1. Osmanthus fragrans blooms from September to June, and the fruit matures from late March to late April of the following year. When the fruit enters maturity and the peel gradually changes from green to purple-black, it can be harvested. The collected fruits are piled and retted for about 3 days. After the peel becomes soft, wash it with water, remove the peel and pulp to get clean seeds, dry them a little, and moisten them with sand. Because osmanthus seeds have a post-ripening period, wet sofa buds usually take 8 months.
2. Seeding and seedling raising methods are commonly used. A large number of osmanthus seedlings can be obtained by sowing and seedling raising, which is suitable for street trees. Sowing is usually carried out in wide rows, with a row spacing of 20 to 25 cm and a width of 65,438+00 to 65,438+02 cm. Sow 20 Jin per mu, and there are 25,000 to 30,000 osmanthus seedlings per mu. Before sowing, the umbilical cord should be oriented to one side, covered with one or two centimeters of fine soil, covered with a thin layer of straw, and sprayed with water until the soil is soaked to prevent soil hardening and reduce water evaporation. After the seeds germinate, uncover the grass cover in time and put the grass between rows, which can not only keep the soil moist, but also prevent the weeds from growing. Seeding, layering, grafting and cutting propagation. When 65438+ 10 is sown in autumn in the same year or in spring in the next year, the initial flowering period of seedlings is late, so it is difficult to maintain the original characteristics of varieties. Layered propagation is used to propagate improved varieties. Grafting propagation is a common method. Ligustrum lucidum, Ligustrum lucidum, small wax, water wax, tassel and ash tree are used as rootstocks for grafting or cutting. Cutting propagation is mostly carried out from mid-June to late August. Transplanting is often carried out after flowering in autumn or spring, and it can also be transplanted in rainy season. Large seedlings need soil balls, and more base fertilizer should be applied to planting holes. Potted osmanthus can be placed in the courtyard sunshine in summer without shading, and it can be safely wintered indoors in winter. Pests and diseases include Fusarium wilt, dead branch disease, Osmanthus fragrans, citrus whitefly, grasshopper and so on.
1. Planting should be carried out in spring or autumn, especially in cloudy or rainy days. Choose a ventilated, well-drained, warm place with sufficient sunlight or semi-cloudy environment. To ensure the survival rate, it is necessary to pave the transplanted soil. Planting soil should be acidic and avoid alkaline soil. The pot soil of potted osmanthus fragrans is composed of 2 parts humus soil, 3 parts garden soil, 3 parts sandy soil and 2 parts decomposed cake fertilizer. Mix well, then put on the pot or change the pot, before germination in spring.
2. Light and temperature can be cultivated in the open field in the south of the Yellow River basin for overwintering. Potted plants should be moved indoors in winter, placed in a sunny place and fully exposed to direct sunlight. The room temperature should be above 5℃, but not more than 10℃. After germination in April of the following year, it is moved outdoors, first placed in the leeward and sunny place for maintenance, and then gradually moved to a ventilated sunny or semi-shady environment after the growth is stable, and then normal management is carried out. Insufficient light during the growth period affects flower bud differentiation.
3. Water and fertilize before planting, mix plant ash and organic fertilizer in the tree hole, and water 1 time after planting. Keep the soil moist before the introduction of new technology, and don't water it with chemical fertilizer. Generally, nitrogen fertilizer is applied 65,438+0 times in spring, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is applied 65,438+0 times in summer, which makes flowers flourish, and overwintering organic fertilizer is applied 65,438+0 times before winter, which is mainly composed of decomposed cake fertilizer and manure. Avoid thick fat, especially feces and urine. Osmanthus fragrans potted in winter in northern China should be put in a low-temperature greenhouse. Pay attention to ventilation and light transmission indoors, with little water. After leaving the house in April, the amount of water can be increased appropriately, and the amount of light fat water can be poured in the peak season, and the fat water can be slightly thicker in the flowering period.
4. Pruning depends on the tree, determine the big frame according to the tree posture, remove other tillers, too dense branches, long branches, cross branches and weak branches, and make ventilation and light transmission. The upper branches can be shortened by 1/3 to make the whole tree strong.
Planting Osmanthus fragrans 1 Frequently asked questions, why is Osmanthus fragrans not fragrant?
