1.0.2 this procedure is applicable to public green space, residential green space, attached green space, urban scenic forest land, road greening and tree transplantation newly built, expanded and rebuilt in urban reconstruction.
1.0.3 This procedure is applicable to transplanting trees with trunk diameter 15-40 cm or trees with diameter 1.5m to 3 m..
1.0.4 In order to ensure the construction safety and the survival rate of tree transplantation, the post personnel must be experienced technicians or skilled workers trained and audited by the garden department to participate in the project.
1.0.5 This regulation is formulated according to the decades of practical experience and technical summary of the staff of Beijing Bureau of Landscape Architecture.
Chapter II Artistic Language
2.0. 1 wooden box transplantation: when transplanting big trees, the clods at the roots are heavier. In order to ensure that the clods are intact during transplantation, they are packed in wooden boxes for transplantation.
2.0.2 Root-shrinking method: Before the tree is transplanted 1-2 years, according to the predetermined size at the time of transplantation, dig a ditch with a width of 60-80 cm around the tree, cut off the roots, and then return the loose nutrient soil to make it heal at the fracture of the roots and grow new roots, which is beneficial to survival at the time of transplantation.
2.0.3 Detached repair: refers to the repair and shaping of soil balls or soil platforms according to specifications and standards when transplanting soil balls or wooden boxes.
2.0.4 Digging: Digging out the soil, and cutting off the soil ball and the root of the soil platform.
2.0.5 Waist rope: In the middle of the height of the soil ball, a straw rope is wound.
2.0.6 Double-stranded biaxial: When the soil ball is packed, two layers are wrapped with two straw ropes.
2.0.7 iron plate strips: iron plates with a thickness of 0. 1 cm are processed into holes-instead of iron bars, strips with a width of 3cm and a length of 60- 100 cm are used to connect wooden cases. Also known as iron sheet (commonly known as iron waist).
2.0.8 Original soil: the depth of trees in the original planting area and the trace of surface soil.
2.0.9 Decorative surface: The crown has a beautiful decorative surface.
2.0. 10 Post-maintenance: maintenance management from the completion of tree planting (or watering for three times) to the completion and acceptance of the project in the second year before handover. (The investment source is engineering investment).
2.0. 1 1 Packaging: Wrap the soil ball tightly with pu and tie it tightly with straw rope.
Chapter III Transplanting Methods of Big Trees
3.0. 1 According to different tree species and transplanting time, it is generally divided into bare root transplantation and soil ball transplantation. Transplanting with soil can be divided into soft soil ball transplanting and hard wooden box transplanting.
3.0.2 When transplanting, the root system stipulates that the general root diameter is 7- 10 times of the trunk diameter at the tree 1.3m, and the root depth depends on the root system distribution, generally 70- 120cm.
3.0.3 Conditional or old trees should be cut off by root reduction 65438+ 0-2 years in advance before transplanting.
3.0.4 Suitable tree species and methods for transplantation
Theoretically, any tree species can be transplanted as long as the time is well mastered and the measures are reasonable. Now only the common transplanted trees and the methods used are introduced.
A) Evergreen tree species: Sabina vulgaris, Pinus tabulaeformis, Pinus bungeana, Cedar, Cypress, Platycladus orientalis, Spruce, Abies Abies, Pinus armandii, etc.
B) Deciduous trees and precious ornamental trees: Sophora japonica, Luan tree, Fraxinus microphylla, Acer truncatum, Ginkgo biloba, Magnolia grandiflora, etc.
C) appropriate transplantation methods
1), the soil ball method should be adopted for evergreen trees and deciduous trees transplanted in non-dormancy period or trees that need to be transplanted for a long time. Generally, the trunk diameter is 15-20 cm, which can be transplanted by soft soil ball method. The diameter of soil ball1.5-1.8m. The diameter of trunk is 20-40 cm, and it is transplanted in a square box. The size of the square box is 1.8-3m. Generally, the specifications of soil balls and large wooden boxes are 7-9 times the dry diameter.
2) Deciduous trees transplanted during dormancy can be transplanted with bare roots or bare roots with a little protective soil. Generally, the root diameter is 8- 10 times of the trunk diameter. (Except for trees with special requirements)
3.0.5 Time for transplanting big trees
Deciduous trees: it should be carried out in the dormant period after the trees have fallen leaves. It is spring and autumn in Beijing.
