Basic introduction Chinese name: red heart honey pomelo Latin scientific name: red? Pomelo nicknames: red flesh honey pomelo, red heart pomelo and blood pomelo: Plant kingdom: angiosperm: dicotyledonous plant: Sapindaceae: Rutaceae: Pomelo genus: Guanxi honey pomelo's morphological characteristics, leaves, flowers, fruit characters, growth environment, main values, nutritional components, efficacy, health care value and phenology. Cultivation techniques, planting, rational fertilization, management of adult trees, water management, shaping and pruning, pruning of young trees, pruning at full fruit stage, delicious recommendation, stewed chicken with grapefruit, honey grapefruit tea, fresh chicken soup with grapefruit meat, applicable population, applicable amount, special tips and morphological characteristics: young trees are relatively upright, adult trees are semi-open, and the crown is semicircular; The new shoots are green, triangular, with thorns between nodes, and the 1 ~ 2-year-old branches are gray-green and round; The trunk and branches are grayish brown. Buds are naked buds without scales and only bracts; For multi-buds, except one main bud, there are often 2 ~ 4 secondary buds in the axils of leaves. The leaves of "Red Heart Honey Pomelo" are compound leaves, oblong, 1 1 ㎝ ~ 13.5 ㎝ and 5.5 ㎝ ~ 7.7 ㎝ wide. The blade tip is blunt and sharp, forming many notches; Leaf base wedge; The leaf margin is entire; The surface of leaves is dark green, smooth, and the back of leaves is green, and there is no coarse distribution of oil cells. The blade wing is large and heart-shaped, with a length of 3.4 ㎝ ~ 4.2 ㎝ and a width of 3.3 ㎝ ~ 4 ㎝, and the blade life is about 15 months. The inflorescence of red-fleshed pomelo leaves is raceme, and some flowers are solitary; A flower is a complete flower, consisting of calyx, petals, pistil, stamen and receptacle; Flower diameter 4.2 ㎝ ~ 5.6 ㎝; Petals are white, 3 ~ 5, rolled down; 25 ~ 33 stamens, thick and white filaments, yellow anthers and abundant pollen; Style purplish red, 0.25 ㎝ ~ 0.35 ㎝, length 1.4 ㎝ ~ 1.6 ㎝, ovary 0.62 ㎝ ~ 0.75 ㎝, stigma 0.52. The flower fruit of red-fleshed honey pomelo is obovate, and the ratio of longitudinal diameter to transverse diameter is15.5:16; Single fruit weight 1200g ~ 2350g, average1680 g; Yellow-green skin color; Fruit shoulder is round and inclined to one side; The top of the fruit is flat and slightly concave, and the circular seal is not obvious and complete enough; Because oil cells are more prominent, the surface of fruit feels thicker; Thin skin with an average thickness of 0.7 ㎝ ~ 0.9 ㎝. The number of cysts is between 13 ~ 17, and there is valve cracking, with the valve cracking rate of 54% and the capsule skin is pink. The juice cell is red, rich in juice, sweet and sour in flavor and excellent in quality. The results in 2003 and 2004 showed that total sugar was 8.76%, total acid was 0.74%, vitamin C was 37.85 mg/100g, soluble solids1/0.55%, the juice yield was 59%, and the * * * components in juice cells were lycopene and. The first and second generations of young trees have obvious advantages in the growth environment, and the young trees that grow naturally are easy to form a strong tree potential. Buds are early, young trees are rich in fertilizer and water, and they can shoot 5-6 times a year, forming new shoots in spring, summer, autumn and winter; Results Adult trees generally only branch once in spring or autumn. All secondary buds have self-shearing. All secondary branches can be fruiting mother branches except winter shoots, but spring shoots are the main fruiting mother branches. If you plant big seedlings, you will see flowers in the second year and bear fruit in the third year. The average yield per plant can reach about 15 kg, 30 in the fourth year, 55 in the fifth year, and 4000~5000 kg per mu in the harvest period. Tested by the Plant Protection Station of Pinghe Agricultural Bureau, the insect resistance is equivalent to that of Guanxi honey pomelo, and the control method is the same. The natural pigment contained in the main nutrient, red meat honey pomelo, has a certain health care effect on human body. Most trace elements, such as flavonoids, have the function of vitamin P, and β -carotene and lycopene in carotenoids can also resist oxidation, which is helpful to eliminate free radicals in human body. Efficacy Hypertensive patients often use drugs to eliminate excess sodium in the body. Grapefruit only contains potassium, a necessary natural mineral for these patients, and almost contains no sodium, so it is the best diet fruit for patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and kidney diseases. Red-fleshed honey pomelo contains all the nutrients of Guanxi honey pomelo. The natural pigments contained in red-fleshed honey pomelo have certain health-care effects on human body, and trace elements such as flavonoid pigments have the effect of vitamin P. The reason why red-fleshed honey pomelo is red is that it is rich in vitamin A. The research team of National Fruit Science Research Institute of Japan, which studies the effects of carotenoids on human health, conducted a survey on residents in Sanmu Town 1073, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. These people usually It was found that these residents had a lower risk of liver disease, arteriosclerosis and diabetes-related diseases. In another study, they found that drinking red grapefruit juice can significantly reduce the risk of liver cancer in patients with hepatitis. The researchers asked some hepatitis patients to drink a mixed drink of carotenoid juice