The source is the dried flowers of the Solanaceae plant Datura white or Datura datura.
Plant form ① White Datura, also known as: Mandala, Mountain Eggplant ("Compendium"), Big Belladonna ("Herbal Preparation"), Belladonna, Mandala ( "Guangxi Tongzhi"), wild castor, pig belladonna, pig polo, mouse worry, white flower mandala, golden plate lychee.
Annual herb, almost hairless overall. The stem is upright, cylindrical, 25-60 cm high, with a lignified base and forked branches at the upper part. The leaves are alternate, and the upper leaves are almost opposite; The petiole is 2 to 6 cm long, with sparse short hairs on the surface; the leaves are oval, long oval or heart-shaped, 8 to 14 cm long and 6 to 9 cm wide, with an apex acuminate or sharp, asymmetrical base, round or Nearly broadly wedge-shaped, with entire margin or triangular short teeth, both sides hairless or sparsely covered with short hairs; the back of the veins is raised.
The flowers are solitary in the leaf axil or between the upper branches; the pedicel is short, upright or extending obliquely, covered with white pubescence; the calyx is tubular, 4 to 6 cm long, light yellow-green, with 5 lobes at the apex. The lobes are triangular, with a pointed apex. After flowering, the calyx tube splits and falls off near the base. The remaining calyx tube remains at the base. It enlarges into a disc shape when in fruit, and the edge is not reflexed; the corolla is funnel-shaped, 12 to 16 cm long, The diameter of the top is 5-7 cm, gradually decreasing in diameter downward, white, with 5 ribs, 5 lobes, triangular shape, long pointed apex; 5 stamens, which do not protrude from the corolla tube, the anthers are linear, flat, and borne at the base; 1 pistil , ovary globose, with sparse short spines, 2-chambered, many ovules, style filamentous, stigma shield-shaped.
The capsule is round and spherical, with sparse short spines on the surface. It changes from green to light brown when mature.
There are many seeds, slightly triangular in shape.
The flowering period is from March to November.
The fruiting period is from April to November.
Grows on hillside grasslands or near homes.
Distributed in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei, Sichuan and other places; cultivated in Shanghai and Nanjing.
② Hairy Mandala, also known as: Soft Thorn Mandala, Hairy Flower Mandala.
Annual herb.
The shape is similar to the previous species, but the whole body is densely covered with white pubescence; the leaves are alternate or nearly opposite, the leaves are broadly ovate, 8 to 20 cm long, 5 to 12 cm wide, entire or Slightly wavy.
The flowers are white or light blue, the base of the calyx tube is present, and the edges are reflexed outward.
The capsule is nearly round, densely covered with soft needles.
The flowering period is from May to September.
The fruiting period is from June to October.
Distributed in Liaoning, Hebei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other places; cultivated in Beijing, Nanjing, Shanghai and other cities.
The roots (Datura root), leaves (Datura leaves), and fruits (Datura seeds) of the above two plants are also used for medicinal purposes, and there are detailed articles for each.
Collection is between August and November. Pick the newly opened flowers and dry them in the sun, shade or low heat.
You can also bundle them and then dry them in the sun.
Medicinal materials ① Nanyang golden flower: it is the dried flower of white datura.
Most of them are dozens of flowers bundled into a handful.
The calyx is usually removed.
The corolla is funnel-shaped, 10 to 15 cm long, yellow-brown to light brown, wrinkled, with longitudinal wrinkles on the tubular part. The upper part has 5 lobes, most of which are broken. The tips of the intact lobes are filamentous, with two There are depressions between them, and there are 5 stamens, most of which are wrapped in the corolla tube.
Pistil 1.
The flowers are papery and fragile.
It has a slight odor and a bitter and astringent taste.
The best ones are those with the calyx removed, large flowers, thick, neat, yellow-brown, and fragrant.
Mainly produced in Jiangsu, Fujian, Guangdong and other places.
②Northern Golden Flower: The dried flower of Datura datura.
Mostly scattered or tied into small handfuls.
The flower shape is similar to that of Goldenrod, but shorter, but with a yellow-green to gray-green calyx tube. The calyx tube has 5 edges and corners, 3 to 5 cm long, gray-green, and gray-white outer cover. pubescent.
The smell is the same as that of Nanyang Golden Flower.
The ones that are large, yellow-brown, complete, and free of impurities are preferred.
Mainly produced in Hebei, Shandong, Henan and other places.
In addition to the above two types, there are several dried flowers of the same plant, which are also used as medicine: ① Mandala, with light green stems.
The flowers are white.
The capsule is ovoid, with a long hard needle at the apex, and regular 4-lobed lobes when mature (distributed in all provinces along the Yangtze River Basin).
②Purple-flowered Datura, with light purple stems.
The flowers are lavender; the upper part of the calyx also has slight lavender spots.
The capsule is ovoid, with nearly equal-length hard needles; when mature, it has regular 4-lobed lobes (distributed in all provinces along the Yangtze River Basin).
③ Thornless Datura has white flowers and smooth thornless capsules.
④ Double mandala, with 2-3 layers of corolla, purple outside and white inside.