A: Osmanthus fragrans blooms all the year round but is not fragrant, because the fragrance of the variety itself is relatively weak. Among the common osmanthus varieties, Jingui is the strongest, followed by Yin Gui, Dangui and Sijigui. As an economic crop, it is rarely cultivated because of its sparse flowering and light aroma; As an ornamental potted plant, it is suitable for potted plants because of its beautiful tree shape and perennial flowering. Osmanthus fragrans are mostly clustered, with yellow and white flowers, sparse, elegant fragrance and long flowering period. Generally, except for severe winter and hot summer, flowers can bloom once every two months. The autumn fragrance is a little strong, and the rest are light. Its varieties are osmanthus fragrans with big leaves and osmanthus fragrans with small leaves. The laurel lacks light and phosphate fertilizer during its growth, which makes the flowers speak clearly. If the plants are put in a sunny and ventilated environment, topdressing once every 10 day, and appropriate application of phosphate fertilizer can enhance the fragrance of flowers to a certain extent, but it is still not as good as other varieties.
2. Why don't potted osmanthus flowers bloom?
A: First, the light is insufficient. Osmanthus fragrans likes light. When the light intensity is lower than 60℃, its growth and development will decline, the vegetative growth will become worse and the number of flowers will decrease. When the light is seriously insufficient, photosynthesis is weakened, nutrient accumulation is less, and it is impossible to bloom. So give enough light. The second is the lack of fertilizer. Osmanthus fragrans grows and blooms a lot and needs to consume a lot of nutrients. Poor soil or insufficient fertility will also affect the growth and flowering of plants. Therefore, nitrogen-based fertilizer 1~2 times should be applied during bolting, and phosphorus-based fertilizer should be applied 2~3 times from flower bud differentiation period (beginning at the end of May) to before flowering. Third, the basin soil is too wet. Osmanthus fragrans should not be too wet and waterlogged. Wet stains can cause rotten roots, lead to poor growth and no flowering, and even cause potted plants to die in serious cases. Watering should follow the principle of "no watering, no doing, thorough watering". After the heavy rain, the accumulated water in the basin should be removed in time, especially on sunny days after the rain, and the roots should be avoided. Fourth, the soil is alkaline. Osmanthus fragrans likes slightly acidic soil, and the suitable pH value is 5.5~6.5. Osmanthus fragrans growing in alkaline soil often does not grow well and affects flowering. The fifth is smoke pollution. Osmanthus fragrans is not resistant to smoke and pollution. After too much smoke or pollution, the leaves will become smaller and fall off easily, and there will be a phenomenon that only the leaves will grow without flowering. Sixth, it is not yet flowering age.
3. What is the edible health function of osmanthus fragrans?
A: osmanthus tea has a refreshing effect. Osmanthus fragrans is slightly scalded in boiling water, and then picked up and dried. Crushed with white sugar and sealed in a bottle to keep its color and fragrance. It can be used as a food spice. Mix sweet-scented osmanthus and pure lotus root starch with white sugar to make sweet-scented osmanthus lotus root starch, which is delicious and appetizing. Take the best dates and cook them with sugar. When the soup is almost finished, add osmanthus, that is, osmanthus jujube that strengthens the spleen and appetizes. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that osmanthus fragrans is warm and pungent, and can be taken orally by decocting, making tea or soaking in wine, which can resolve phlegm and dissipate blood stasis, and has certain curative effects on anorexia, excessive phlegm, cough and asthma, intestinal wind and blood dysentery, amenorrhea and abdominal pain. Guizhi, Guizhi and Guizhi can all be used as human medicine. Guizhi decoction is made of cassia twig, white peony root, ginger, jujube and licorice, and is specially used to treat exogenous wind-cold, fever and headache. Cinnamon root tastes sweet and slightly astringent.
4. How to thaw the frozen osmanthus?
A: Osmanthus fragrans is attacked by cold wave in early winter, which is easy to cause freezing injury. Due to severe dehydration of protoplasm, the concentration of intercellular fluid of the affected plants increased and the young leaves shrank. In this case, if you are eager to put the damaged potted plants in high temperature or direct sunlight, it will accelerate the death of osmanthus. The correct method should take measures of slow thawing to make cells gradually absorb water and return to normal. In this case, potted flowers can also be wrapped in waste newspapers with strong water absorption. Be careful not to damage the branches and leaves of potted plants when wrapping, and avoid direct sunlight. Let it stand for a day, so that the temperature of potted flowers will gradually increase. After this treatment, the frozen potted flowers can be revived.
