Propagation method of Rosa roxburghii
1, seed propagation: spring sowing and autumn sowing. Rosa roxburghii seeds have no obvious dormancy period, and the germination rate and emergence rate can reach more than 90% if they are sown immediately after the seeds mature in autumn. Sow in autumn, collect the seeds after the fruit ripens in the first half of September, immediately sow in the seedbed, and emerge in the second half of June. 10. Transplant the nursery in March of the following year and leave the nursery at the end of the year. But it needs to be covered with plastic film to prevent freezing in cold areas in winter. Spring sowing is suitable for late February to early March, seedling emergence in early April, and transplanting to nursery from late May to early June. Soak the seeds 12-24 hours in warm water at 50-60℃ the day before sowing, take them out and sow them, which can germinate 5 days earlier and improve the germination rate.
2. Cutting propagation: it can be carried out in spring, summer and autumn. When cutting in spring, cut the 1 annual branches trimmed in winter into 10- 12 cm long, with the lower end obliquely cut below the bud and the upper end obliquely cut above the bud. 100 1 tied up and hidden in wet sand. In the first half of February of the following year, the plant spacing is 9x24, the buds are exposed 1, and the cuttings are covered with soil. It germinated in mid-March, and the survival rate was over 90%. Cutting in summer and autumn, taking 1-3-year-old branches, diluting the cutting matrix with Barneda Bikagan Congcong rooting agent, and the rooting survival rate is 100%.
Planting method of Rosa roxburghii
1. Preparation for field planting: Before field planting, the soil should be deeply ploughed, matured and improved, and ditches or holes for field planting should be dug. Because of the thin topsoil, low organic matter and low fertility, garden construction in mountainous areas needs soil improvement. Before planting, a ditch or hole with a depth of 40 cm, a width of 60 cm or a diameter of 60 cm should be dug, the topsoil and farmyard manure should be fully mixed and backfilled, and then precipitated with water or stabilized at the boundary.
2. Planting density: 2m× 1m or 2m× 1.5m can be used for plots with poor living conditions or extensive management, and the row spacing of plots with fertile soil and abundant rainfall can be appropriately increased to 2.5m× 1.5m or 2.0m× 1.5.
3. Planting time: Rosa roxburghii likes humidity, is not drought-tolerant, has underdeveloped protection organization, and is easy to lose water by transpiration, so it is usually planted in the dormant period from the end of June165438+/KLOC-0 to the beginning of February of the following year in Guizhou, and other areas can decide according to the actual situation.
4. Planting method: When planting, first dig a hole with a proper size on the planting hole, put the Rosa roxburghii seedlings in the into the pit, determine the position and depth of the seedlings, spread the roots, fill them with fine soil, then lift the seedlings slightly to spread the roots, and then backfill them with soldiers. The planting depth shall be subject to the buried depth of the seedlings when they leave the nursery. Build small ridges around the planting hole or on both sides of the ditch, irrigate the planting water thoroughly, strengthen management and ensure survival.
Planting management of Rosa roxburghii
1. Pruning: Keep the height of the tree at 1.5-2m, the crown width at around 1.5m, and the whole cluster has 5-8 main branches, which are interlaced with bearing mother branches. At the initial stage of planting, let it grow, promote fruit and crown, then sparse the branches that are too dense, drooping and too long, and cultivate the fruiting mother branches through pruning in winter and summer to achieve the purpose of three-dimensional fruiting.
2. Fertilizer and water management
① pH adjustment: adjust the pH value of the soil to be slightly acidic to neutral, and the pH value is 5.5-7.0. If the soil is too acidic, lime water should be added to adjust it. If the soil is too alkaline, gypsum or sulfur should be added.
(2) Increase the application of organic fertilizer: increase the application of organic fertilizer, such as manure and miscellaneous soil fertilizer, and apply base fertilizer in autumn every year, with 22,500 kilograms per hectare, and topdressing once before flowering and young fruit period, with 75-90 kilograms of urea per hectare.
③ Soil moisture management: it is necessary to strengthen soil moisture management, irrigate in time in case of drought, take water and drain in time in case of waterlogging, intertillage and weed in time when soil is hardened, and so on.
3. Pest control: Common pests and diseases of Rosa roxburghii include powdery mildew, aphid, thorn moth, debt-avoiding moth, whitefly, moth eater and so on. Powdery mildew occurs in spring and autumn, so triadimefon should be sprayed in early June, and the control effect can reach 74%-88%. Aphids mainly harm new shoots, so spraying 80% dichlorvos 2000 times is suitable, and the control effect is good. In addition, it is also effective against leafhoppers, spiny moths, leaf curl moths and small ape leaf worms. Whitefly parasitizes on the back of leaves. When pests occur from May to August, 2000 times of isocarbophos can be used for prevention and control. Spraying with 6,000 times of 2.5% triamcinolone acetonide solution twice from early July to August can control fruit eaters.
4. Picking and drying: The fruits have matured from the end of August to September, so it is advisable to pick them in batches when the fruits are dark yellow and fragrant. When picking, put it down gently to prevent pressure, and sell it immediately after picking. Dried fruits are easy to process and can be dried or dried. The storage time of dried products is about 1 year. Before storage, each ton of dried products should be smoked with 2 kilograms of sulfur powder for 2 hours, then packed in gunny bags and stored in film bags. After 1 year, the loss of vitamin C was only 2.85%. Without fumigation, the loss of vitamin C will be as high as 80% after 1 year.