Mao Renfeng is known as the "smiling tiger", "Mao Junshi" and "Mao Da Secretary" of the Kuomintang secret service.
The secret of Mao Renfeng's being an official is "forbearance", "fairness" and "cruelty".
1March, 946, Dai Li fell to his death in Daishan. Who would lead the largest and most vicious secret service system in the world at that time?
One of them-Investigation and Statistics Bureau of Kuomintang Military Commission (hereinafter referred to as Scout)?
After some competition, Mao Renfeng, an obscure spy, inherited the mantle of Dai Li.
Some people say that Mao Renfeng was neither born in Whampoa Military Academy nor a member of the military system when he was just founded. He has never been a stationmaster in other places.
Qin has never been a director. It is accidental that he is the leader of the military system.
Some people say that Mao Renfeng relies on his classmates and fellow villagers in Dai Li, and his fortune is completely supported by Dai Li.
These statements seem reasonable, but no one makes it clear. Mao Renfeng started from the touts of the county yamen, just over ten years.
Luck and nepotism alone can't explain why he became the gatekeeper of the Secret Service, so what prompted him to rise to the top?
What about going up?
After Mao Renfeng's defeat in Taiwan Province, he once revealed to a close friend that the secret of his being an official lies in "forbearance, fairness and ruthlessness".
People say that Mao Renfeng is a tortoise, with his stubborn and flexible personality. Others slapped him in public, and Mao Renfeng smiled;
Chiang Kai-shek took off his upper and hit him in the face. Mao Renfeng said it was "the love of leaders" ... put up with a knife on his head, Mao Renfeng.
I firmly believe that forbearance can avoid disasters and pave the way for promotion and wealth.
On the eve of Chongqing's liberation, he created the Zhazidong tragedy that shocked the whole country. Soon, he organized a massacre in Kunming.
* * * The producers of bloody events and the people planned the assassination of patriotic general Yang Jie and others in Hong Kong. ...
"Malicious" exposed his ferocious face of anti-* *, anti-people and counter-revolution.
Please refer to the website/view/25973.htm.
(1) Dai Li (1896- 1946), nickname, person. Jiangshan people in Zhejiang. In his early years, he was a soldier in Zhou Fengqi Department of Zhejiang Army. After leaving the army for Shanghai, I met Chiang Kai-shek, Dai and others in the exchange. /kloc-entered the whampoa military academy in 0/926 and served as Chiang Kai-shek's adjutant after graduation. Intelligence activities began at 1928. 1930, the first Kuomintang spy organization investigation exchange group was established, which won the favor of Chiang Kai-shek. 1932 In March, Chiang Kai-shek first organized the Li Xing Society to strengthen the spy rule. Later, the "China Renaissance Society" (also known as the "Blue Clothes Society") was secretly established in Nanjing, and was appointed as the Director of the Secret Service.
1938, the special service was extended to the investigation and statistics bureau of the military commission (hereinafter referred to as the military region) and served as deputy director. 1942. The United States and Chiang Kai-shek jointly established the Sino-US Institute of Special Technical Cooperation, with Dai as its director. During the period of 1943, he concurrently served as the director of the General Administration of Anti-smuggling of the Ministry of Finance of the National Government, and soon served as the director of the wartime cargo transportation administration of the Ministry of Finance. 1945 was elected as the executive member of the 6th KMT Central Committee. Actively develop military secret service forces all his life, eliminate dissidents, endanger the people and undermine the revolution. 1In June, 933, Yang Quan, vice chairman of the League for the Protection of Civil Rights, was assassinated. In the same year1October 165438+ killed Ji Hongchang, commander of the Second Army of the Chasui People's Anti-Japanese Coalition, party member. The following year, he assassinated Shi, the host of Shanghai Shen Bao, on the road between Shanghai and Hangzhou. All kinds of bloody events were arranged by Dai. 1946 March 17, Dai Li was killed in a plane crash on his way from Beiping to Shanghai and then to Nanjing.