5. How to make the plant type of osmanthus grow evenly?
A: First, when planting osmanthus, let the flowers and trees be planted in the middle of the pot. After watering, straighten the crooked plants to lay a good foundation for future cultivation. The second is reasonable pruning. When pruning, pay attention to the overall appearance of flowers and trees, pay attention to leaving buds, and try to make the terminal buds grow to the gap. Cut off the strong branches, cut off the useless weak branches, keep the blanks, and cut lightly. The third is to moderately tie potted flowers. There is a big gap in a certain direction, so dense branches can be tied to the gap by binding. The fourth is to turn over the basin frequently. For sweet-scented osmanthus that does not need pruning, it is often necessary to turn over the pot, let the gap open, let the sun shine, and induce new branches. Rotating basin, the sun always moves with the orbit all year round, so the illumination angle and intensity are always changing. When the flowerpot is fixed for a long time, one side of the plant can never get proper illumination. As time goes on, round potted plants grow differently because of uneven sunlight. Therefore, in the growing season, the flowerpot should be rotated 45 degrees every 10 day. When the flowerpot is rotated frequently, the plants will grow evenly in all angles and directions, the lateral branches around the trunk will be neat and consistent, and the leaves can receive sunlight in a balanced way. Therefore, the shape and posture of plants can be plump and beautiful, and the ornamental effect can be achieved from all angles, which can make the branches and leaves grow more stretched and beautiful.
6. Why do osmanthus flowers die easily at the turn of winter and spring?
A: It depends on the management method. In addition to supplying proper moisture and sufficient light, it is especially important not to fertilize osmanthus in winter, especially in a cold environment. Because sweet-scented osmanthus is easy to die in winter, not because the environment is not hot enough, but because the environment is not cold enough. The origin of osmanthus fragrans is not warm in winter. Osmanthus fragrans, which has adapted to this growing environment for thousands of years, overwinters in a warm place, and there is nothing unusual about the plants at first. On the contrary, it seems to forget the arrival of winter, with buds and branches, and looks like a thriving elephant. However, this situation will not last long, indoor light and temperature changes can not meet the growth as in summer, and the phenomenon of old leaves falling off, new shoots wilting and plant death begins to appear. In order to make osmanthus safely overwinter, it should be placed in an environment of 0-5℃ in winter and given sufficient sunshine; Don't topdress, lest the soil in the basin be too wet. After winter, you will find that the cultivated osmanthus not only survived unharmed, but also grew stronger than those who survived the winter in a high temperature environment. (1) intertillage weeding. Tree tray with trunk as the center and diameter of 1 m, with emphasis on loosening soil and weeding. After irrigation or rainfall, intertillage and loosen the soil to prevent the soil from hardening.
(2) Water and drainage. Osmanthus fragrans is mainly watered within one month after new planting and in the summer of the same year. Newly planted osmanthus fragrans must be watered and permeable, and the canopy of the plant should be sprayed with water conditionally to maintain a certain air humidity. Osmanthus fragrans is not tolerant to waterlogging, so timely drainage or transplanting waterlogged plants, combined with certain sand planting, can promote the growth of new roots.
(3) Rational fertilization. Fertilization should be based on the principle of thin fertilizer and diligent application, with quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer as the main fertilizer, and medium and large seedlings should be fertilized three or four times a year. In early spring, apply organic fertilizer to the tree tray to promote the growth of spring shoots. Inorganic fertilizer or garbage miscellaneous fertilizer should be applied in early winter. In the meantime, fertilization can be applied once or twice according to the growth of osmanthus fragrans. Newly transplanted osmanthus fragrans should not be topdressed too early. The base fertilizer of the transplanting pit should be mixed with soil before covering it.
(4) plastic trimming.
(1) Bud peeling: During germination, the useless buds at the lower part of the trunk are peeled off.
(2) Thinning branches: keep a certain branch height and cut off useless branches. Generally, the branch height of osmanthus fragrans is about 1.5 meters.
(3) Short-cutting: Cut off the top branches that are growing too vigorously, so as to keep the height of osmanthus fragrans at about 3.5 meters and the crown width at 2.5 to 3 meters.
Configuration function:
The configuration forms of osmanthus fragrans can be roughly divided into natural type and regular type. Natural configuration mainly imitates nature, emphasizes change, and has a lively and elegant natural atmosphere. There are methods such as single planting, cluster planting and group planting. Rules are arranged symmetrically or in rows based on a certain axis, emphasizing neatness and symmetry, giving people a sense of grandeur and solemnity, and there are planting and planting methods.
