Planting loquat trees
Planting techniques of loquat trees;
First, apply fruit fertilizer.
After loquat matures, the nutritional level of the tree is relatively low, so it is necessary to apply sufficient fertilizer in time after fruit picking, and it is required to apply organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, and the amount of fertilization should account for about 50% of the whole year. Especially in high-yield orchards, the amount of fertilization should be increased, and farm manure 1000- 1500 kg, quick-acting compound fertilizer 50 kg and cake fertilizer 100- 150 kg can be applied per mu.
Fertilization should be applied in circular furrow with the crown dripping water as the boundary, and it must be completed one week after fruit picking, and irrigation should be done in time to facilitate the root system to absorb nutrients and promote the early germination of summer shoots.
Second, summer pruning
Summer pruning must be based on ventilation and light transmission to enhance the tree potential. Prune cross branches, overlapping branches, diseased branches and dead branches. The fruiting branches should be shortened: weak fruiting branches, 1-2 sprouting branches in spring, and too many weak branches should be thinned; For long branches, they should be drained, cut short or left with branches according to the spacing of the crown; For the main branches with too many wounds, it is necessary to smear the wounds with sulfur mixture in time to prevent the wounds from being infected with germs and affecting the growth of trees.
Loquat Tree and Loquat Tree Planting
Loquat is a small evergreen tree and subtropical tree, which is native to Sichuan and Shaanxi in the west of China. Hubei, Zhejiang and other provinces, the provinces south of the Yangtze River are mostly fruit trees, and Dongting in Jiangsu and Xiao Yun in Fujian are famous loquat producing areas.
Loquat is native to subtropical zone and needs high temperature. It can grow normally when the annual average temperature is above 12℃, but the annual average temperature of economic cultivation should be 15~ 17℃, without severe cold weather. The flowering period of loquat is in late winter and early spring, and the low temperature in winter and spring will affect its flowering and fruiting. When the temperature is -6℃, it will cause freezing damage to flowers and young fruits at -3℃. Pollen begins to germinate above 10℃, and the most suitable temperature for pollen germination is about 20℃. However, when the air temperature or ground temperature is above 30℃, the growth of branches, leaves and roots is slow and poor. When the fruit meets the high temperature of 35℃ 7~ 15 days before picking, it is easy to cause sunburn injury and even lose its edible value. Loquat has low requirements on soil and wide adaptability. Generally, soil can grow and bear fruit, but loose soil with more sand or gravel grows better.
Planting management techniques of loquat trees
Second, the characteristics of cultivation techniques 1, propagation and planting loquat propagation generally adopt grafting method, and a small number of seedlings can also adopt twig high pressure method.
The rhizome is loquat rhizome, and related plant Photinia can also be used. Loquat seeds have no dormancy period, so they should be sown as they are picked, or stored temporarily in the shade in dry sand after washing, otherwise they will soon lose their germination ability.
Seedlings are afraid of dry heat and sunshine, so they need to build a shade shed after emergence. L-3 can be used for grafting after culture.
Scions should choose L-2-year-old branches, as long as they grow vigorously, both spring shoots and summer shoots can be used. Grafting generally adopts branch grafting method.
Small rootstocks are cut or cut, and large rootstocks are mostly split or subcutaneously grafted. The best time is before and after the germination of spring shoots, and early is appropriate.
Scions are picked during grafting, or cut in advance before grafting, and the leaves are removed and stored in wet river sand for later use. 1-2-year-old rootstocks can also be grafted with skin, which saves scions, improves efficiency, prolongs grafting time and has a high survival rate.
When grafting, it is advisable to leave some roots, leaves or water-absorbing branches under the joint to facilitate survival. Two-year-old grafted seedlings are generally used for planting, and large seedlings are also suitable for planting in the courtyard.
Seedlings should be dipped in cheese or mud, and some leaves should be cut off (half a year) to reduce water transpiration. Water immediately after planting. If it doesn't rain within l-2 weeks, water it continuously until it survives.
In warm winter areas, the planting period should be in autumn; In the cold northern region, the planting period should be before spring germination; In the rainy season, the planting period should be May-June. Loquat has shallow roots and large leaves. After planting in windy areas, pillars should be erected next to the plants to prevent dumping.