A foreign reporter later recalled Dai Li: A hidden person always hides in the dark of the room, while others can see everything. However, a few westerners who met Dai Li during the Pacific War in his heyday had a strong and colorful impression on him. "On the one hand, the image of no one in World War II was darker than him; On the other hand, no one is whiter than him. " Almost everyone was shocked by his sharp eyes. An OSS officer who works behind enemy lines under the leadership of Dai Li said: "Dai Li is of medium build, rough and tough appearance, and is very capable as a soldier. His face is chiseled, his sharp eyes are aggressive and his mouth is firm. " An American officer who was born in a missionary family in China wrote: "He is handsome and slender, with slender hands. He walks like a steel bar on his back, with big and powerful steps, like the exaggerated steps of a hero on the stage in China. His sharp eyes seem to write down people's facial features and personality for later use. "
For most foreigners in China in the 1940s, Dai Li was a legend, widely regarded as "not General Canaris of China, but Henrich? Himmler ".
Dai Li gives the impression that he is smart and imaginative, cruel and unscrupulous. He is Himmler of China Kuomintang. He is the enemy of almost all American democratic ideals. Under Chiang Kai-shek's rule, he tried to unify China with an iron fist. He is cold, cunning and cruel. ?
The hat on the head of the Nazi stormtroopers is not easy to take off. Westerners who call Dai Li T.L. for short often refer to Dai Li as "Himmler of China". At that time, in the intelligence circle of the US government, most officials believed that "General Dai Li is famous for his executioner; The "Blue Club" headed by him is an organization similar to the Gestapo, which is well known in Shanghai at least. He has his own political opponent concentration camp; He doesn't like foreigners, and few foreigners have seen him. "
Dai Li himself knows this nickname, and he has tried to prove to his American friends that "he supports democracy" more than once. On April 3rd, 1945, Chiang Kai-shek inspected SACO's "elite troops", namely the Ninth Division of Geleshan, which is located outside Chongqing. That night, Dai Li held a luxurious banquet and consumed 200 Jin of precious yellow rice wine he brought from his hometown of Zhejiang. The Geleshan Band learned to play "Yankee Songs" and "Dix". When the Americans in the crowd clapped their hands and cheered for these songs, the actors were ready to perform China's play. Just then, Dai Li suddenly interrupted the party and insisted on persuading his American friends not to believe anything bad about him. Dai Li spoke incoherently for a long time through Liu's official translator, just trying to show that "he is not Himmler", but just "Commander-in-Chief Dai Li, that's all".
Of all the qualities of Dai Li, perhaps the most outstanding is his willingness to serve his own leaders. The name he chose for himself literally means "wearing a rain hat" and symbolically means "servant", which emphasizes the servility of this animal as a lackey willing to be the master of Chiang Kai-shek and represents the mutual respect in the feudal concept. Dai Li explained his name to others like this: "There is an ancient poem that says,' You take the bus and I'll get off at Dai Li, and one day we will meet. ".You carry it, I'll straddle the horse, and I'll meet you tomorrow. ”"
Shen Zui, stationmaster of Shanghai Railway Station and director of Dai Li General Affairs Department, pointed out his boss's lackeys' loyalty to Chiang Kai-shek and said that he was willing to be a pawn of Chiang Kai-shek. Dai Li's own "render one's services" statement seems to reveal that he is willing to accept such inhuman treatment from his master.
Dai Li himself is proud that he can "persist in the will of the leaders and appreciate their painstaking efforts". In the eyes of opponents, this conceit is a manifestation of Dai Li's fanatical loyalty to Chiang Kai-shek's belief that there is a public without me and there is a public without me. Like all slaves of autocratic politics, Dai Li is a contradictory combination of the strong and the weak. As a member of Chiang Kai-shek's inner circle, he is in power. But his humility to Chiang Kai-shek and obedience to the leader finally proved his weakness in character.
Dai Li is the commander in chief's most trusted subordinate and escort, and only obeys the commander in chief's orders. He conducts internal investigation for the commander-in-chief and is responsible for the safety of the commander-in-chief. Dai and his ubiquitous spy organization are regarded as the medium of informal "business" transactions between China and foreign countries, with high efficiency. Zhou Enlai, the contact of the producer in Chongqing, once said that Dai Li controlled military communication, finance and foreign affairs through his secret organization. ) ..... His secret police organization was used to counter the party police under the control of the "CC" faction at that time, which reflected one of the most basic policy principles of the commander-in-chief in controlling the Kuomintang, that is, to achieve the balance of various forces through constraints. He is a concrete symbol of the autocratic tendency of the Kuomintang later.
