Small crown, non-opening variety Daguan, open-branch variety in mountainous and hilly areas with poor soil and fertilizer and water conditions, plain areas with good soil and fertilizer and water conditions in areas with large wind damage, and ecological conditions of varieties with fixed dry low and fixed dry high in areas with small wind damage.

Fixed drying height

Basis for determining drying height

The task of pruning in the young tree stage is to select the backbone branches, form the required tree shape, make rational use of the auxiliary branches, form a large number of short branches and middle branches, and start to cultivate the branches to achieve the age-appropriate results. The shaping and trimming process refers to the fourth part, and only the same problems existing in the shaping and trimming process are explained here.

1. dingan

Determination of (1) fixed dry height

(2) After the stem is fixed, the third to fifth buds under the incision are cut off at the position 0.5cm above the buds, or the buds are coated with bough-drawing treasure to promote the growth of long branches before germination.

2. Selection and retention of trunk extension branches

When cutting in winter, the first bud branch is generally selected as the central trunk, and the extended branches are cut off by 40 ~ 60 cm. If the variety is too dry, the second bud branch can be used as an extension branch of the central trunk, and the first bud branch can be drained or leveled. Competitive branches were leveled and put out.

Selection and retention of central leading bodies

3. Control competitive branches and promote balanced growth of branches.

When cutting in summer, pick the core or take competitive branches to control its growth.

Leveling competitive branches when cutting in winter.

Control competition branch

4. Selection and retention of main branches and adjustment of angles.

(1) Selection and preservation of main branches The principle of selection and preservation of main branches is to select long branches with vigorous growth and good orientation and angle as main branches.

(1) After the stem is fixed, branches will be developed in the same year.

Selection and retention methods of main branches in the first layer (1)

(2) After the stem is fixed, there are few long branches in that year, so it is impossible to choose a satisfactory main branch, and you can continue to choose to stay after the branch is issued in the second year.

Selection and Retention Methods of Main Branches in the First Layer (2)

(3) After the stem is fixed, the branch in that year is not ideal. The cut fifth bud branch is short and medium, and the length is not enough. We should shorten 1/3 and choose the main branch next year.

Selection and Retention Methods of Main Branches in the First Layer (3)

Selection and Retention Methods of Main Branches in the First Layer (3)

A: A: Branches are the backbone. B.c. Branches are used as the main branches of the first layer, and 40 ~ 50 cm are cut off. D. Cut the branches short, 1/2e. Branches are graded as auxiliary branches.

B: After the following year, choose D branch as the third main branch of the first floor (note: the dotted line indicates the state after the competitive branch is leveled).

(2) Adjustment of the angle of the main branch Adjust the angle (angle with the vertical axis) and direction (direction) of the main branch by pulling or supporting.

Angle adjustment of main branches with sparse layer shape

Adjustment of spindle-shaped main branch angle

Adjustment of azimuth angle of main branch

5. Selection and retention of lateral branches

The lateral branch should not be stronger than the main branch, and the anticlinal branch should be selected as the lateral branch, but the diagonal branch on the back and the opposite branch on the door should not be selected as the lateral branch.

Top view of the distribution of large and medium-sized crown-shaped lateral branches on the main branch

Schematic diagram of the arrangement distance of large and medium-sized crown-shaped side branches on the main branch

6. Utilization and pruning of auxiliary branches

(1) During the period of making full use of young trees with auxiliary branches, we should make full use of auxiliary branches to assist the backbone branches to accelerate growth, increase the number of branches, occupy space, bear fruit early and yield high, and control the intensity at the same time.

For auxiliary branches, measures such as girdling and pulling branches should be taken to promote their early fruiting and inhibit their vigorous growth.

In the first fruit period, trees make full use of the fruits that transport and support branches.

Young trees should leave more auxiliary branches.

(A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H are all auxiliary branches.)

(2) Pruning of auxiliary branches The existence of auxiliary branches should not affect the growth of main branches. When the auxiliary branch affects the growth of the main branch, it should be retracted appropriately according to the degree of influence.

Auxiliary branch pruning

Step 7 control long branches

When there is space, the long branches on the back of the backbone branches are cultivated into back branches by continuous coring. When there is no space, it will become thinner in time.

Control long branch