The original meaning of "Zhu" refers to a kind of wood with a red heart. "It is incomprehensible with a pure heart, so it can be recognized at a glance." Duan Yucai, a scholar of the Qing Dynasty, believed that the formation of the surname Zhu was related to In ancient times, a clan that worshiped red heart wood was related to another clan that worshiped spider totem. There are at least five sources of the surname Zhu: one is Shun's son Danzhu who later took the surname Zhu as his surname; one is the descendant of Shun's minister Zhu Hu (or Zhu Biao); one is Weizi Qi of Song Dynasty who later changed the surname of Song Dynasty to Zhu; the other is Zhuzi After the Kingdom, he went to the city to be Zhu; first, in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Hu people named Kezhuo Hun changed their surname to the Han surname Zhu. However, among the five origins of the Zhu family, the Zhu family with the surname Cao after Zhu Ziguo has the strongest vitality.

The first Zhu surname recorded in ancient books should be attributed to the Zhu Xiang family of the ancient emperor who lived between Fu Xi and Shennong in ancient legends. Wang?'s "The Travels of the Yellow Emperor" said: "The Zhu family, after the Yellow Emperor "The Genealogy of the Jian'an Family of the Ziyang Zhu Family: The Origin of the Surname" written by Song Zhendexiu also says: "The Zhu family originated from Xuanyuan." It can be seen that the ancestor of the Zhu family should be the ancestor of the Chinese nation - Huangdi. The Yellow Emperor gave birth to Chang Yi, Chang Yi gave birth to Han Liu, and Han Liu gave birth to Zhuanxu. "Zhu, after Zhuanxu." ("Yuanhe Surname Compilation") Therefore, the surname Zhu originated from Zhuanxu's Gaoyang family. The great-great-grandson of Emperor Zhuanxu, Lu Zhong's fifth son was named An, and was given the surname Cao by Dayu. During the reign of King Wu of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Cao Xia, a descendant of An'an, settled in Zhu State (now Fei, Zou, Teng County, Shandong Province, etc.) and established his capital in Zhu (now Zou Village, Southeast of Qufu, Shandong Province). His surviving family members took the name of the country as their surname, Zhu Zhu. . During the Warring States Period, the Zhu State was destroyed by the Chu State. The nobles of the Zhu State fled everywhere, so they went to Erbean and changed their surname to Zhu. Zhu Xia (Cao Xia) is the ancestor of today's Zhu surname.

Origined from the Zhu Xiang clan

The Zhu Xiang clan was the chief of a tribe at the end of primitive society. He led his tribe to join the Central Plains tribal alliance headed by Fu Xi, and became the leader after Fu Xi. Tribes in the Central Plains. Today's Huaiyang area in Henan Province was the center of Fuxi's activities in ancient times, and the Zhuxiang tribe also lived here. Some of the descendants of the Zhu Xiang family bear the surname Zhu, forming the oldest branch of the surname Zhu.

After Danzhu, the son of Emperor Yao,

Danzhu’s original surname was Qi, and his given name was Zhu. He was the eldest son of Emperor Yao, one of the five ancient emperors. Because he was granted the title of Danshui (now in Xichuan, Henan), Hence the name Danzhu. After Danzhu's death, his tribe derived many branches and different surnames, such as Dan, Fang, Fu, Li, etc. Among them, the most important one took the ancestral name and formed the Zhu surname.

After Shun minister Zhu Hu

Zhu Hu, also known as Bohu, was a minister of the Emperor Ku Gaoxin family. According to legend, Emperor Ku had eight talented men (actually the leaders of eight tribes) assisting him, known as the "Eight Yuans" in history. After Emperor Ku died, Yao succeeded to the throne and Ba Yuan retired. When Shun succeeded Yao as emperor, he re-appointed a large number of old ministers, and the leader of the Zhuhu tribe returned as minister. The Zhu Hu family became prosperous again, and his descendants took the surname Zhu, becoming an important source of today's large Zhu family.

The surname Zhu comes from Wei Ziqi of Song Dynasty.

Wei Ziqi is the concubine brother of King Zhou of Yin (Shang). After King Wu of Zhou destroyed the Shang Dynasty, he implemented the policy of "reviving and destroying the country and inheriting the peerless world". He unsealed the Weizi and established the Song Dynasty in the Shangqiu area of ????Henan Province to inherit the incense of Shangtang. Wei Ziqi had a son named Gongzi Zhu (surname was Zi Zhu). The descendants of Gongzi Zhu took their ancestral surname, forming the surname Zhu. There is another theory about the son's surname Zhu: after the fall of the Song Dynasty during the Warring States Period, the Song royal family fled to Dangshan (now part of Jiangsu) and changed their surname to Zhu.

Coming after Cao Jie of Zhu State

In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the enfeoffment system was implemented. King Wu of Zhou enfeoffed the clans with the same surname as princes in various places, and also enfeoffed some princes with different surnames. He first enfeoffed his younger brother Ji Shuzhen to the old land of the ancient Cao Kingdom (today's Dingtao, Shandong), and then found Cao Jie, a Miao descendant of the ancient Cao Kingdom, and moved him to Zhu Di (today's Zoucheng, Shandong) to establish the Zhu Kingdom. The Zhu State with the surname Cao was founded in the early Western Zhou Dynasty and perished at the end of the Warring States Period. In order to commemorate the subjugation of the country, his people took the surname Zhu one after another, and later changed it to Zhu.