As a concrete symbol of Chiang Kai-shek's dictatorship, Dai Li also represents the Military Investigation and Statistics Bureau, one of the most powerful institutions in the Kuomintang government.
1943, the American military attache described the military system (MSB) like this:
This organization is not listed in the list of government agencies in China, but it is one of the most powerful and important organizations in China. It is the senior leading body of China's army. Its leader, General Dai Li, may have more authority than other members of the CMC. In fact, this bureau is a secret organization in China. According to reliable information, it has more than 20,000 male and female members. One of its main functions is to crack down on the activities of the * * * production party. However, all espionage and intelligence work is carried out under its guidance. Many of its activities overlap with the intelligence section of the Military Action Committee, and the deputy chief of the section has direct contact with the bureau. The Bureau also controlled China agents in Shanghai and other places outside the Kuomintang-controlled areas. Dai Li was one of Chiang Kai-shek's former Huangpu Military Academy officers. He is usually called "General", but it is said that he has no rank. Well-informed sources say that in today's China, he has more power than anyone except the Commander-in-Chief. He is considered to be the only person who can see Chiang Kai-shek anytime and anywhere.
Therefore, Dai Li's personal influence as the leader of one of the most powerful secret police in China is hard to separate from his close relationship with Chiang Kai-shek. In everyone's imagination, he at least represents the dark side of dictatorship; As Shen Zui said, he was a commander in chief with a knife, but in the eyes of the people, he was Chiang Kai-shek's executioner. In fact, the independence that Dai Li may enjoy comes from his own deterrence, but on the other hand, this deterrence comes almost entirely from his proximity to Jiang-plus his well-known and ubiquitous eyes, ears and minions.
Like all police chiefs, Dai Li's deterrent comes from people believing that his people are everywhere. Some people at home and abroad think: "As we all know, scout is a secret police in China, which is special compared with any spy network in the world."
There are more workers and wider geographical coverage. "1946, U.S. intelligence agencies estimated that there were180,000 undercover agents in Dai Li-40,000 of them worked for him all day. These agents wearing special uniforms and military uniforms include: 70,000 armed guerrillas, 20,000 rangers, the Loyalty and Salvation Army with152,965,438+0 soldiers, and 40,000 organized pirates off the coast of China. These add up to 32? 50,000 actual or potential personnel are working for the head of the secret police.
An article calling Dai Li "China's spy master" said that as long as there are China people, his intelligence personnel are active there, including zhina, Indonesia, Borneo, Formosa, Siam, Malay Peninsula, South Pacific islands, Ceylon, Myanmar and India.
By the end of the war, spies in Dai Li were everywhere not only geographically but also strategically. They sent weather forecasts in the walled area of Manila until MacArthur landed. They set up police forces in Nanking, Hankou and all Japanese-occupied cities in China. The Japanese found that these policemen were willing to cooperate and let them manage as usual, but they didn't know that all the policemen in China were from Dai Li. They have a separate puppet flying team in the Japanese Air Force and received secret orders to hand over Japanese bombers to Dai Li's organization in Xi 'an on September 15. And throughout the war, Dai Li's agents were in Tokyo Palace. ?
American readers-public and secret-are interested in the example of Dai Li's ubiquitous spy network. It is reported that a captain of the US Office of Strategic Services found his translator talking with two strangers in dark robes when he returned to his residence in western Fuzhou. They left as soon as they saw him come in. The translator told him that the two men almost killed him because when he returned to the captain's room, he saw them rummaging through his things. He begged the captain to protect him. When the captain scolded him for being puzzling, he began to tremble again and said, "No, it's not puzzling." They are the boss's people. "The officer recalled," So I stayed up all night with a damn submachine gun on my knee, because those two visitors were the boss. "
Another American intelligence officer passed by a small village and stayed in a local inn while performing a secret mission in the Japanese occupied area. He and the innkeeper drank local wine and became friends. So Americans take the liberty of suggesting that they search all customers' luggage. After all, isn't that what the innkeeper's boss wants him to do? Later, when they searched the other rooms of the hotel drunk, the American said that he thought the small village was too small for a resident secret police agent. According to reports, the shopkeeper replied, "No matter how small it is." "China has the boss's agent everywhere. "
Of course, placing agents in every village is not enough for Dai Li to win the universal awe he is proud of. His image in the eyes of foreigners and China people is partly due to his reputation for cruelty. American observers believe: "Many people in China are talking privately. He punishes traitors by barbecuing in a motorcycle internal combustion furnace. He manipulates concentration camps where political prisoners and other prisoners are held." Some people in China, such as Li Zongren, Chiang Kai-shek's opponent, have a good impression on Dai Li "as a clever and reserved person", but at the same time they are shocked by his "hiding the knife in the smile". Although he occasionally appears in his organization in a casual way, it is said that if someone doesn't obey his discipline, he will be cruel and heartless. Dai Li's critics accused foreigners that Dai Li was responsible for imprisoning many liberal arts professors and other progressives, and described him as a "fascist in China".