Evergreen trees: It can be carried out in spring, summer (rainy) and autumn, but transplanting in summer will miss the vigorous growth period of new plants, and transplanting in spring is generally the best.
Chapter IV Selection of Transplanted Trees
4.0. 1 should meet the design requirements for tree specifications and quality.
4.0.2 The basic requirements for transplanting trees are as follows:
A) no serious pests and diseases.
B) No serious mechanical damage.
C), must have the necessary ornamental.
D) The plants are robust and grow normally.
E) Mechanical energy of lifting and transportation can reach the place where trees are transplanted.
4.0.3 After the transplanted trees are selected, they should be clearly marked with paint on the north side of the trunk, so as to find out the sunrise face of the trees. At the same time, the trees should be listed, numbered and registered to facilitate the corresponding seating.
4.0.4 Establish a tree card, the contents of which include: tree number, tree species, specifications (height, trunk diameter at branch point, crown width), tree age, growth status, tree position and transplanting location. You can also keep photos or videos if necessary.
Chapter V Preparation before Transplantation
5.0. 1 Trees that need to be transplanted shall go through ownership transfer and necessary procedures in accordance with relevant regulations.
5.0.2 Understand the transplanted trees, surrounding environment, soil conditions, obstacles on the ground, underground facilities and traffic routes in detail.
5.0.3 According to the varieties and construction conditions of transplanted trees, formulate specific transplanting techniques and safety measures.
5.0.4 Prepare for the transportation of tools, materials and mechanical equipment required for construction. Before construction, please invite relevant departments such as transportation, municipal administration, public utilities, telecommunications, etc. to the site to help remove construction obstacles and go through the necessary procedures.
5.0.5 Prune the crown of deciduous trees before transplanting. Bare root transplanting generally adopts heavy pruning, and the branches of 1/2-2/3 are cut off. Transplanting with soil can be lightly cut, and the branches of 1/3 can be cut off. When trimming, the cut must be smooth and the cross section should be as narrow as possible. When pruning branches more than 2 cm, the cut should be coated with preservatives. Evergreen trees generally do not need pruning before transplanting. After planting, the branches are broken, too dense, overlapping, whorled, drooping, overgrown with branches, pests and diseases, etc. You can cut it off at the time of transplantation. When pruning evergreen trees, leave 1-2 cm branches, and don't cut off the roots. After cutting, apply preservative or package incision. When pruning deciduous trees, you can leave some branchlets appropriately, which is convenient for budding and spreading leaves.
5.0.6 After determining the trees to be migrated, it is advisable to take root reduction (root cutting) measures 0-2 years in advance.
5.0.7 Trunk wrapped with hemp chips and straw ropes can generally reduce evaporation and scratches from roots to branches during transplanting. Demolition should be carried out after planting.
Chapter VI Excavation of Trees
The first section bare root excavation
6. 1. 1 Bare root transplantation is limited to deciduous trees. According to the specified root system size, it should depend on the root system distribution, which is generally 8- 10 times of the trunk diameter at1.3m..
6. 1.2 The key to the survival of bare root transplantation is to shorten the exposure time as much as possible. After transplanting, the roots should be kept moist by spraying humectant or mud after digging the roots and wrapping them with wet grass.
6. 1.3 Dig the operation ditch vertically outside the width of the left root, with a width of 60-80 cm. The depth of the ditch depends on the distribution of the root system, and there will be no main root when digging. Generally 80- 120cm.
6. 1.4 During excavation, all roots except reserved ones shall be cut off, and the incision shall be smooth and not split.
6. 1.5 Starting from the left root depth below 1/2, you can gradually dig inward. After cutting off all the main lateral roots, you can break the soil platform, keep the protective soil, remove the residual soil and push down the trees. If there are special requirements, the roots can be bandaged.
Section 2 Excavation of Soil Ball 6.2. 1 Soil ball transplantation should ensure that the soil ball is in good condition, especially in rainy season.
6.2.2 Generally, the specification of soil ball is 7- 10 times of the dry diameter of .3m, and the height of soil ball is about 2/3 of the diameter of soil ball.
6.2.3 Before excavating tall trees or trees with larger crown width, supports should be set to stabilize the trees.
6.2.4 Soak the packaging materials, cattail bags, pieces of cattail bags and straw ropes in water for later use.
6.2.5 Before excavation, draw a circle with the trunk as the center according to the specified size, and dig a 60-80 cm operation ditch outside the circle to the specified depth. When digging, go to the topsoil first, see the root of the table, and then dig down. When digging, the thick roots must be sawed off and leveled, and hard shovels are not allowed to avoid loosening.
