That is, according to the shape of some medicinal materials, they are first made into certain molds and then pressed with other materials. For example, starch and gypsum powder are mixed into the mold to make Cordyceps sinensis, and PVC plastics are melted into the mold to make "silver ring snakes" and "pearls". Some people even use molds to make Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.

Second, shape

Some items are shaped by knife carving, and then polished, dyed or sewn into a certain shape, posing as genuine medicinal materials. For example, the slender ginseng in the garden is reshaped, posing as ginseng and ginseng; Carved and shaped with tuber knives such as zedoary and bletilla striata. Adding yellow mud and gelatin, grinding and filling Radix Notoginseng; Wrap animal muscle, viscera powder, egg yolk, etc. Sewing musk fur into round fur balls to make the fur shell full of musk; Deerskin is used to form multi-branched horns, and the bone glue is filled with velvet antler after molding; Eggs, gelatin and other substances are processed into cauliflower-like masses to fill the placenta.

Third, dyeing or bleaching.

It has been found that the varieties of Chinese herbal pieces dyed red are safflower, saffron, dragon's blood, Schisandra chinensis, cinnabar, Ziziphus jujuba seed, pepper and so on. Dyes include carmine, erythrosine, acid red, Sudan IV, scarlet powder (golden light red) and so on. Yellow dyes include Rhizoma Corydalis, Cortex Phellodendri, Rhizoma Coptidis, Scutellariae Radix, Curcuma Rhizome, Pollen Typhae, etc. Dyeing materials include lemon yellow, golden orange II, auramine O, etc. The black dyes are prepared Radix Aconiti, prepared Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii, prepared Radix Polygoni Multiflori, Arisaema cum bile, black sesame, etc. Dyeing materials include iron oxide red, iron black, ink, etc. These dyeing materials are all chemical dyes, paints or pigments, which are extremely harmful to human body.

Gentiana macrophylla, Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii, Antlers, Pinellia ternata, Flos Lonicerae, etc. Bleaching agents are usually hydrogen peroxide, sulfur and sodium bicarbonate (bisulfite+water). Bleached Chinese herbal pieces are often pale, twisted or yellow after long-term storage because of excessive bleaching and heavy bleach residue, and most of them have irritating smell.

Fourth, add materials to increase weight.

There are three common means:

Firstly, fine sand, pebbles or flour foreign bodies such as dodder and Lygodium japonicum are mixed; Or mixed with flour or starch, such as white chrysanthemum, honeysuckle, pollen typhae, etc. ;

2. Soak in saturated solution or glue such as alum water, magnesium sulfate water and sugar water to gain weight, such as Squama Manis, Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli, Coptidis Rhizoma, Oletum Trogopterori and medulla Tetrapanacis.

The third is to feed live animals with sand mud, and then slaughter them to gain weight, such as Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga, Scorpio, Hippocampus, Lumbricus and Bombyx Batryticatus (feeding silkworms to death, pretending to be Bombyx Batryticatus). In addition, there are bad behaviors of red ginseng sugar, Cordyceps sinensis with metal powder or nails, or white snake stuffed with other animal muscles!

Five, doping to make false

The more common situation is that the real goods and fakes are mixed, and the good and bad are mixed, and the new goods are mixed for a long time (most of the second-hand goods are discolored and deteriorated).

The most common varieties are:

Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae is mixed with Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, Bulbus Fritillariae Anhui or Bulbus Fritillariae Sinkiang in a certain proportion; Mix some peach kernels or almonds treated with heavy oil to make bitter almonds have medicinal value; Pollen Typhae is mixed with filaments and anthers in most non-medicinal parts; Mixing Gleditsia sinensis into a large number of pseudo Gleditsia sinensis or stems and branches; Mixing Pinellia ternata with water; Bupleurum chinense or other dopants are mixed into Bupleurum chinense; Angelica sinensis and Angelica sinensis are mixed; Mixing Semen Ziziphi Spinosae with Semen Ziziphi Spinosae; Mixing cornu Cervi Pantotrichum with bovine bone or other cornu Cervi Pantotrichum; Crocus sativus is mixed with fake products such as safflower or dyed shredded radish; Roses are mixed with wild roses; Dragon's Blood is mixed with China product Dragon's Blood, or mixed with dyed rosin and other materials to pass off.

Six, residue reuse

Reuse of dregs refers to the situation that the extracted medicinal wastes are sold as decoction pieces again. Such as ginseng, velvet antler, cordyceps sinensis, hawthorn slices soaked in hawthorn juice, boiled antler slices, etc. The effective substances in these residues are put forward for utilization, and their effects can be imagined! Although there are drug forms, there are no drug substances in the end.

Seven, metamorphic whitewash

The Drug Administration Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) clearly stipulates that deteriorated drugs that cannot be used as medicine are classified as counterfeit drugs. However, some lawless elements whitewash the deteriorated decoction pieces, and add water, slice or fry the seriously deteriorated decoction pieces to enhance the color. For example, after the deteriorated honeysuckle, pseudostellaria heterophylla and other medicinal materials are sprayed with water, the ground loess powder is mixed into the surface of the medicinal materials for color matching; Washing seeds and fruits with oil, then covering and polishing; Parching deteriorated Fructus Gardeniae, Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and Fructus Crataegi into charcoal for later use; Baking and covering moldy aster, ephedra, licorice and astragalus with honey; More is to wash the chess pieces that have been seriously moldy and then dry them for later use.