and red grapefruit juice. One year later, compared with the patients who did not drink carotenoid juice and red grapefruit juice, no one found liver cancer, and the probability of the former developing liver cancer was 8.9%. The results of these two studies in Japan show that grapefruit with red meat, which is usually inconspicuous, has a very obvious effect on reducing the risk of liver cancer, heart disease, stroke and diabetes. Once the research results were published, the unremarkable red grapefruit turned into the latest "anti-cancer fruit". It is beneficial to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and kidneys. Grapefruit contains potassium, a natural trace element necessary for hypertensive patients, and contains almost no sodium. Therefore, it is the best dietary fruit for patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and kidney diseases (if renal insufficiency is accompanied by hyperkalemia, it is forbidden to eat). Lowering blood cholesterol grapefruit contains a lot of vitamin C, which can lower blood cholesterol. Reducing the pectin of low-density lipoprotein grapefruit can not only reduce the level of low-density lipoprotein, but also reduce the damage of arterial wall. Keep fit grapefruit also has the effect of keeping fit. It helps the body absorb calcium and iron more easily. The natural folic acid contained in grapefruit can prevent anemia symptoms of pregnant women and promote fetal development. Lowering blood sugar Fresh grapefruit meat contains chromium, which is similar to insulin and can lower blood sugar. Strengthening stomach and moistening lung has the functions of strengthening stomach, moistening lung, enriching blood, clearing intestine and facilitating defecation, which can promote wound healing and has a good auxiliary effect on septicemia. Lose weight in the morning-mainly high protein and nutrition, recommend 1 cup of milk+1 serving of cakes, and 1/3 grapefruit; Eat 1/3 grapefruit before and after lunch; Evening and noon. Note: control the starch properly (do you know what kind of starch you have? ) and oil intake. Make sure to eat about one grapefruit every day, and don't overeat during weight loss, which will affect the basic metabolism of the body. If you have a cold constitution, the daily intake of grapefruit can be reduced appropriately. [Supplementing blood and invigorating spleen grapefruit is sweet and cold, and it has the effects of benefiting qi and resolving phlegm, moistening lung and clearing intestines, enriching blood and invigorating spleen. Eliminating phlegm and quenching thirst can cure anorexia, light mouth and indigestion, help digestion, eliminate phlegm and quench thirst, and regulate qi and dissipate stagnation. Health care value and taste: sweet, flat and non-toxic. Red-fleshed honey pomelo inherits the excellent characteristics of Guanxi honey pomelo and white-fleshed honey pomelo, with large skin, seedless pulp, juicy, soft and waxy, no residue left, slightly sour and sweet, and lasting taste. In addition, it also has the characteristics of bright colors and beauty. It not only has the nutrients and trace elements of white-fleshed honey pomelo, but also contains natural pigments which have a certain health care effect on human body. For example, most flavonoids have the function of vitamin P, which can soften blood vessels and maintain the normal permeability of capillaries; Carotenoids and flavonoids have anti-cancer effects. Therefore, red-fleshed honey pomelo has the effects of regulating human metabolism, eliminating phlegm and moistening lung, promoting digestion and sobering up, improving gastrointestinal environment, reducing fire and diuresis, scavenging free radicals in the body and resisting cancer. Many fruit tree experts and nutrition experts have repeatedly commented that: Red-fleshed honey pomelo is a good health-care fruit. Red flesh honey pomelo is often eaten, which is helpful to treat diseases such as hypertension (blood pressure lowering food), diabetes (diabetic food) and arteriosclerosis, and has the function of strengthening body and caring skin for obese people. In addition, red flesh honey pomelo contains phlogiston, a physiologically active substance, which can reduce blood viscosity and reduce thrombosis, so it also has a preventive effect on cerebrovascular diseases. Women who often eat red meat and honey pomelo can best meet the principle of "natural beauty". Honey pomelo also has the effect of strengthening the body. Can help the body absorb calcium and iron more easily; At the same time, the natural folic acid contained in it can prevent anemia symptoms and promote fetal development for women who take birth control pills or are pregnant. Phenology is in the low altitude area of Pinghe County. Generally, the phenology of red-fleshed honey pomelo can germinate four times a year in spring, summer, autumn and winter, and the germination periods are in late March, mid-June, late July and mid-June 10. The initial flowering period is from mid-March to early March, the full flowering period is from late March to early April, and the final flowering period is mid-April. The self-flowering rate is high. Generally more than 50%; The fruit development period is from early April to early September, and the maturity is 20 ~ 25 days earlier than that of Guanxi honey pomelo. Cultivation techniques Planting density varies with terrain. With soil pomelo as rootstock, the row spacing of mountain plants can be 3×3.5 meters, with 55 plants per mu, and the row spacing of flat plants is 3.5×4 meters, with 50 plants per mu. Young trees with reasonable fertilization mainly apply nitrogen fertilizer. 