Loquat is different from most fruit trees. It blooms in autumn or early winter, and its fruit matures in spring to early summer, earlier than other fruits, so it is called "the only fruit tree with four seasons".
In most northern areas such as Shandong, Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, there will be severe cold weather in winter. Unless it has been domesticated in Dafeng and Suqian Shuyang loquat bases in Yancheng, northern Jiangsu, it is not suitable for planting loquat trees. After excessive low temperature in northern Jiangsu, it was transplanted to the north, with excellent cold tolerance, high survival rate and basically no dead seedlings.
Planting method:
First, apply fruit fertilizer.
After loquat matures, the nutritional level of the tree is relatively low, so it is necessary to apply sufficient fertilizer in time after fruit picking, and it is required to apply organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, and the amount of fertilization should account for about 50% of the whole year. Especially in high-yield orchards, the amount of fertilization should be increased, and farm manure 1000- 1500 kg, quick-acting compound fertilizer 50 kg and cake fertilizer 100- 150 kg can be applied per mu.
Fertilization should be applied in circular furrow with the crown dripping water as the boundary, and it must be completed one week after fruit picking, and irrigation should be done in time to facilitate the root system to absorb nutrients and promote the early germination of summer shoots.
Second, summer pruning
Summer pruning must be based on ventilation and light transmission to enhance the tree potential. Prune cross branches, overlapping branches, diseased branches and dead branches. The fruiting branches should be shortened: weak fruiting branches, 1-2 sprouting branches in spring, and too many weak branches should be thinned; For long branches, thinning should be carried out according to the spatial interval of the crown, and short sections or branches should be left; For the main branches with too many wounds, it is necessary to smear the wounds with sulfur mixture in time to prevent the wounds from being infected with germs and affecting the growth of trees.
Third, pest control.
The main pests and diseases are more common during the germination of summer shoots and the formation of fruiting mother branches.
The hazards include red spider, yellow spider, tail worm, yellow caterpillar, longicorn beetle, loquat gray butterfly, pear moth, branch rot, leaf spot and so on.
Leaf diseases should strengthen fertilizer and water management, improve irrigation and drainage facilities, and improve the disease resistance of trees. When it is hot and rainy in summer, spraying 30% Aimiao 3000 times solution +2% KaSu Ming 300 times solution on the leaves to control leaf spot and anthracnose, and using 2.5% force or 2000-3000 times solution to control pests. Make paste with 1:2 crown fungus copper and Lufeng 95, and smear the trunk 1 time every 4-5 days for 3 times continuously to prevent and control branch rot. April-May and August-165438+1October are the peak periods of occurrence of red spiders and yellow spiders, and 1.8% easy-cutting emulsifiable concentrate or 40% bitter dragon 1500 times solution is used for control.
Tailworm occurs twice a year, and its larvae live in groups and can be killed artificially. Use 2.5% effort or attack 2000-3000 times of liquid to control yellow caterpillars. From mid-June to August, longicorn laid eggs on the base of branches. After spawning, the branches are in a "Sichuan" shape, and the eggs are just laid by hand. If the larvae have eaten into the branches, inject 50- 100 times of 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate into the branches with a syringe and plug the holes with clay. Before bagging young fruits, spray 2.5% kung fu or 2,000-3,000 times of liquid, or use brown sugar 1 part, vinegar 2 parts, water 10-20 parts, add a small amount of white wine and 90% trichlorfon crystals to make sweet and sour liquid for trapping and killing, so as to prevent and control gray butterfly and pear moth. Moths can use the phototaxis of adults to install frequency vibration or insecticidal lamps in parks to trap and kill adults.