Song Gaozong was the leader of the capitulators in the early years of Southern Song Dynasty. At the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty, Li Gang, an anti-Japanese faction, became prime minister, but Li Gang was soon driven away, and Wang Boyan and Huang Qianshan, his minions, abandoned the Central Plains and fled from Yingtianfu, Nanjing to Yangzhou to enjoy themselves. 1 129 (the third year of jianyan) In September, nomadic people crossed the south of the Yangtze River, and Song Gaozong led his troops to flee south. In October, I went to Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang), then fled to Mingzhou (now Ningbo, Zhejiang), from Mingzhou to Dinghai (now Zhenhai, Zhejiang), drifted to the sea and fled to Wenzhou (now Zhejiang). Xia Jinbing didn't return to Shaoxing (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang) and Lin 'an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) until he withdrew from Jiangnan in four years, and later Lin 'an was designated as the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty.

It is said that the relocation of the capital at that time was determined after three repeated debates. After analyzing the military situation in Song and Jin Dynasties, I came to the conclusion: "Today, it is impossible to fight and make peace." On the one hand, nomads from everywhere take the initiative to attack, and Song Jun always defends passively, which was the long-term situation of the war at that time. Moreover, Jiankang is close to the front line and not as safe as Hangzhou in the rear. The water network in western Zhejiang is vertical and horizontal, which is not conducive to cavalry activities. Hangzhou has this natural barrier, which gives the rulers a sense of security.

On the other hand, since the Tang and Song Dynasties, Hangzhou has risen rapidly and become the "first state in the southeast" with abundant everything. This large-scale urban system and relatively strong material foundation are exactly what is necessary as a national capital.

"Xixi Stay" Stone: The victory of Qiantang is named "Three Wests" (West Lake, Xixi and Xiling), and the victory of Xixi lies in water alone. Since the Tang Dynasty, Xixi has been famous for enjoying plum, bamboo, reed and flowers. "Exploring plum blossoms in Xixi" is one of the eighteen scenic spots in the West Lake.

"Although there is no weak water for three thousand miles, you can't come unless you are immortal" ... According to the Records of Qiantang County in Guangxu of Qing Dynasty, in the third year of Song Jianyian (1 129), Song Gaozong passed Xixi, wanted to build its capital here, and then got the Phoenix Mountain, so it was called "Xixi and stayed." The name "stay" came from this. It is said that after Zhao Gou ascended the throne and made its capital in Hangzhou, in order to facilitate himself and officials to go to Yuhang's Cave Night Palace to pray for God, he specially built a stone road from the ancient swing to the number of miles, which was called "Xixi Road". For thousands of years, Xixi people have lived here for generations, plowing and fishing, and living a quiet life with plenty of food and clothing.

Lin' an ancient capital

In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhao Gou moved the capital to Hangzhou to build the Forbidden City, and was finally promoted to Lin 'an House in Hangzhou. The Imperial Capital chose Phoenix Mountain and began to build palaces. In the eighth year of Shaoxing (1 138), Lin 'an was officially made its capital in the Southern Song Dynasty. The Forbidden City is located in Song Cheng Road at the eastern foot of Phoenix Mountain, east of Shantou Mountain, west of Phoenix Mountain, north of Wansongling Road and south of Broom Bay. The palace is built on the mountain, and the halls and pavilions are stacked. There are about 130 halls and pavilions.

But on the whole, the palaces in the Southern Song Dynasty were built on the economic basis because of their small area, and many of them were multi-purpose in one hall, which was very different from the Forbidden City. Moreover, Hangzhou is located in the south of the Yangtze River, which is hot in summer and has many characteristics in the form of palace architecture. Doors and windows can be disassembled and ventilated, and insulation layer can be added to keep warm when it is cold in winter

However, the scope of the imperial city in the Southern Song Dynasty is not large, and the buildings that can be accommodated are limited. After all, Lin 'an Palace was defined as a temporary capital from the beginning of its construction, which is simple to use and low in cost. But in fact, the Southern Song Dynasty did not realize the ideal of returning to the eastern capital, and various temporary ideas in the original palace planning have always affected the construction and use of the imperial city. For example, as the most important hall in the imperial court, there was only one hall in Shaoxing 12 years ago. According to the Records of History and Geography of Song Dynasty, "The six halls, Wen Yi, Chenzi, Xiangxi and Ying Ji, were renamed as one hall." This is the case in this period.

The whole imperial city of Southern Song Dynasty is different from the imperial city of Tang Dynasty in Xi 'an, the imperial city of Northern Song Dynasty in Kaifeng and the imperial city of Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing. It is not a straight rectangle, but an irregular square with high west and low east. The palace wall is about three feet high, and its western edge winds along the mountain, which is higher than the south, east and north sides. Imagine that the eastern foot of Fenghuang Mountain at that time should be extremely luxurious and magnificent. At that time, the population of Lin 'an had reached 6.5438+0.5 million, while the population of Venice, the most prosperous city in the west, was only/kloc-0.0 million. Today's major cities in the world are still immersed in the darkness of ignorance at that time. Only the Southern Song Dynasty Imperial City in Hangzhou is brightly lit, reflecting the blue sky and the east of the world.

At that time, the royal "ouchi" was also the seat of the Sui and Tang governments, and King Qian Liu of wuyue also built a palace here. It seems that the emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty took a fancy to this place for historical reasons.

However, the layout of the imperial city in the Southern Song Dynasty created the precedent of "Nangong North City".

Before the Song Dynasty, there were two kinds of ancient capital layouts in China: one was that the imperial palace was in the north and the houses were in the south, such as Chang 'an in the Tang Dynasty; Second, the palace is in the center of the city, surrounded by folk houses, such as the capital of song dynasty.

In Hangzhou in the Southern Song Dynasty, palaces were in the south and houses and markets were in the north. It should be said that "this pattern is most suitable for the actual situation in Hangzhou at that time. At that time, the main land for urban development between West Lake and Qiantang River was in the north of Wu Shan, and the palace was placed in the south, leaving enough space for the development of the northern part of the city. "

However, the palaces in the Southern Song Dynasty were finally destroyed by fire in the Yuan Dynasty. Up to now, the surface buildings have basically disappeared, and the main palace sites are buried about two or three meters underground.