Management method of blueberry
Post-planting management: root water should be poured after planting. After watering and sinking, the roots should be flush with the ridge surface, and the planting should not be too deep or too shallow. Before weeds grow, cover them with plastic film to prevent weeds. After planting in autumn and winter, stubble should be leveled in dormancy period and stubble should be leveled as soon as possible in spring.
Fertilization management
Base fertilizer: the most suitable application time is before the leaves change color and fall in autumn, and the effect of early application is better than that of late application. Generally, decomposed sheep dung, cow dung and rabbit dung are the main manure, and furrow fertilization is used for manure, 10~ 15kg/ plant, and 5kg/ plant for young fruit trees.
Topdressing: In the topdressing stage, the quick-acting fertilizer is mainly used in the germination stage and before and after flowering, so it is recommended to spray 300 times of root application solution of sea elf biostimulant; After fruit picking, a small amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be applied to avoid excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, which will cause the tender branches to grow white, promote root growth and make the branches strong.
water management
The water supply during the development of blueberry young fruit should be sufficient and stable, so as to avoid sudden drying and sudden wetting, otherwise it will easily lead to red fruit and fruit drop. When the drought time forecast exceeds 7 days, make sure to water once every 5 days and try to avoid the noon time when the outdoor temperature is high.
Blueberries are sensitive to waterlogging, so they must be drained in time. Blueberries waterlogging is not good for half a day. When the garden is built, the planning of irrigation and drainage facilities should be combined with the extreme waterlogging weather in local history, which is particularly important in blueberry planting in the southern plain.
Weed management
Herbicides are prohibited in blueberry orchards, and all herbicides will cause phytotoxicity to blueberry plants or roots.
In production, in order to control weeds, straw, bark, sawdust, etc. Generally, it is used to cover the ground, which can not only control the grass damage, but also reduce the acidity of the covered plants after they rot and leach into the soil, which is beneficial to keep the soil pH at a slightly acidic level. It can also increase soil organic matter and fertility, reduce element deficiency, promote blueberry growth, increase yield and improve quality.
Dressing and shaping
Blueberries are small shrubs that have been clustered for many years, and pruning is different from bulk fruits. The main method is to adjust the relationship between vegetative growth and fruiting, and regularly remove weak branches, fruiting branches and aging branches.
Summer scissors and winter scissors are the main ones in a year. Winter felling: weak trees rejuvenate, strong trees control production; Pruning in summer: strengthen trees, remove secrets and promote strength.
Young tree stage: after pruning, new branches increase. In summer, attention should be paid to picking the heart in time, thinning the flower buds in time in the second year, and cultivating the tree potential as early as possible.
Young tree stage: after pruning, new branches increase. In summer, attention should be paid to picking the heart in time, thinning the flower buds in time in the second year, and cultivating the tree potential as early as possible.
Initial fruiting period: normally growing first batch of fruiting trees will generally leave 20~30 fruiting branches in that year, with a yield of 0.5~ 1kg, and most of the weaker fruiting branches can be retracted.
Full-fruit period: The task of pruning in this period is to maintain vigorous tree vigor and reasonable load. Generally, 70~ 100 fruiting branches are left, so as to ensure high yield, stable yield and high quality, and prolong the life of the whole fruit period.
Guo Hua management
Pollination: bees are released in the early flowering period, bumblebees are used in the facility, and a box of bees (each box 1 ~ 20000) is placed in the open air for about 5 mu.
Shelter from rain during flowering and fruiting period in southern China: it is rainy during flowering and fruiting period in rainy areas in southern China, which can seriously affect fruit setting rate, fruit picking and quality. Rain-proof cultivation can be adopted, and the film should be covered in the middle of flowering, and the film should be uncovered at the end of fruiting.
Dry-hot wind in northern flowering period: cold shed is open in the north, and there is little rain in mid-April. In case of high temperature, the air humidity is often lower than 20%, and the corolla of blueberry often shrinks and turns yellow, which has a great influence on the stamen pollen activity and pistil stigma of blueberry, leading to poor pollination, so attention should be paid to watering and moisturizing.
control of insect
Blueberries have fewer pests and diseases, such as powdery mildew and downy mildew. Pests include aphids, mites, fruit flies, longicorn beetles, scarabs and so on.
Attention should be paid to prevention, comprehensive management, protection and utilization of natural enemies, maintaining ecological balance of blueberry orchard, giving priority to physical control and biological control, using chemical control when necessary, but using low-toxic, safe or biological pesticides, and paying attention to the safe drug separation period.
FYI
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