From an ethnic minority

In 494 AD, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty led more than a million people from the Xianbei tribe to settle in the Central Plains and moved the capital to Luoyang. In order to strengthen the rule over the Han people in the Central Plains and implement Sinicization reforms, all ethnic groups in Daibei who entered Luo were ordered to change their surnames to Han surnames. He changed more than 140 surnames, among which the Kezuohun and Kezhuhun surnames were changed. Zhu. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Henan County (now Luoyang), one of the famous Zhu families, was formed by changing the surname of the Xianbei people.

In addition, some ethnic minorities have changed to use Han surnames due to the influence of Han culture, or have changed the pronunciation and meaning of their original surnames into the surname Zhu; some have accepted surnames given by emperors, and some have Those who changed their surname to Zhu to avoid disaster or other reasons, etc. Today, the Mongolian, Manchu, Hui, Korean and other ethnic groups all have the surname Zhu.

There are two birthplaces of the Zhu surname, namely today's Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu Province. Among them, the Zhu surname in Jiangsu Province later became the Zhu family in southern my country and the main source of the An ethnic group. Therefore, the Zhu surname is most popular in Wu County. The surname Zhu has actually been one of the popular surnames in southern my country throughout history, so many celebrities of the Zhu family have come from this area.

There were two important periods when the Zhu family reproduced and migrated, namely the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties and Guangming. Before the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the surname Lai had spread to major areas in the north such as Henan, Shandong, and Anhui. After that, due to the "Yongjia Rebellion", the Tu people from the Central Plains moved southward on a large scale, and Zhu's surname was no exception. The migration of the Zhu surname in the north to the south has made the Zhu surname in the south even bigger. The number of people also increased dramatically, so that by the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Zhu, Zhang, Gu and Lu became the four major surnames in Jiangnan in my country.

By the time of Zhu Xi in the Southern Song Dynasty, he was originally from Wuyuan, Anhui Province, and later moved to Fujian. His clan was known as the "Ziyang sect" and was scattered in Fujian, Guangdong and other places. Since Zhu Yuanzhang founded the Ming Dynasty, the Zhu family became the national surname and the clan became prosperous, so Haozhou was renamed Fengyang (the birthplace of Zhu Yuanzhang). Later, the clan members established "Fengyang" as their hall name.

The distribution and migration of the surname Zhu in history

During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the surname Zhu was widely distributed in the Central Plains and East China, especially in southern Jiangsu, forming a large clan named Zhu in Jiangnan. At the same time, they advanced from the Central Plains to Shaanxi in the northwest. By the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the footprints of the surname Zhu had reached Sichuan in the west and Fujian in the south. The surname Zhu already appeared in Guangdong during the Tang Dynasty. The Ming Dynasty was the heyday of the Zhu surname. Zhu Yuanzhang granted the same surname to the king and gave the country the surname Zhu. In this way, the surname Zhu rapidly developed throughout the country, especially the march to Yunnan and settlement in the early Ming Dynasty, which greatly benefited the surname Zhu in the southwestern region. development. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the surname Zhu entered Taiwan.

During the Song Dynasty (960-1279 AD), there were about 1.1 million people with the surname Zhu, accounting for about 1.4 of the country's population, ranking tenth. The province with the largest number of Zhu surnames is Jiangxi, accounting for approximately 15.8 of the total population of Zhu in the country and 2.2 of the total population of Jiangxi Province. The distribution in the country is mainly concentrated in Jiangxi, Henan (14.3), Jiangsu (10.4), and Zhejiang (10.2). The Zhu surname in these four provinces accounts for about 50% of the total population of the Zhu surname in the country; secondly, it is distributed in Sichuan (9.3), Anhui (7.6), and Hubei (7.4), there are 25 more people with the surname Zhu in these three provinces. There are two major Zhu surname gathering areas in the country: Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Henan, and Sichuan and Hubei.

During the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 AD), there were about 1.86 million people with the surname Zhu, accounting for about 2% of the country's population, ranking eleventh. In the Song, Yuan and Ming 600s, the net population growth rate of the whole country was 20%, and the population with the surname Zhu grew faster than the national population. The total increase rate of the population with the surname Zhu in 600 years was 69%, with a net increase of 760,000. During the Ming Dynasty, Zhejiang was the largest province with the Zhu surname, accounting for approximately 19.4 of the total population with the Zhu surname in the country and 2.4 of the total provincial population. The distribution in the country is mainly concentrated in Zhejiang, Jiangsu (18.3), and Jiangxi (13.7), accounting for approximately 51% of the total population with the surname Zhu in the country; followed by Gansu (9.5), Shandong (6), and Fujian (6), there are 22 more Zhu surnames in these three provinces. During the Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties, the general distribution pattern of the Zhu surname changed greatly. Its population mainly migrated from the north to the southeast and south, and also moved to the northwest and southwest. The Zhu surname in the southeast region has made great progress. The whole country has re-formed three areas where the population of the surname Zhu is concentrated: Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Gansu, Fujian, and Gansu.

