Luoyang peony festival
1. Peony-one of China's business cards. China has rich cultural connotations and profound cultural connotations, and flower culture is a wonderful flower of Chinese civilization. China has a vast territory and abundant resources, and there are countless kinds of flowers. Among many flowers, the peony, which has the reputation of "the king of flowers", is the best representative of China's meteorology. But in fact, peony was nameless at first. In materia medica, peony is called "peony" because its flowers are like peony and its stems are like wood. The Ming Dynasty Compendium of Materia Medica said that it was called "Peony" because its color was red, although its roots had seeds and seedlings. In the Song Dynasty, Zhou Dunyi's Love Lotus pushed peony to the extreme. Although Zhou Dunyi's favorite flower is lotus, he also has to admit that "since Li Tang, the world has loved peony", which shows that the wind of loving peony is prevalent in the world. Luoyang was one of the capitals in the Tang and Song Dynasties. Today, Luoyang has built a world-famous Peony Festival. So how did Luoyang become attached to peony?
2. Peony in Sui and Tang Dynasties became attached to Luoyang for the first time. It is said that it was the late Western Han Dynasty and the early Eastern Han Dynasty. At that time, Liu Xiu and Wang Mang fought. In order to avoid Wang Mang's pursuit, Liu Xiu hid under the peony flower and managed to escape. After establishing Luoyang as the capital, Liu Xiu was grateful for the merits of peony and transplanted it to Luoyang, so peony took root and sprouted in Luoyang. But this is just a story, and it doesn't seem very reliable.
Liu xiu
Sui and Tang dynasties are the peak of the development of Chinese civilization, and it is also a peak of development for peony. It is mentioned in The Seamount that in the era of Yang Di, Yang Di opened up a flower field of 200 miles in Fiona Fang in Luoyang, the capital of East China, and called it "Xiyuan" to invite people all over the world to offer flowers. Hebei Yizhou presented 20 boxes of peony, and peony entered the emperor's field of vision in this way. This Xiyuan is said to reach Mangshan in the north, yique in the south and Xin 'an in the west. Today, Peony Square and Xiyuan Park in Luoyang were built according to the legend of Xiyuan. However, the story of Haishan is a legendary novel in the Song Dynasty. No one can tell how many poplars are made up, but this story has a wide influence. Through this story, we can also know the reputation of Luoyang peony in Song Dynasty.
Guang Yang
The truly reliable history is that peony just entered Luoyang in the Tang Dynasty, especially in the Wu and Zhou Dynasties, when Wu Zetian moved the capital to Luoyang and Luoyang became the capital, and Wu Zetian herself liked peony, so the cultivation of peony became more prosperous in Luoyang. After the end of Wu Zhou Dynasty, Datang was still the capital of Chang 'an, but Luoyang was still one of the two capitals.
There is another version of the story of Wu Zetian and Peony. In the Song Dynasty, Gao Cheng said in Ji Yuan of the Funeral Affairs that during the period of Tang Gaozong, Wu Zetian went to the imperial garden to play, and all flowers were in full bloom, except the peony. In a rage, the marquis of Wu demoted all the peonies in Chang 'an to Luoyang, so that no one would pay attention to them even if they blossomed.
Wu Zetian stills
Liu Yuxi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was born in Luoyang in 772. He has always liked peonies. His four-line poem "Appreciating Peony" said: "There is no peony demon in front of the court, but the pool is full of lotus flowers. Only peony is the real national color, and capital moves when flowers bloom. " The writing time of this poem has yet to be determined. Some people think that it was written before Zhenyong's innovation, but it is generally believed that it was written during the Yamato period of Tang Wenzong (827-835). In any case, Liu Yuxi's political stance at these two points in time is relatively stable. Liu Yuxi was in Luoyang during the Daiwa period and was in a good mood, so he was used to enjoying flowers. The enchanting peony in the poem refers to eunuchs, and the lotus refers to hermits who are independent of the world. Liu Yuxi looked down on eunuchs and thought that hermits were too mean. Only peony is the color of the people of the whole country, decorating the world, serving the country and the people, and it is their best match.