2. Fertilization management The flower buds of loquat begin to differentiate in summer and autumn, and bloom in about 3 months. In order to make the flower buds well differentiated and the flower spikes stout, the mature fruit-bearing trees should be fertilized before and after fruit picking at the seedling stage of summer shoots and before flowering.
Young tree management young loquat root system is not strong, and fertilization should adopt the principle of thin application and diligent application. For the first fertilization, from planting survival to germination, use 150 times of "Haizhuangyuan" seaweed paste or powdery fertilizer, and apply 5-8kg per plant, and then apply fertilizer once every 1 month until 10 month.
2-5-year-old loquat trees are fertilized 5-6 times a year, about once every two months from February, and each plant is applied with "Haizhuangyuan" seaweed organic fertilizer 10 kg or "Haizhuangyuan" seaweed organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (10-5-10)1-2 kg. Fruit tree management (1) Fruit picking fertilizer: May-June, before and after fruit picking and before summer shoots sprout.
Generally, the combination of quick-acting fertilizer and slow-acting fertilizer has the largest annual fertilization amount, accounting for about 50-60% of the total annual fertilization, and is widely used in fruit trees. In the harvest year, fertilizer should be applied in advance before fruit picking, so as to facilitate the recovery of tree vigor and early summer branches and prevent years from coming.
Each plant is applied with "Haizhuangyuan" seaweed organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (10-5-10)1-1.5 kg, and "Haizhuangyuan" seaweed organic fertilizer is 25-30 kg. (2) Fertilizer before flowering: 9- 1 1 month, applied before flowering.
It is best to apply high-quality organic fertilizer to improve the cold-proof effect. Trees with many flowers should be combined with organic and inorganic compound fertilizer or topdressing phosphorus and potassium fertilizer outside their roots.
In areas where there are many autumn rains, less flowers and more trees can be used or not. Fertilizer before flowering accounts for about 20-30% of the annual consumption.
Apply "Haizhuangyuan" seaweed organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (12-6-12)1.5-2.0 kg per plant. (3) Fertilization in spring: after fruit thinning in February and March.
This fertilization mainly promotes the germination of spring shoots and the development of young fruits. Trees with more fruits and fewer spring shoots can be applied; Trees with fewer fruits and more shoots in spring can be spared.
About 10% of the annual consumption. At this time, fertilization should prevent partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, so as not to reduce fruit quality.
Apply "Haizhuangyuan" seaweed organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (12-6-12)1-1.5 kg per plant. (4) Fruit-strengthening fertilizer: in early April, it is applied during the fruit expansion period.
It accounts for 10-20% of the annual consumption. Don't apply too much potash fertilizer this time.
Apply "Haizhuangyuan" seaweed organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (12-6-12)1-1.5 kg to each plant, and at the same time cooperate with root topdressing to promote fruit expansion. Spraying 800- 1000 times of rare earth calcium of Haizhuangyuan and 800- 1000 times of Haizhuangyuan marine polypeptide on the leaves.
3. Soil management and drainage irrigation Adult orchards can be covered with weeds or crop straws from April to September, and pressed into the orchard when fertilizing or expanding holes to improve the soil in autumn, which can not only enrich the soil, but also keep the soil moist in summer and reduce the ground temperature, which is beneficial to plant growth. Covering the tree tray in winter is beneficial to loquat overwintering.
Plough the whole garden once in winter, with the depth of 10-20 cm. If there is too much rain at the fruit maturity, it is easy to cause poor coloring and fruit cracking, so pay attention to drainage in rainy areas.
In case of spring drought during the development of young fruits, they should be properly irrigated. Summer drought seriously affects the differentiation of flower buds and the growth and development of flower spikes, especially in August-September. If the weather is dry, irrigation should be used to fight drought.
Planting loquat trees
Planting technology of loquat tree: 1. After loquat matures, the nutritional level of the tree is relatively low. After fruit picking, sufficient fertilizer must be applied in time, requiring the application of organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, and the amount of fertilization should account for about 50% of the whole year.
