Question 1: What are the types of sculptures and what are their characteristics? According to the materials used, sculptures can be divided into wood carvings, stone carvings, ivory carvings, bone carvings, lacquer carvings, shell carvings, root carvings, ice carvings, clay sculptures, dough sculptures, ceramic sculptures, plaster statues, etc.

There are three basic forms of sculpture: round sculpture, Relief and openwork

Round sculpture

Round sculpture

The so-called round sculpture refers to a three-dimensional sculpture that is non-compressed and can be appreciated in multiple directions and angles. Techniques and forms are also diverse, including realistic and decorative, concrete and abstract, indoor and outdoor, shelf and large city sculptures, colored and non-colored, etc.; sculpture content and subject matter They are also rich and colorful, and can be characters, animals, or even still lifes; the materials are even more colorful, including stone, wood, metal, clay sculptures, textiles, paper, plants, rubber, etc. As one of the modeling techniques of sculpture, round sculpture has a wide range of applications and is also the most common sculpture form among ordinary people.

Relief

The so-called relief is the product of the combination of sculpture and painting. It uses compression to process objects, relies on factors such as perspective to express three-dimensional space, and can only be viewed from one or two sides. Reliefs are generally attached to another plane, so they are used more in architecture and can often be seen on utensils. Due to its compression characteristics, it takes up less space, so it is suitable for decoration in a variety of environments. In recent years, it has occupied an increasingly important position in urban beautification. Reliefs are as colorful as round sculptures in content, form and material. It mainly has several forms such as shrine type, high relief, low relief, line carving, and hollow type. Grotto sculptures in ancient my country can be classified as shrine sculptures. According to different modeling techniques, they can be divided into realistic, decorative and abstract. High relief sculpture refers to a form with small compression, large undulations, close to round sculptures, or even semi-circular sculptures. This kind of relief has a strong contrast between light and dark, and the visual effect is outstanding. The bas-relief has large compression and small fluctuations. It not only maintains an architectural planarity, but also has a certain sense of volume and fluctuation. Line carving is a combination of painting and sculpture. It relies on Light and shadow are produced, and light is used as a substitute for writing, and there are even some subtle undulations, giving people an elegant and subtle feeling

Openwork

Openwork

The relief without the bottom plate is It is called openwork carving (hollow carving). The so-called bottom plate of the relief is removed to create a variety of negative space, and the contour lines of the negative space and the positive space have a rhythm of mutual conversion. This technique was often used on door, window and railing furniture, and some can be viewed from both sides.

In addition to the above two forms, sculptures can be roughly divided into five types according to their functions: commemorative sculptures, thematic sculptures, decorative sculptures, functional sculptures and display sculptures.

Question 2: What kinds of bats are carved on the carving - blessing; cicada - Zen machine; catfish - abundant every year; toad - attracting wealth; fish - gold and jade (fish) filling the house; sheep - good luck; gourd - Fortune, Bamboo - promotion; Buddha's hand - good fortune and longevity; Green lotus - incorruptibility; Lychee - good fortune; Peach - longevity; Pomegranate - many children and grandchildren; Cabbage - innocent heirloom; Bagua - the power of nature; Tai Chi - Harmony of yin and yang; The word longevity - immortality; The word happiness - auspiciousness; Shoes - (Hymonic) Everything goes well. Fish jumps over the dragon's gate - The fish jumps upstream in the rapid water. Seeing the dragon's gate close at hand, it is said that "if you pass the test, you will be worth a hundred times." Immediately grant the title of Marquis - the little monkey is sitting on the horse, looking as if he is proud, indicating that "the general will enter the prime minister" is not far away. Blessings come before your eyes - a bat holding a copper coin in its mouth means "good things come first"; joy - badgers, pigs and magpies shaped like little bears mean happiness and constant laughter. Happy with brows - a magpie stands on a plum blossom branch, describing how happy it is. Prosperity will last forever - hibiscus, sweet-scented osmanthus, evergreen and eternal red will never end. Peace and peace - the vase and the quail, all the big things at home will turn into small things, and the small things will disappear. Peaceful year after year - There are a few ears of rice in the vase, and there are quails standing next to it, saying that every day is a good day, and every year has its present. Year after year of good fortune - Lotus flowers and lotus leaves carved on jade pieces bring about success, success in matters and affairs, and great satisfaction. There is more than one year after another - there is water and fish under the lotus leaves, and it is difficult not to be rich. Taishi Shaoshi - big lion and little lion, come to symbolize the official names in ancient times, hoping that the son will become a dragon and the daughter will become a phoenix. The two immortals of Hehe - two children holding lotus in one hand and a box in the other. Hehe has the same pronunciation as Hehe, wishing families and couples to live in harmony 1. Blessings to the soul: bat, longevity peach, Ganoderma lucidum. The peach is for longevity and its shape is like a heart. It borrows the word "spirit" from Ganoderma lucidum, which means that the arrival of happiness will make people smarter. 2. Crane Deer Rejuvenate: Crane Deer and Pine Trees. The ancients called deer a fairy beast. In mythology, there is a longevity star riding a sika deer. Deer is a homophone for Lu and Lu, and crane is a homophone for He. Therefore, it means Liuhe and spring (Liuhe refers to heaven and earth, east, west, north, and south), and also means wealth and longevity. said. 3. Two Dragons Playing with Pearls: Two cloud dragons and a fire bead. There is a saying in "Tongya" that the dragon ball is in the jaw. The dragon ball is considered to be a kind of orb that can ward off water and fire. There are two dragons playing with pearls, there are also groups of dragons playing with pearls, and there are also cloud dragons holding longevity balls, which all express good luck and peace and wish peace and longevity. 4. Liuyun Baifu: cloud patterns, bats. It can be seen on jade plaques and also on snuff bottles in the late Qing Dynasty. The shape of the cloud pattern is like wishful thinking, indicating continuous continuity. Liuyun Baifu means endless blessings. 5. Changes of ichthyosaurs: There is a cloud dragon in the sky, a carp in the water; a dragon with a fish body and a carp climbing over the dragon gate.