Liu Yuxi
Bai Juyi was also born in 772, and Liu Yuxi was also called "Bai Liu". Bai Juyi also has a poem "Peony Square" with peony as the theme. The most famous sentence is "Twenty days in bloom, one city is crazy". Just like Liu Shi, white poems vividly show people's attachment to peony in the middle Tang Dynasty. However, Baishi pays more attention to criticism. He criticized the world's mentality of pursuing peony (elegance and vanity). Finally, the poem expresses his wish, "I wish to ask force of nature temporarily to reduce the enchanting color of peony.". I hope that scholars will pay attention to people's livelihood and reduce the pursuit of luxury. But this poem has revealed the elegant temperament of peony.
Bai Juyi, the legend of demon cat
3. Peony in Song Culture Song Dynasty was an era of anthomaniac. Needless to say, look at Ximen Qing's water margin loves flowers, and there are Liangshan heroes who kill people without blinking an eye. Cai Qing, Yan Qing, Yang Xiong and Ruan Xiaowu are all wearing flowers. Song people's love for flowers is hard to beat, and peony is the most dazzling of all flowers.
Simon Qing
When Ouyang Xiu was an official in Xijing, he went to collect poems in his spare time and found that the peony in Luoyang was really good. So he wrote the first monograph on peony in history, Luoyang Peony, with 27,000 words, describing the species, flower species and geographical environment of peony in great detail. The book thinks that Luoyang peony is the best in the world, and so is the so-called "Luoyang is the best in the world". Later, Ouyang Xiu also wrote a poem "The Peony Map of Luoyang", which still said that "the flower of Luoyang is the most suitable, and peony is very strange in the world". This poem has been widely sung by Luoyang people. It is conceivable that the peony in Luoyang, Xijing in the Northern Song Dynasty, together with the poetic praise of scholars, has become famous in China.
Qingpingle Ouyang Xiu
Su Zhe also said that Luoyang Peony was "the best in the world"; Shao Yong, who is famous for metaphysics and Neo-Confucianism, lamented in Song of Spring in Luoyang: Luoyang has a good geographical vein, and local people are used to exotic flowers and plants. Only when the peony is in bloom, "the city is full of joy", which fully highlights Luoyang people's love for peony. Don't Zhou Dunyi admit that the world has loved peonies since Li Tang! Guangpu in Ming Dynasty said: People in Song Dynasty regarded Luoyang Peony as the "crown of the world". In this way, Luoyang in Song Dynasty became the center of China peony.
Su Zhe
Fourthly, peony declined in Luoyang in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and novels flourished in Ming Dynasty. Feng Menglong has a novel of "Sanyan". In Awakening the World, Feng Menglong also recorded the story of peony falling from Wuhou, which was also interpreted as: Wuhou went to the garden in winter, and all flowers were blooming, just to win a smile from the hostess. Only Peony is ambitious and refuses to flatter the hostess and lucky officials. Without Ye Er, it would be extremely angry.
Fairy peony was banished to Luoyang because the peony couldn't bloom.
In the Qing Dynasty, Jinghuayuan added her own point of view when inheriting the above statement. In Wu Zetian's "Imperial edict to drive out flowers", Wu Zetian accused peony of being "the king of flowers, and should be released first according to the imperial edict. Now bloom has fallen, but it is the mistake of the Ming Dynasty ... to be exiled to Luoyang ". It can be seen from this passage that peony has been known as the "king of flowers" at least in the Qing Dynasty.
Due to the fall of Luoyang in the Southern Song Dynasty and the orthodox movement to the south, Luoyang Peony actually began to lag behind the south, and Pengzhou, Bozhou and Cao Zhou successively replaced Luoyang. In this way, Luoyang peony was eclipsed for a time.
Luoyang peony
Verb (verb's abbreviation) The revival of peony after the founding of New China; after the founding of New China, Luoyang peony was also reborn. With the support of the state, Luoyang municipal government and horticulturists introduced peony varieties from Cao Zhou and began to cultivate them again.
After the reform and opening up, China went to the world, and the planting of peony was moved by the spring breeze spread around the world and put on a new agenda. 1982, the Japanese delegation visited Luoyang. During the exchange, China was inspired by the Japanese Cherry Blossom Festival. In April of the following year, Luoyang government held the first Peony Festival in Wangcheng Park. Since then, the annual Luoyang Peony Festival has gradually become a national festival and was officially recognized by the state in 20 10.
After the protection of the local government and the support of the state, Luoyang finally reappeared the grand occasion of the city. By 20 19, according to statistics, the number of domestic and foreign tourists attending the Peony Fair has reached 30 million, and Luoyang Peony Fair has become a cultural card of China.