Zhang was born in Liuqu Village, Haotan Township, Dingbian County, Shaanxi Province on September 18, the thirty-fourth year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty. Zhang studied as a teenager, joined the army as an adult, and worked as a fast catcher and border guard. Because of breaking the law, the general Chen Hongfan looked at his appearance, pleaded with the company commander Wang Wei, and hit a hundred sticks to remove his name. Since then, he has lived in the countryside. In the third year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1630), Zhang actively responded to the anti-Ming call in Mizhi Uprising, calling himself the Eight Kings and the Eight Kings of Xiying. The following year, he joined the Coalition forces for Wang's own use and was one of the 36 battalions. He was brave and good at fighting, and soon became the main leader of the 36 th Battalion, and he was famous for being good at fighting eight kings. After Wang Jiayin's death, he joined forces with Li Zicheng and others, claiming to be the king, with Zhang and Li Zicheng as pioneers. In the eighth year of Chongzhen (1635), he attended Xingyang Conference, determined to make progress, and loyal to Gao Yingxiang and others to attack the East. Soon, Zhang and Li Zicheng began to split up because of some trivial matters. Zhang Lingbing attacked the Yangtze River basin and Li Zicheng attacked the Yellow River basin. Ten years (1637), Zuo Liangyu, the company commander of the Ming army, attacked, and Zhang Uprising troops suffered serious losses. I was also injured and politically shaken. In the first month of the following year, Zhang led the rebels to Gucheng (now Gucheng County, Hubei Province) and was awarded a lieutenant by the court. Resident Wang Jiahe, renamed Taiping Town, to show a truce. Zhang was called up, neither demobilizing the insurgents as originally scheduled, nor taking part in fighting with the insurgents in Li Zicheng, but guarding one place, strengthening military training and maintaining autonomy. In the twelfth year of Chongzhen (1639), Zhang was dissatisfied with the endless demands for bribes, extortion, difficulties and distrust of corrupt officials in the imperial court, and was influenced by Li Zicheng. On the ninth day of May, the effective tactics of "avoiding reality and playing the virtual" and "shouting at the enemy" were adopted, and the banner of resisting Ming was re-played. In order to defeat the enemy and move to Sichuan, the Ming army was exhausted. In fourteen years, the Ming army was defeated in Huangling City, Kaixian County, drove out of Sichuan, broke Xiangyang, killed Wang Xiang and Zhu Yiming, and invaded Gwangju and other places. Yang Sichang, the inspector of Ming Dynasty, committed suicide for fear of sin. 16 years, according to Wuchang, it was called Daxi King. Soon, Kesha Rose Sebert announced that he would waive money and food for three years, and his followers became more and more. In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), Chengdu was attacked on August 9, and Chengdu Governor Long, Zhu Zhishu and his concubines all committed suicide, and other officials became prisoners. The insurgents entered Chengdu, claiming to be 600,000 troops, and soon took control of the counties in most parts of Sichuan. In Chengdu, Zhang Xian claimed to be the King of Qin, and later announced the establishment of Daxi, renamed Dashun. After establishing and perfecting the system, he became emperor, taking Chengdu as Xijing, and ascended the throne in August 16. That winter, in desperation, unprecedented burning and destruction was carried out in Sichuan; Killing intellectuals in Qingyang Palace, trapping Chengdu residents in Zhongyuan Garden, killing 980,000 guards, sending four generals to slaughter cities and counties, throwing hundreds of millions of treasures into Jinjiang, and finally releasing water, claiming that "there is a man who does nothing" is extremely cruel and abnormal. After three years of Qing Shunzhi (1 646 65438+February1), the situation became more and more tense, but Zhang was pretentious and did not agree. 10 year 10 On October 20th, Zhang was killed when his troops reached the slope of Fenghuang Mountain at the junction of Chongxian County and Yanting County in northwest Sichuan.