Especially in high-yield orchards, the amount of fertilization should be increased, and farm manure 1000- 1500 kg, quick-acting compound fertilizer 50 kg and cake fertilizer 100- 150 kg can be applied per mu. Fertilization should be applied in circular furrow with the crown dripping water as the boundary, and it must be completed one week after fruit picking, and irrigation should be done in time to facilitate the root system to absorb nutrients and promote the early germination of summer shoots.
Second, summer pruning Summer pruning must be based on ventilation and light transmission, and the premise of enhancing tree potential. Prune cross branches, overlapping branches, diseased branches and dead branches.
The fruiting branches should be shortened: weak fruiting branches, 1-2 sprouting branches in spring, and too many weak branches should be thinned; For long branches, thinning should be carried out according to the spatial interval of the crown, and short sections or branches should be left; For the main branches with too many wounds, it is necessary to smear the wounds with sulfur mixture in time to prevent the wounds from being infected with germs and affecting the growth of trees.
Planting method of loquat seedlings
In order to obtain high quality and high yield, we should pay attention to the following points: 1, reasonable close planting: select red and yellow loamy soil with deep soil layer, good drainage and rich humus for planting, and require the spacing between plants to be 4*5 meters, with 30-40 plants per mu.
.2. Deep digging and planting holes: the width is about 1m and the depth is 0.8m, or the bottom layer is torn after blasting. 3. Re-applying base fertilizer: Fill each hole with 0.5-0.75 kg of lime and 0.5 kg of calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizer 1- 1.5 kg.
1 kg of compound fertilizer and 20-30 kg of decomposed manure, divided into three layers according to thickness, and filled into the mound with the best height of 35-40 cm on the ground. 4. Scientific topdressing: the seedling raising period of loquat seedlings is within 3 years after planting, and the crown is expanded by vegetative growth.
Fertilization should be "light fertilizer and diligent application, promoting front control and rear control". Before and after sprouting in spring, summer and autumn shoots, shoot-promoting fertilizer and shoot-strengthening fertilizer should be applied once a year.
Apply 5- 10 kg of water and fertilizer to each plant, and add 50- 100 g of urea for mixed application. Fertilization for adult fruit trees: Generally, fertilization is divided into 3-4 times, from 1-2 months, from the flower withering to the young fruit stage, mainly available potassium and phosphorus; In May and June, the fruit fertilizer was applied again, with 30-40kg water fertilizer per plant, cake (withered) fertilizer 1-2kg, calcium superphosphate1kg, to restore the tree vigor and promote the emergence of summer shoots.
Apply pre-flowering fertilizer and fruit fertilizer at the right time. How to maintain and manage loquat seedlings 1 Less fertilizer and water investment in young trees. If you apply less fertilizer and water, young trees will grow, and the lack of nutrition will be difficult to meet the material needs of flowering.
For this "thirsty" young tree, it is necessary to increase fertilizer and water and improve nutritional status in order to bear fruit in time. 2. Improper pruning For young trees, if pruning 1 year, 1 year is short and overweight is too short, it will inevitably lead to vigorous growth, unstable tree growth and difficulty in flowering and fruiting.
The pruning of young trees should take shaping as a long-term goal, with the aim of increasing branch crown and stabilizing tree potential. 3. Branches of fruit trees without branch angles tend to grow naturally upward. If it is a young tree without branch angles, the growth center moves outward, the inner hall is closed, and the ventilation and light transmission conditions become worse, making it difficult to blossom and bear fruit.
The solution is to open the branch angle by means of supporting, pulling, separating and hanging in the growing season, which is the structural basis of early fruit. 4. The influence of pests and diseases and intercropping crops on orchard management is extensive, and most of them are serious.
Branches, new shoots and leaves were all damaged to varying degrees, which inhibited the normal growth and delayed the fruiting period of the appropriate age. It is unscientific to plant some intercropping crops in some orchards, which competes with fruit trees for fertilizer, water and glory, and even becomes the host of fruit tree pests, which is not conducive to the growth of fruit trees and the sun exposure of fruiting people.