Although he likes torture in the end, cruelty itself is not the key to his deterrence. Although he killed many people, he was not a pathological sadist. He doesn't like it himself. When he orders the assassination of a killer, he usually keeps a little distance from the plan. There is no doubt that he has a perverted pleasure in his power to dispose of others' death from a distance, but it is an irresistible satisfaction of the mysterious nemesis: death is far away and close at hand. As a result, Dai Li's ability to remain aloof and mysterious makes him unpredictable, so he becomes more treacherous and dangerous in people's eyes.
Many of his puzzling characteristics are related to his wonderful ability to remain unnoticed and anonymous, and partly to his unwillingness to be photographed. As "the most mysterious figure in China's modern history", Dai Li especially stimulated the imagination of American journalists, because he completely conformed to their image of treating him as a modern doctor in Manchuria.
Dai Li is regarded as the most mysterious figure who has experienced the war. But people who know what China looks like usually don't think so. It is said that nearly 454 million people have never seen him and don't know what he looks like. He never appears in public, does not give interviews to reporters, and almost never takes pictures.
Ke lyles magazine called him "a mysterious figure in Asia". It is said that Dai Li is a man with "terrible power and notorious reputation". He never takes photos or gives interviews.
Dai Li is one of the most legendary figures in the modern history of China. Even among government officials, few people know him; There are few photos of him. Although he was appreciated by some people, he was deeply hated and feared by many people. ?
An official in China said that he "created the illusion that he was just a name, but maybe he didn't really exist".
Besides, he is undoubtedly always trying to hide his tracks. In Chongqing during World War II, he lived alone-except for his guards and Jia Jinnan, a white-haired servant who bought food, cooked and tasted food for him when he was eating out-and the head of the secret police deliberately moved back and forth between three residences: the residence of Zengjiayan 15 1, the villa of No.3 Kangzhuang in Shangqing Temple and another residence in Shenxian Cave. Just outside Chongqing, he has an apartment in Yangjiashan, a house in Songlinpo, and a temporary guest room behind the auditorium of the headquarters of China-US Cooperation Office in Geleshan. He has secret residences in Xi, Lanzhou, Chengdu, Guiyang and Hengyang. After the war, he secretly bought some secret houses in Shanghai, Nanjing, Hankou, Tianjin, Qingdao, Beiping, Zhengzhou, Fuzhou, Xiamen and Suzhou (where he always kept one or two spare cars at any time).
Few people know what happened in Dai Li. He has houses and hiding places all over China, but his route and destination are always hidden. An American who traveled with him once told me, "He never lets anyone know where he will go from this moment to that moment. He always spreads rumors before going anywhere." Say you want to go to X, and then go straight to Y ". In the city, his people always call people to say that he is on his way, and they know that this phone will be tapped; At the same time, Dai Li went to other places. Because of eavesdropping, he forbade his office to arrange an appointment for him on the phone. Americans found that their request for a date with him must be sealed in an envelope, and the reply was submitted in this way.
He can even hide himself. Reporter Epstein recalled a meeting held by the Kuomintang for him before he went to Yan 'an to interview the * * * production party. The meeting was presided over by General He, whom Americans regarded as Chiang Kai-shek's most trusted. Wang Bensheng and Dong Xianguang, Japanese intelligence experts of the Kuomintang, also attended. It was not until the end of the meeting that Epstein remembered that there was a fourth person present. He was at the back of the room and few people noticed him. This man has dark skin and stubble. Although he is not necessarily sinister, he looks like a toad to Epstein. He is naturally Dai Li.