1, planted alone. Osmanthus fragrans has a beautiful shape and can be planted as a landscape alone. On the lawn of Linggu Temple in Nanjing, there is a osmanthus king, which looks like a giant umbrella. Against the backdrop of the surrounding osmanthus forest, it has a distinct personality and has the effect of "standing out from the crowd". There is also a lonely osmanthus in Guihua Square in Jiao Shan Scenic Area, Zhenjiang. The square is square, and the center of the square is piled up with pebbles into a big circle. The center of the circle is composed of four petals of osmanthus fragrans, and a beautiful flower bed is planted in the center of the flower bed. Overlooking the scenery, there is a circle in the square with flowers in it, which not only embodies the meaning of "full moon flowers, happiness and perfection", but also points out the theme of the square.
Planting osmanthus has been planted on both sides of the aisle since ancient times. Row planting mainly embodies the beauty of order and line of plants. Osmanthus fragrans with similar tree ages generally have similar tree shapes and are planted in straight lines or curves at equal distances, which is easy to achieve neat and consistent artistic effects. In gardens, osmanthus fragrans are generally cultivated as street trees, forest belts and watersides, or as tree walls and hedges. Trees such as osmanthus fragrans are cultivated on both sides of the road in Nanjing Linggu Temple, which makes the plant landscape on both sides of the road layered and unique. Outside the wall of Dinghui Temple in Jiaoshan, several osmanthus plants are planted in rows, with yellow walls and green tiles, rich colors and beautiful composition. Disease control:
Osmanthus fragrans brown spot, Osmanthus fragrans wilt and Osmanthus fragrans anthracnose are common leaf diseases, which can lead to premature defoliation of Osmanthus fragrans, weaken plant growth potential and reduce flower yield and ornamental value.
Brown spot of osmanthus fragrans
At the initial stage of the disease, there are yellow macules on the leaves, which gradually expand into a nearly round lesion with a diameter of 2 ~ 10mm, or become irregular lesions due to the expansion of the lesion restricted by the veins. The focus is yellowish brown to grayish brown with yellow halo around it. Brown spot disease generally occurs from April to 10, and older leaves are more susceptible to disease than younger leaves. The pathogen overwinters on the diseased leaves with mycelium, and conidia are produced in the following spring for primary infection, and the conidia are spread by airflow and raindrops.
Osmanthus wilt
The pathogen of the disease mostly invades from the leaf margin and tip, and occurs at the leaf margin and tip. At the initial stage of the disease, light brown spots are produced on the leaves, which gradually expand into round or irregular lesions, and then expand into nearly round or irregular taupe spots with dark brown edges. Fusarium wilt occurred from July to 165438+ 10, which can occur all year round in the greenhouse with poor environmental conditions. Pathogens are spread and infected by conidia through wind and water. High temperature, high humidity and poor ventilation are conducive to the onset. Old leaves and leaves at the lower part of the plant are seriously ill when the plant grows weak and overwinters.
Anthracnose of osmanthus fragrans
This disease infects the leaves of osmanthus fragrans. At the early stage of the disease, small chlorosis spots appeared on the leaves, which gradually expanded to form round, semi-circular or oval lesions. The lesion is light brown to grayish white with reddish-brown ring at the edge. Under wet conditions, pink myxospore discs appear on the lesion. Anthrax occurs from April to June. Pathogenic bacteria overwinter in the diseased leaves of maple trees and spread through wind and rain.
Preventive and control measures
First of all, reduce the source of infection. Thoroughly remove diseased leaves in autumn. Potted sweet-scented osmanthus should remove the diseased leaves in time.
Secondly, strengthen cultivation management. Choose fertile and well-drained soil or substrate to plant osmanthus fragrans; Increase the application of organic fertilizer and potassium fertilizer; Planting density should be suitable for ventilation and light transmission, reduce leaf humidity and reduce diseases.
Scientific use of chemicals for prevention and control. At the initial stage of the disease, the Bordeaux mixture can be sprayed at a ratio of 1: 2: 200, and then 50% carbendazim wettable powder at a ratio of 1000 or 50% benomyl wettable powder at a ratio of 1000 to 1500 can be sprayed. Seedlings in seriously ill areas should be soaked and disinfected with 1000 times potassium permanganate solution when they leave the nursery.
Pest control:
The main pests of osmanthus cultivated at home are mites, commonly known as red spiders. Once the disease is found, it should be treated immediately, and it can be sprayed on the leaves with acaricide, acaricide and triazole. Spray evenly on both sides of the blade. Once a week, 2-3 times in a row, it can be cured.