1. Seedling raising: Plum trees can propagate asexual seedlings through grafting and branching. Grafting propagation is often used in production, and the seedlings of peaches and plums can be used as rootstocks.
Garden construction: plum trees have low requirements for light, but high requirements for air temperature and soil temperature. In terms of cultivation, it can be properly densely planted and planted into a rectangle; General plant row spacing is 4m×5m, 3M×4m and 2m×3M.
Soil management: Plum trees grow rapidly and are full of fruits. Fertilizer and water management should be timely. First, we should pay attention to the early use of base fertilizer in autumn, mainly by circulating fertilization and adding a small amount of chemical fertilizer, which is generally used immediately after fruit picking; From flowering to fruit picking, topdressing once every half month, mainly using compound fertilizer or manure, and foliar spraying can also be combined with spraying 0.3%-0.5% urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Irrigation should be done in time after each fertilization or before and after rainfall. Irrigation before flowering is beneficial to fruit setting, and irrigation after flowering can prevent falling flowers and fruits; Plum trees are afraid of waterlogging, so drainage must be paid attention to in rainy season.
2, plastic pruning
The suitable tree shape of plum tree is a natural joy. Choose three main branches to grow obliquely outward, and do not leave big branches and big branches inside.
Plastic treatment: cut once 50-60 cm from the ground after planting (the vertical variety is shorter and the open variety is higher). Plastic bags (15- 20cm below the incision) should have strong leaf buds. After germination, 4-6 scattered healthy buds should be kept, with 1 branch per node and the rest removed.
Selection and retention of main branches: choose three main branches in the second winter. Uniformly distributed, the base angle is controlled at 50-60 degrees, and the growth is balanced. After the main branch is determined, it should be cut according to its germination ability and branching ability. The length of other branches with weak germination and branching ability should not exceed 60cm. Varieties with strong germination and branching ability should not exceed 80cm to avoid baldness. There is no central work.
3, pest control
In the case of poor management conditions, plum trees are easily affected by pests and diseases. Light affects the development of trees, resulting in poor fruit quality and low yield; Seriously, it will lead to weak trees, short life span and inedible fruits. There are mainly plum heart worms, aphids, red spiders, plum red spots, bacterial perforation and so on.
Plum borer: Before physiological fruit drop, apply 50% phoxim 1%- 1.5% solution under the crown of plum tree once. At the flowering stage (95% of the flowering stage), when the small fruit is big, spray Fuling for the first time, once every 7- 10 days. After autumn, the fallen fruits should be swept away to reduce the source of insects in the coming year.
Aphids: combined pruning in early spring, cutting off damaged branches and intensive destruction. In the peak period, phoxim emulsion 2% solution and Tianzisong WP 50% 1.5% solution can be used for control.