His dark skin also left a strong impression on others, including his later deputy "Mary" Meles.
From the outside, in the eyes of many Americans, Dai Li is more like a Latin American than an American. He is short, strong and black. Some people say, "He is a bit like Baptista". He wore ordinary clothes in wartime: usually black riding boots, ordinary blue uniform and outdated European hat. The most outstanding thing about his appearance is his hands. "They are strange, but cute," an American once told me. "They are not as big as my three fingers. Look at him sitting at his desk, wearing a silk China robe, with a sly smile on his face, and suddenly he has a hand like a porcelain doll. If you used to think he was a cruel man, he is more insidious now. " ?
Others can feel his strange and deformed appearance, and Dai Li is proud of this feature. The monotony of his clothes reinforced this point, and at the same time, he was more willing to remain anonymous. Because of this, although he often entertains guests-especially in Chongqing, his banquet in the horse hall or tiger hall of a mansion is famous among Americans for its exquisite tableware, excellent coffee and Napoleon brandy-his life is actually quite simple.
For example, when he was in Nanjing, he was notoriously indifferent to his living conditions. He used straw mats instead of carpets in his house at 53 Ji 'e Lane. He rented a two-story house near LAM Raymond Bridge in the French Concession, which was as ordinary as his little Dobbeke car at that time. Therefore, although some people think that he made a fortune, especially the windfall of the war, others think that he is not interested in money at all except making deals with others, including his subordinates.
Most people think that Dai Li's wealth is huge, but no one knows exactly how much. He claimed to work for Chiang Kai-shek's government for free, which made his personal income very mysterious. Some people say that his income comes from secret dealings with the enemy. American Air Force pilots once said that they came from opium, saying that they took off from Chengdu in the west, transported mercury to the northern provinces in exchange for opium, and then handed it over to Dai Li. But as others have pointed out, Chiang Kai-shek showed no mercy to anyone or anything related to opium, and Dai Li's loyalty to Chiang Kai-shek and his principles was always beyond reproach. ?
According to Bishop Megan's records, Dai Li, as the head of the anti-smuggling agency (then attached to the Ministry of Finance), his position made it very easy for him to understand (and profit from) illegal transactions and smuggling activities. But Megan, who knew everything about China at that time, thought that Dai Li himself had not participated in any such activities.
Dai Li's obsession with secrecy and anonymity endows his power with another feature, which is invulnerability. The article in Coleus magazine that made him a legend in the United States mentioned many times that Dai cleverly escaped arrest, time bomb and Japanese capture: "Dai Li's impeccable statement soon became part of his personal legend."
Another American writer once described how Dai Li escaped the capture of the enemy 159 plainclothes "in his usual way of disappearing"; Even when it was reported that he died in a plane crash, he might still be playing games with death, but he was not hurt at all. "No one knows how many times Dai Li's enemies tried to catch or kill him. He played tricks on death again and again, which made him enjoy the legendary reputation of invulnerability."
Although Dai Li is withdrawn and secretive, he still has a wide range of acquaintances and friends at all levels of society. Most of them are useful to him, including old guards, as well as important officers, bankers, overseas businessmen, Shanghai gangsters and leaders of secret societies in Sichuan. Zhang Zeng, editor-in-chief of Su Bao and Jiayin Weekly, was his good friend, and he also wrote an article praising Dai Li's funeral on 1946.
Interestingly, some of his friends are Buddhists or Catholics. Among Catholics, Dai Li's friends include Cardinal Tian of China, French Bishop in Chongqing and Yu Ping, a Catholic priest in China. Among them, his relationship with Paul Yu Pin may include business contacts. Because it was through Paul Yupin that Dai Li was able to carry out intelligence gathering activities in a local Catholic church in the Shaanxi-Gansu border region under the control of the Northwest Military Commission. But Dai Li's larger circle of friends went beyond the simple division of religion or non-religion, especially after he became famous. Later, he also established relationships with football stars, reception queen Chen, president Gong Debai of Nanjing jiuwang daily and Peking Opera actors.