The contemporary population with the surname Zhu has reached 15.12 million, making it the 14th most common surname in the country, accounting for approximately 1.26 of the country's population. In the 600 years since the Ming Dynasty, the population surnamed Zhu has increased from 1.86 million to 15.12 million, an increase of approximately 8 times. The average population of the Ming Dynasty was close to 93 million. The current population is 1.2 billion, a 13-fold increase. The growth rate of the population surnamed Zhu is much lower than the growth rate of the national population. This may be related to the fact that after the fall of the Ming Dynasty, the royal surname Zhu changed his surname because he was hunted down and fled the country, and the surname Zhu who was changed from other surnames was changed back to his original surname. The distribution in the country is currently mainly concentrated in the four provinces of Jiangsu (14.8), Guangdong (10.5), Zheting (9.8), and Henan (8.9), accounting for approximately 44% of the total population with the surname Zhu in the country; Secondly, they are distributed in Sichuan (6.1), Anhui (5.8), Hunan (5.1), and Shandong (4.6). The number of Zhu surnames in these four provinces is concentrated at 21. Jiangsu is the largest province with the surname Zhu, accounting for 3% of the total population of the province. High-density residential areas with the surname Zhu in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui have been formed across the country. During the past 600 years, the degree and direction of population flow with the surname Zhu were very different from those during the Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties. In particular, the return migration from the east to central and northern China was greater than the migration from north to southeast. At the same time, the migration to the southwest Immigration from the , south and northeast has become an important flow direction.

Distribution frequency of the contemporary Zhu surname

The areas with the highest population density per unit area of ??the Zhu surname are in southern Jiangsu, northern Zhejiang, and eastern Anhui. The population of the Zhu surname per square kilometer reaches 6. More than 4 people, and up to more than 11 people in some areas. The area with the highest density (more than 6.4 people/square kilometer) only accounts for 2.1 of the land area, with a population of about 1.61 million. The area with 3.2-6.4 people/square kilometer accounts for 7.4 of the land area. , the population surnamed Zhu is about 2.83 million; the area with 1.6-3.2 people/square kilometer accounts for 35.1% of the land area; the population surnamed Zhu is about 7.67 million; the area with less than 1.6 people/square kilometer accounts for 35.1% of the land area 55.4, the population of Zhu is about 3.01 million.

The surname Zhu is widely distributed, but unevenly. The surname Zhu is one of the most common surnames in the Yangtze River Delta in East China. In southern Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and southeast Anhui.

In the Pearl River Delta of Guangdong and Kunming of Yunnan, the proportion of the surname Zhu in the local population is generally more than 1.6, and in the Hangzhou-Jiahu-Hu area it is as high as 3, covering an area of ??4.5 of the total land area; in northern Jiangsu, northern Anhui, most of Jiangxi, In Fujian, most of Guangdong, most of Yunnan, and eastern and northwest Heilongjiang, the proportion of the local population surnamed Zhu is generally 1.2-1.6, and the coverage area accounts for 9.2% of the total land area; in areas east of Qinghai Lake In other regions and northwest Xinjiang, the proportion of Zhu surnamed in the local population is generally between 0.4 and 1.2, covering an area of ??52.8% of the total land area; in other regions, the proportion of Zhu surnamed in the local population is generally less than 0.4 , covering an area of ??33.5% of the total land area.

Blood type distribution characteristics

The total blood type distribution of people with the surname Zhu is: type O 4.97 million, accounting for 32.9; type A 4.37 million, accounting for 28.9; type B 4.44 million, accounting for 29.1; AB type 1.38 million, accounting for 9.1. The total population of people surnamed Zhu is 15.12 million.

Most of Jiangsu, most of Zhejiang, and southern Anhui are the areas with the highest population surname surnamed Zhu, accounting for about 3.3% of the land area. There are 2.2 million people surnamed Zhu, accounting for about 14.3% of the total population of surnamed Zhu. 6. Among them, 760,000 are type O, 660,000 are type A, 590,000 are type B, and 190,000 are type AB.

Other regions of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui, Hebei, Shandong and Henan, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan and Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong, central and northern Yunnan, northern Guizhou, Gannan, southeastern Qinghai, Ningxia, southern Shaanxi, Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang, and eastern Inner Mongolia, Occupying approximately 41.3% of the land area, there are 9.91 million people with the surname Zhu, accounting for approximately 65.5% of the total population with the surname Zhu. Among them, 3.25 million were type O, 2.87 million were type A, 2.89 million were type B, and 900,000 were type AB.

In other areas, accounting for approximately 31.1% of the land area, there are 3.01 million people with the surname Zhu, accounting for approximately 19.9% ??of the total population with the surname Zhu. Among them, 960,000 are type O, 840,000 are type A, 920,000 are type B, and 290,000 are type AB.