6.2.6 Detached repair: the remaining soil lump is repaired into a frustum-shaped soil ball with upper and lower parts by milling.
6.2.7 For the back cover, the bottom of the soil ball should not be too large, which is generally about 1/3 of the diameter of the soil ball. When the bottom is closed, the thick roots should be sawed off.
6.2.8 Wrap the rope around the waist. Wrap the soil ball around the waist with a straw rope soaked in water, and tighten it as you play. The width of the waist rope depends on the soil quality of the soil ball. Generally, it is about 1/5 of the soil ball.
6.2.9 After opening the bottom ditch and wrapping the waist rope, dig a bottom ditch with a width of 5-6 cm inward at the bottom of the soil ball, so that it can be wrapped around the bottom edge when packaging, and the straw rope is not easy to loosen.
6.2. 10 Wrap the soil ball tightly with packaging materials (pu Bao, pu Bao piece, sack piece, etc.). ) and wrapped with straw rope.
6.2. 1 1 When packing, the rope should be tightened and knocked while winding. Starting from two or four strands of straw rope, it is slightly inclined, bypassing the bottom of the soil ball from top to bottom along the ditch, returning to the top of the soil ball from the other side, and bypassing the trunk clockwise. Two or four strands of straw rope should be made first, and the second layer should be laminated with the first layer of flowers. Straw rope spacing is generally 8- 10 cm. Pay attention to the arrangement of double ropes when winding straw ropes.
6.2. 12 waist rope, wrap 20-30cm waist rope around the soil ball with straw rope after packing. Tie the straw rope tightly and beat it with a mallet while winding it. After wrapping, tie the waist rope up and down obliquely with straw rope to avoid falling off.
6.2. 13 After the packaging is completed, push down the trees in the predetermined direction. If it is a straight root, it should be sawed off, not pushed hard. Then, wrap the bottom tightly with a cattail grass and connect the straw rope with the straw rope on the soil ball in series.
Section 3 Excavation of Wooden Cases
6.3. 1 The soil platform of the transplanted wooden box is square, with small top and large bottom. Generally, the lower part is about110 less than the upper part.
6.3.2 Setting-out: firstly, clean the topsoil, expose the root system of the surface, select the crown viewing surface centered on the trunk as required, and draw a square soil platform range 5- 10 cm larger than the specified size, and the size must be accurate. Then draw a square white line 80- 100 cm outside the scope of the soil platform, which is the scope of the operation ditch.
6.3.3 Pillars should be erected and 3-4 triangular or square trees should be used to stabilize the trees. The column should be strong and the length should be above the branch point. A small bar can be nailed to the bottom of the column, and then it can be buried and compacted. Pillars and branches should be tied tightly, but the joints must be padded with soft objects, and the bark cannot be ground directly. In order to be more stable, cross bars can be added between columns.
6.3.4 According to the specified trench excavation, the trench wall shall be neat and smooth, and shall not be sunken inward. Dig to the specified depth, and the excavated soil will be paved or transported away at any time.
6.3.5 Trim the soil platform, and the four corners are 5cm larger than the wooden box board according to the specified size. The earth platform should be flat, and there should be no outstanding earth platforms such as masonry and thick roots. No one can stand on the repaired earthen platform.
6.3.6 After the grounding platform is repaired, install the side plates on each side first. When using the upper plate, the upper opening of the plate should be slightly lower than the soil platform 1-2 cm, and the lower opening should be higher than the bottom edge 1-2 cm. When leaning against the box board, the four corners of the soil platform are padded with cattails and then leaned against the box board. After leaning against the box board, temporarily fix it with wooden sticks and pit edges. After passing the inspection, the upper and lower parts will be surrounded by steel wire ropes and placed at 15-20 cm along the upper and lower edges respectively. Two wire rope interfaces are respectively placed in the direction of the box board (one east and one west or one south and one north), and the wire rope interfaces are inserted into the tightener hooks. Pay attention to the tightener to be steady on the belt in the middle of the box board. In order to make the box board close to the soil platform, 1-2 log pins should be placed between the rope boards on all sides. After putting it away, rotate it on both sides with the barge stick to tighten the wire rope synchronously, and then tap the wire rope with the wooden stick until you hear the sound of the metal string.