1 ~ 3-year-old trees, pure nitrogen is 100 ~ 400g, and N: P2O5: K2O is 1: 0.3: 0.5. The principle of fertilization is to apply thin fertilizer frequently, to promote bamboo shoots before each shooting, to strengthen bamboo shoots after shooting, or to apply dilute human manure 1 time every month from sowing to mid-October, to stop fertilization in 1 1 month, and to apply 65438+ in 165438 month. Adult tree management Adult trees are fertilized 3 ~ 4 times a year. The yield is about 50 kg/plant, the nitrogen application is 0.9 kg, and the balanced fertilization ratio is: N: P: K: Ca: Mg =1:0.5:1:1.1:0.4, respectively before and after fruit picking. Germination fertilizer (spring fertilizer) was applied at the end of June, accounting for15 ~ 25% of the annual fertilization; Generally, strong fruit fertilizer (summer and autumn fertilizer) is applied after stopping physiological fruit dropping 10 ~ 15 days and before autumn shoots germinate, accounting for 20 ~ 40% of the annual fertilization. Water management in the new shoot growth period, flower bud differentiation period (March-May) and fruit growth and development period (7-65438+1October), timely irrigation must be carried out to keep the soil moist, and the irrigation amount should reach 60-70% of the maximum field capacity. Irrigation methods include furrow irrigation, irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation. Gardens with low terrain or high groundwater level should be drained in time. Pruning young trees should emphasize the principle of "controlling shoots by wiping buds" and master the principle of "keeping tidy early, removing less and retaining more". Pruning stops when most of the last buds of the whole plant have 3-4 new buds. Appropriately thinning out the branches that are too dense and cutting off all the wintering branches. First-bearing trees should pay attention to cultivating short and strong spring shoots and autumn shoots, erasing summer shoots and winter shoots, thinning upright branches, leaving oblique branches or pulling branches. Pruning in full fruit stage will shrink the fruiting branches, falling flowers and falling fruit branches and declining branches in time. Cut off dead branches, pests and diseases. For trees with too many main branches and serious crown closure, pruning can be used to cut off the upright main branches in the middle, open a "skylight" and introduce light into the inner room (sawing large branches should be carried out in spring). For the vegetative branches of summer and autumn shoots drained in the same year, the annual output can be adjusted by cutting or thinning, and most or all branches of leafless branches are cut off on the basis of severe thinning. The height of the tree should be controlled below 3m. Form a natural happy shape, the stem is 20 ~ 40 cm high, and 3 ~ 4 main branches are scattered on the trunk. The branching angle of the main branch is 30 ~ 45, and 2 ~ 3 auxiliary main branches are arranged on each main branch, and several side branches are arranged on the main branch and the auxiliary main branch appropriately. Delicious recommended grapefruit stewed chicken raw materials: 750g of broiler, 500g of grapefruit, 0/0g of ginger/kloc, 0g of green onion10g, 4g of salt and 2g of sweet noodle sauce. Practice: 1, peel the grapefruit and leave the meat; After the chicken is killed, hair is removed and internal organs are removed. 2. Put the grapefruit meat into the chicken belly and put it in the basin. 3. Add onion (cut into sections), ginger (sliced), cooking wine, salt and appropriate amount of water. 4, then put the pot into the pot, add water to the pot, stew and serve. Honey grapefruit tea raw materials: one grapefruit, 80g fine sugar, 0/00g honey/kloc-,70g maltose and lemon. One method: 1. You'd better choose two grapefruit, otherwise it's ordinary grapefruit, of course. Wash, peel and take the pulp for later use. 2, grapefruit skin with a paring knife gently peel off the epidermis, and shred (negligible), be careful not to peel off the white part. 3. blanch with hot water to remove bitterness and astringency, and let it cool for later use. 4. After squeezing the pulp in a juicer, put it in a pot with grapefruit Peaches and boil it with low fire, then add lemon juice and mix well, then add sugar, honey and maltose to continue cooking, stirring while cooking until the sauce is thick and the pulp peel is transparent. Fresh chicken soup with grapefruit meat Ingredients: half grapefruit meat, half fresh chicken, a large piece of rock sugar, and 3 slices of ginger (this amount can be used by 3-4 people). Practice: 1. After peeling the ripe grapefruit, take half (about 6-8 petals), remove the clothes and core; 2. Take half a glossy chicken, remove the dirt and tail, wash it, cut it into pieces, put it in a earthen pot with ginger, add 2500ml of water (about 10 bowl), cook it with slow fire for about10.5h, add crystal sugar, cook it for 15 minutes, and add appropriate amount of salt. At the same time, the number of people can be increased or decreased according to this example, as an auxiliary treatment, two or three times a week. Applicable people can eat it by ordinary people. Patients with cardio-cerebral nephropathy and people with poor respiratory system are especially suitable. Pregnant women are also suitable for eating. Usage: 5 petals a day (about 260 grams). (Expert's results of measuring standard pomelo) It is especially recommended that 1 should not be eaten for honey pomelo that is too bitter. 2, people who are weak should not eat more red heart honey pomelo.