fertilization after the fifth harvest can supplement the deficiency of nutritional elements after fruit harvest. Topdressing is mainly available phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, with a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer. The purpose of topdressing at this stage is to increase tree nutrition and enhance winter frost resistance. Applying organic bio-fertilizer before defoliation, spraying 0.3% urea on leaves, reaching 2 1 16 special fruit trees, can slow down leaf senescence and effectively promote leaf nutrients to flow back to branches. The increase of branch nutrients is beneficial to the development of flower buds, promoting the safe overwintering of fruit trees and reducing the occurrence of annual phenomenon. The leaves will not age prematurely, and the nutrients produced by photosynthesis will be stored in the trees, which will lay a good foundation for full bud, flowering and fruiting in the coming year. 3. Water before flowering in spring, and it is best not to water during the fruit expansion period and maturity period, so as to avoid the fruit falling and cracking before harvesting. After autumn to before winter, with the application of base fertilizer, water the winter once. You can water it three times a year. The second is to trim and adjust the tree structure. Reasonable pruning can control the tree potential, improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the crown, adjust the balance relationship between trees, promote the formation of flower buds, increase the fruiting parts, avoid the phenomenon of big and small years, prolong the fruiting life of trees, and achieve the purpose of stability, height and Excellence. However, if it is managed extensively or left unchecked, it will often lead to crowded peripheral branches and bare inner cavities, and some of them will move outward. Reasonable pruning can make the tree compact, the branches evenly distributed and the structure reasonable. At present, the trees commonly used in production include natural round head shape, evacuation layered shape and open heart shape. Pruning apricot trees has different emphases at different ages. 1. Young trees grow vigorously in the young tree period and are easy to form strong branches. The main task of pruning is to reshape and expand the crown, not only to cultivate a good tree structure, but also to consider the early yield. Therefore, pruning should be light rather than heavy, and in summer, bud thinning and core removal are the main methods. The seedlings should be shortened by 60 ~ 80 cm, and the branches that have been smoked should be reserved purposefully. When the branches grow to 80 cm, the temporary branches should be cored at 60 cm to promote short branches and middle branches to form fruiting branches. 2. Apricot trees planted for 2-3 years in the fruiting period will soon blossom and bear fruit and produce yield. The purpose of pruning is to continue the plastic work, expand the crown and cultivate as many fruiting branches as possible. When pruning in winter, the backbone branches at all levels should be cut short when the buds are full, and the upright branches and overlapping branches should be thinned out. Pruning, coring, short cutting and thinning should be continued in summer. As long as the position and direction are suitable, we should pay attention to keep the long branches germinate slowly in the crown, do not cut them off, change the branch potential and form fruiting branches. 3. After pruning, the tree structure is fully formed in the full fruit period, which is the golden period of apricot life. The yield increased year by year, but the branch growth decreased, and the reproductive growth was greater than the vegetative growth. During this period, on the basis of strengthening fertilizer and water management, the internal lighting conditions were improved by pruning, controlling the outward movement of the fruiting parts, shortening the backbone branches at all levels, updating and cultivating the fruiting branches, and thinning out the over-dense upright branches. Keep the tree strong and prolong the full fruit period. 4. With the increase of tree age, the growth of branches decreases relatively, and most branches are planted at the periphery and top. The main task is to renew and rejuvenate the fruiting branches, recover the tree vigor, increase the yield, realize economic benefits and cultivate and produce new branches by weakening and retaining the strength. Third, the main pests and diseases control apricot common diseases are mainly early defoliation, gummosis, scab and root rot, and pests mainly include aphids, scale insects, stem borers, pear borers and scarabs. 1. Clean the fallen leaves in the orchard every winter, eliminate overwintering germs and some overwintering larvae, and wash and spray 5 degrees sulfur mixture and 500 times solution of sodium pentachlorophenol before germination; The aphid/kloc-0 was killed by smearing the trunk with amino acids and 0/00 times of methamidophos/kloc-0 or spraying 65,438+0,500 times of Tianda Aphids Loufu and 800 times of 80% Sheng Da wettable powder or 2000 times of fenvalerate emulsifiable concentrate or 65,438+0,000 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder. Root rot can be irrigated with bordeaux solution 200 times or tianda hymexazol solution 3000 times. 2. Prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control. Commonly used fungicides are polyoxin 500-fold solution, Sheng Da M-45800-fold solution and thiophanate-methyl 1000-fold solution to eliminate germs. 3. Pest control should be based on the occurrence law of pests and timely medication. Commonly used pesticides have killing power of 2000 times and beta-cypermethrin 1500 times, which are sprayed once every 10 ~ 20 days, and are used together with fungicides and foliar fertilizers. Spraying 20% triclosan 800 times solution to control red spider. It is forbidden to use copper preparations and organophosphorus pesticides in the young fruit period to prevent fruit rust and fruit surface pollution.