6.3.7 Nail the box board, connecting the four corners of the wooden box with the processed iron waist, nailing the iron waist, with the top and bottom of the two boards being 5cm, and nailing one every 8- 10 cm in the middle. The round nail should be tilted slightly outward, and don't bend the nail. Only after the metal vibrato is struck can the wire rope be removed. Wooden cases over 2.5cm can also be pulled out of logs before tensioning the wire rope.
6.3.8 Downcutting: After the surrounding grooves are dug to a depth of 30-40 cm, the bottom is cut into the soil platform at the same time from the opposite sides, and the width of the bottom is equivalent to the width of the installed veneer. When cutting the bottom, the soil is slightly higher than the lower edge of the box plate 1-2 cm. If the roots are thick, they should be sawed slightly into the soil layer.
6.3.9 When the width of the plate is cut, it shall be installed immediately. When installing, one end of the bottom plate should be installed on the wooden belt of the side plate of the wooden box, the lower part should be propped up with wooden piers, and the other end should be jacked up with hydraulic jacks. After the board is near, nail the iron kidney with a round nail, prop up the wooden pier, and then withdraw the hydraulic jack. Then use a wooden stick to support the upper end of the board firmly with the pit wall, pad the board on one side of the pit wall, and dig the bottom inward.
6.3. 10 When digging inward, it is forbidden for the head and body of the operator to enter the bottom of the soil platform, and the operation should be stopped when the wind speed reaches level 4 or above.
6.3. 1 1 When the subsoil is loose, the bottom plate should be padded with a cattail bag, and the bottom plate can be sealed without gaps. If there is a small amount of soil loss and soil removal, the bottom plate should be filled with pu packaging soil or wooden boards and nailed.
Install the upper plate. First, level the topsoil shovel pad, with the middle slightly higher than 1-2 cm. The length of the upper plate shall be equal to the outer edge of the side plate, and shall not exceed or be insufficient. Before putting it on the tray, put a bun, and the direction of the tray crosses the bottom plate. The upper plate spacing should be uniform, generally 15-20 cm. If the trees are moved many times, the upper wall can also change direction and add another layer in the shape of a well.
Chapter VII Loading, Unloading and Transportation of Trees
7.0. 1 Large mechanical vehicles must be used for loading, unloading and transportation of trees, so in order to ensure safe and smooth operation, skilled personnel must be equipped for unified command. Operators should work in strict accordance with safety regulations.
7.0.2 Trees should be protected during loading, unloading and transportation, especially the roots, soil balls and wooden cases should be kept intact. The crown of the tree should be enclosed and the trunk should be protected with packaging.
7.0.3 When loading, the root system, soil ball and wooden box shall move forward and the crown of the tree shall move backward.
7.0.4 When loading and unloading bare-rooted trees, special attention should be paid to protecting the roots to reduce root splitting and breaking. After loading, the roots should be stable and tight, and covered with wet straw bags or tarpaulins for protection. When unloading, it shall be hoisted in sequence.
7.0.5 When loading and unloading the soil ball tree, the soil ball shall be completely protected and shall not be scattered. Therefore, when loading and unloading, it should be tied with thick hemp rope, and at the same time, a board should be placed between the rope and the soil ball. After loading, the soil ball should be steady and clamped with boards to prevent rolling.
7.0.6 When loading and unloading trees with wooden cases, it is necessary to ensure that the wooden cases are intact. The key is to tie the rope and hang it. First, use a steel rope around the fence at about 1/3 at the lower end of the wooden case, and thread the rope into the hook. Another wire rope or hemp rope is used, one end of which is padded with a soft object, which is tied to the proper position of the trunk at an appropriate angle, and the other end is also put into the hook. After slowly tilting the crown upward, find the center of gravity and protect the tree body, and then you can hang it and install it. When loading, the car should be padded with two squares of 10× 10cm longer than the wooden case. Be careful not to press the wire rope when putting the box.
7.0.7 All parts of the road arch inclined to superelevation shall be surrounded as much as possible. Don't drag the crown of the tree, put a stable bracket at the rear of the carriage and pad soft objects (pu Bao, straw bag) to support the trunk.
7.0.8 There should be a special person to escort the vehicle during transportation. Escort personnel should be familiar with tree species, unloading locations, transportation routes and obstacles along the way. Escort personnel should be in the carriage and should cooperate closely with the driver. Eliminate driving obstacles at any time.
Chapter VIII Planting Trees
8.0. 1 Dig the planting hole according to the design position, and the specifications of the planting hole shall be determined according to the size of the root system, soil ball and wooden box.