Among all the members of the Shanghai Cafe, Dai Li's most notorious friend is Tang Shengming, who often accompanies the secret police in brothels and casinos. Dai Li's romantic life in Shanghai is also a part of his face. In this regard, Tang Zeng said: "Dai Li is a strange person. He is inseparable from the charm of women. " Perhaps this is why Tang Shengming must ask his wife Xu Lai to introduce movie star Hu Die to Dai Li. Hu Die later became the mistress of the spy chief in the Pacific War.
These friends, especially those who wrote and published various biographies in Taiwan Province Province after the publication of General Meles' memoirs about SACO, have different descriptions of Dai Li's image. A large number of books have sprung up praising Dai Li, including biographies written by Joe, Mao Zhongxin and Liu Pei. Zhang Yisheng, a Taiwan Province writer, devoted himself to describing the heroes in the modern Water Margin in northern China. Based on second-hand materials and interviews with former military officials, he wrote a biography for Dai Li, depicting the spy chief as a "passionate patriot" loyal to the leader. Dai Li is thoughtful and has a ruthless insight into any hint of subversive behavior, but he is generous and tolerant to his friends and subordinates. In the late 1930s, a colleague close to Dai Li described the secret police chief to Zhang like this:
Mr. Dai is a very rational and emotional person. Because he has been wandering since childhood, his contact surface is different from that of ordinary people. At the same time, because he studied hard and read a lot of China ancient books, he was able to integrate the spirits of Confucianism, Buddhism and chivalry. Mr. Dai's subordinates all respect and fear him. Even though they were punished by him, they never complained or held a grudge. Even 22 years after his death, they still have no complaints about him.
Dai Li's old partners all emphasize that their leaders have strong memory and great energy. It is said that he can stay up for days and nights without feeling tired at all. And even if he is tired, he can immediately perceive a situation or a person's actions, and then try to make full use of the situation. Therefore, his people believe that it is futile to hide the truth from the secret police chief under any circumstances, because he can expose the fraud without exception.
In addition, his decisive leadership style and magnanimity have repeatedly proved his decisive ability and talent in controlling the situation.
Hu Zongnan, the general of the Kuomintang, summed up Dai Li's character in this way: "A conceited rain farmer like the Monkey King thinks that the moon in the sky can be caught and there is almost no difficulty to cross. His greatest strength is his profound understanding of the world, and his greatest weakness is his willfulness and impatience, and he cannot keep secrets. "
Despite such a cautious description of Dai, people still can't compare his heroic image in the eyes of KMT supporters with his reputation in the bitter enemy * * * Production Party (many of his supporters even think that China * * * Production Party would not have won the civil war if he hadn't died in the air crash on March 1946). In Red Rock, we saw descriptions of the brutal officers in Dai Li and People's Republic of China (PRC). After Dai Li's death, left-wing journalists immediately accused Dai Li of assassinating outstanding political leaders such as the leader of China Civil Rights Protection League, raping and torturing countless unarmed women, and massacring thousands of young people in China who opposed Chiang Kai-shek's brutal dictatorship.
"The secret world is a morbid world, which attracts men and women who are confused about their true identity. They only feel safe under the cover of secrets ... this makes them out of a real world composed of rational causality, and may make them think that because they know what others don't know, they have the ability to do whatever they want without being restricted by ordinary people. " Whenever we remind ourselves of this, we will undoubtedly doubt these diametrically opposite descriptions of Dai Li.
The particularity of the secret world may just explain Dai Li's image full of doubts, but this ambiguous situation should not make us give up our obligation to know Dai Li, because he represents at least a specific aspect of modern China consciousness. Especially when one revolution overthrew the imperial system in China and another revolution is coming, if we only regard General Dai's political thought and practice as a reflection of the spirit of that era, then this effort should not be a task worthy of boasting. Those political upheavals produced a culture of violence, which was caused by the cruel practices of the underground society and stimulated by the revolutionary imagination that was about to tremble. In all these historical twists and turns, Dai Li is only a rough reflection of his distorted era.
(2) refers to poor old friends. Local customs at the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty: "The more vulgar and simple, the first time to make friends, the ceremony to seal the earthen altar, the sacrifice of dogs and chickens, I wish:' Although Qing takes a bus to Dai Li, I will pick you up the day after tomorrow'; I'll go, you ride, and see you tomorrow. " Kong Zhong Ping's poem "Send Zhang Tianjue" said: "Everything is like a gust of wind. Don't underestimate Dai Li's ride." See "riding on a hat".
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