In Babylonia in the17th century BC, Nineveh's "code of hammurabi" recorded the provisions of eye surgery, which showed that at that time or earlier, people had already performed surgery in the civilization of the two river basins, which was the earliest recorded surgery in human civilization. There is a record of circumcision on a doorpost of the Gukup Temple in Egypt. In addition, Erbers papyrus and Edwin Smith papyrus are also recorded in Anatomy and Surgery. [Editor] In ancient India in the 6th century BC, the famous doctor Sushruta recorded eight surgical methods in the medical book Sushruta Samhita. [Editor] Hua Tuo, a famous doctor from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms period, was the earliest surgical operation recognized by ancient Chinese medicine. In the third century AD, he practiced medicine in Wei and Shu countries, and invented many surgical operations such as "scraping bones to heal wounds" and "cutting abdomen and clearing intestines", which were recorded in the Records of the Three Kingdoms and the Book of the Later Han Dynasty. In addition, Biography of Historical Records of Bian Que mentioned that there was a surgeon named Qing Yu in the period of the Yellow Emperor. He said, "When the five internal organs are missing, we should peel and remove tendons, strengthen tendons, stretch the marrow and strengthen the brain, claw the curtain, rinse the stomach and wash the five internal organs." [Editor] From the medieval Islamic civilization10th century to10th century, Abu Al-Qasim Khalafibn Al-Abbas Al-Zahrawi (Arabic), a famous Arab doctor, practiced medicine in Có rdoba, Spain. He combined Islamic medicine with the religious plans of Rome and India, developed the rudiment of modern surgery and deeply influenced modern medicine, so he was called. [Editor] Medieval European civilization13rd century, some European towns developed medical universities for medical needs. It was not until the15th century that surgery became an independent medical specialty. If the official start of scientific research laboratory began in modern times, it is the basic type of animal experiment.