A) The planting holes of bare roots and soil balls are round pits, which should be 60-80cm larger than the diameter of the roots or soil balls and 20-30cm deeper. The pit wall should be smooth and vertical. After digging, put a 20-30cm mound at the bottom of the pit.
B) The trees in the wooden box and excavation pit are 80- 100 cm larger than the surrounding wooden boxes, and the pit depth is 20-30 cm deeper than the wooden boxes. The excavated bad soil and surplus soil should be transported away. Put planting soil and humus soil beside the pit for later use.
8.0.2 The planting depth should be appropriate, generally about 5cm above the ground or flush with the original soil trace.
8.0.3 When planting, you should choose the direction of the main viewing surface and take care of the sunrise surface. Generally, the tree bend should be windward as far as possible, the crown should be positively supported for planting, and the main tip and root of the crown should be on a vertical line.
8.0.4 Returning soil to field, humus soil is generally added to planting soil, and (mixed soil made of fertile soil) is used, with a ratio of 7/3. Pay attention to the fertile soil must be fully decomposed and mixed evenly. When returning the soil, it should be carried out in layers, one layer every 30cm, and then it should be practical and compacted.
8.0.5 Columns should be erected, generally 3-4 Chinese fir trees are high, or the fibers should be pulled by thin steel wire rope, and the buried depth should be firm, and the joint between the rope and the trunk should be padded with soft objects.
8.0.6 Open the weir,
A) Open the garden weir with bare roots and soil balls. The inner diameter of the weir is the same as the pit edge, and the height of the weir is about 20-30cm. Be careful not to go too deep when opening the weir, so as not to dig roots or soil balls.
B) Wooden box trees, double-layer square weir, with inner weir at the edge of soil platform and outer weir at the edge of square pit, with weir height of about 25cm. The weir shall be made of fine soil and compacted, and shall not leak.
8.0.7 Water in three times, the first time the water quantity is not too large, and the water flow is slow, which makes the soil sink. Generally, the second watering should be completed within two or three days after planting, and the third watering should be completed within one week. The amount of water for these two times should be sufficient, and attention should be paid to the whole weir after each watering, and the soil should be filled to prevent leakage.
8.0.8 When planting bare-rooted trees, the root system must be stretched, the root splitting should be cut off, and the incision should be smooth. Rooting agent can be applied if conditions permit.
8.0.9 When planting soil ball trees, put the soil ball firmly, then unpack and take it out for packaging. If the soil ball is loose, it is not necessary to remove it below the waist rope, but the upper part should be untied and taken out.
8.0. 10 To plant a wooden box tree, first build a mound with a height of about 20cm in the pit.
Rectangular soil platform with a width of 30-80 cm. If the trees are upright, if the soil is hard and the soil platform is in good condition, you can first remove the three bottom plates in the middle, wrap the bottom plates with two wire ropes, tie the two ends of the rope to the hooks, and hang them in the into the pit and put them on the soil platform. Pay attention to the trees when lifting into the pit. It is forbidden to stand under the trees and the boom. After the wooden box is into the pit, in order to correct the position, the operator should work in the upper part of the pit, and don't stand in the pit to avoid squeezing injury. After the trees are stable, pull out the wire rope and take down the bottom plate to fill the soil. When the trees are firmly supported, you can remove the upper plate of the wooden box and the Pubao. The pit is filled with about 1/3. Then the four sides of the box board are removed, taken out and compacted to the ground layer by layer.
Chapter IX Management of Late Maintenance of Trees
9.0. 1 The maintenance and management of big trees after transplanting is particularly important, and the first year after planting is the key. To focus on the comprehensive maintenance management centered on improving the survival rate of trees, we must first have the necessary funds and organizational guarantee. Set up a special person, formulate specific maintenance measures, and carry out maintenance management.
9.0.2 Watering should be timely and sufficient, depending on the needs of tree growth and climate change. After watering, intertillage or seal the weir. Evergreen trees should also pay attention to spraying water on their leaves, and pay attention to drainage in rainy season. There should be no water on the tree weir.
9.0.3 Pay attention to pruning, tillering and bud setting after transplanting deciduous trees, and then gradually change the cultivated tree type after surviving and growing.
9.0.4 For trees prone to diseases and insect pests, there should be special personnel to observe them regularly and take preventive measures in time.
9.0.5 Strengthen supervision and maintenance to prevent natural disasters and man-made damage.