As we all know, taking deteriorated drugs will increase the side effects. For example, taking tablets of oleic acid can easily cause acute and chronic enteritis and lead to diarrhea; Chemical dyes easily mutate human cells, leading to teratogenesis, even disability and cancer; Bleach is easy to cause allergies, asthma and so on. The harm of SO2 lies in liver injury, causing chronic rhinitis, bronchitis and bronchial asthma. Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate can easily cause calcium deficiency, and then stimulate the gastrointestinal tract, which is harmful to the respiratory and digestive systems.

Take you to know the advantages and disadvantages of common Chinese herbal medicines:

1, Cordyceps

Silkworm-like, rough surface, obvious ring pattern, dried Cordyceps is fragile and easy to break. After the Cordyceps sinensis is broken, there is a small hollow or light gray pony hoofprint on the cross section. Most of the pruning shapes of Cordyceps sinensis are slender or slightly curved. The real cordyceps sinensis is sealed and opened, which smells fishy, but it smells like grass. When purchasing medicinal Cordyceps sinensis, you should choose a variety with normal color, good development, no pests and diseases, no deformity, good texture and dryness.

2, velvet antler

Excellent: light, hard and crisp, slightly fishy and salty. The surface is densely covered with red, yellow or brown fine hairs, and the epidermis is tight and not easy to peel off. Velvet antler is thick and round, with plump top, soft capillaries, reddish yellow color and reddish brown skin, and oily luster is preferred. Deer antler slices are round or oval, with reddish-brown skin, honeycomb section and dense tissue.

Inferior quality: made of animal fur wrapped with animal bone glue, similar to a circle, but uneven in thickness. The skin is grayish brown, the section is brownish purple, there are no honeycomb pores, and occasionally there are small spots. It is heavy, tough, difficult to cut off and weak in gas.

3.saffron

Excellent: one is big and the other is small. The head and tail are naturally over-trumpet-shaped, and the flowers are rich and very special. If two or three of them are immersed in water, you can see that the oranges are in a straight line, the water is dyed golden yellow, the flowers are not withered, and there is no powdery precipitation. If there is precipitation, it must be doped.

Second-class (false): irregular shape, unnatural head and tail, light taste, discolored flowers in a short time after blisters, or broken. Heavy powder is often added in the market, and white powder is often found when picking flowers.

4. Gastrodia elata

High quality: the body is slightly short and oblong, and the wrinkles of "winter hemp" are thin and few, with full appearance, yellow and white, thick and solid. It's better to be fat and strong. The wrinkled skin and thick skin of "Ma Chun" are mostly unclean, light in weight, spongy and often hollow in cross section.

Family and species: slightly larger, oblate, thin, more like a strip.

5. Chinese yam

Chinese yam. High medicinal value, hard powder, wrinkled surface after dehydration, long-term cooking, fragrant, slightly sweet, very good taste, not too sticky.

Poor: generally smoked with sulfur, white and sour.

6.lily

Excellent: big head, long slices, thick meat, sweet heart, rich nutrition and high medicinal ingredients.

Second class: small size, short slices, thin meat, uniform color of sulfur fumigation, ensuring white color, sour taste or pungent smell.

7. (Chinese herbal medicine) Codonopsis pilosula

Excellent: produced in Gansu, with fine horizontal stripes, "long and thick, sweet and chewy without residue."

Inferior quality: most of them are dangshen festival, hard and crisp, with low grade and heavy sour taste. Sulfur fumigation is often used in the market, which has good color or pungent smell.

8. Radix Astragali

Excellent: the best in Gansu and Inner Mongolia, "golden lamp, silver plate and chrysanthemum heart".

Poor: The tablet has a large volume, and drying is accelerated by pressing, but the effective components are lost after pressing, or it has a sulfur smell, and the bean smell is light and sour.

9. Ophiopogon japonicus

Excellent: produced in Mianyang, Sichuan, spindle-shaped, yellow and white in color, sweet and slightly bitter in taste, sticky in chewing, flexible in quality, yellow and white in cross section, with a small wooden heart in the middle. Fat people are better.

Second-class (false): after sulfur fumigation, the color is white and uniform, sour, hard and brittle, and there is no small wood core in the center.

10, Polygonum multiflorum Thunb

Excellent: Select superior black beans as auxiliary materials, and steam them for 4 times repeatedly until the internal and external colors are consistent (black bean juice is completely absorbed), which is hard and bitter.

Inferior quality: non-genuine or adulterated (Polygonum multiflorum Thunb, etc.). ), the processing accessories are not black beans, the processing is not in place, the appearance is brown, and the accessories are not fully absorbed, resulting in inconsistent colors inside and outside. Delicious.

1 1, rehmannia glutinosa

Excellent: "black as paint, light as oil, sweet as pulp". That is, the inside and outside are completely black, the surface is shiny, the taste is sweet, and there is no sand feeling when chewing.

Poor: the surface is yellow-brown, and the interior is brown after cutting, with silt, poor efficacy and some sand.

12, honeysuckle

Excellent: Honeysuckle is green in color and smells delicious. Better keep it clean.

Inferior (false): golden yellow, with sulfur smell, so it is probably fumigated with sulfur. Or use honeysuckle to fake it. Honeysuckle is curved in shape, brown in color, flat in bud, smaller in volume than honeysuckle and more peaceful in smell.

13, Rose

Excellent: the bud is fully spread but not open, with rich fragrance, short and round petiole and dark color. After brewing, the color of the rose itself becomes pale, and the soup is yellow and transparent, with the fragrance of roses.

Poor: The color is bright after dyeing, bright red after brewing, or the Chinese rose is terrible, and Leto has a slender handle.