In ancient legends, there is a story about carps jumping over the Dragon Gate. Any carp that can jump over the Dragon Gate can transform into a dragon; those that cannot jump over the Dragon Gate have their foreheads pointed and return. Therefore, many carps in the Yellow River have red foreheads, which are those who have not jumped over the Dragon Gate. fish. The fish leaping over the dragon gate means that the blue clouds have found their way, which means changes and soaring. 6． Good fortune and longevity: bat, longevity peach, water chestnut and plum blossom. 7． Songs and cranes prolong life: cranes and pine trees. "Zi Shuo": Pine trees are as long as hundreds of trees. "Notes? Ritual Vessels": The determination of pines and cypresses persists throughout the four seasons without changing Ke Yiye. Pine, in addition to symbolizing longevity, also serves as a symbol of ambition and integrity. Therefore, the pine and crane prolong life not only prolong life, but also have the meaning of noble moral integrity. 8. Joy on the brows: two magpies standing on the branches of plum blossoms. The ancients believed that magpies can bring good news, so they were called magpies. Two magpies mean double happiness. Mei and eyebrow have the same pronunciation, and magpies climbing on the branches of plum blossoms mean happiness on the eyebrows, double happiness coming to the door, and good news of spring. Also, if the pattern is a magpie and a leopard, it is called an annunciation picture. There are round carvings and jade plaques from the Qing Dynasty. The pattern is a spider hanging on a spider web, which is called Xi Cong Tian. Due to Chinese folk custom, spiders are called spiders. Mostly used on jade signs. The pattern of a badger and a magpie is called Happy Land, and is seen in round sculptures of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Two badgers playing with each other is called a happy picture, a round sculpture in the Ming and Qing Dynasties; two boys smiling at each other are called...>>

Question 3: What types of sculptures are divided according to their forms of expression? ..Sculpture is a big concept. Sculpture is an art form that uses material materials that can be carved and shaped to create a physical image to express thoughts and feelings.

The types of sculpture can be divided from different angles. In terms of production technology, sculptures can be divided into sculptures and sculptures. Such as stone carvings, wood carvings, jade carvings, etc. Sculpture is connected and formed into the required shape with adhesive materials, such as clay sculptures, pottery sculptures, etc. In terms of subject matter, sculptures can be divided into commemorative sculptures, architectural decorative sculptures, urban garden sculptures, religious sculptures, mausoleum sculptures, and display sculptures. In terms of expression form, sculptures can be divided into round sculptures and relief sculptures. The round sculpture is a three-dimensional sculpture that is not attached to any background and can be viewed from all directions. Relief is a raised artistic image carved on a flat surface.

Question 4: What are the types of sculptures? If it is a sculpture category: stone carvings, wood carvings, jade carvings, ivory carvings (including bone carvings). . Etc.

Question 5: What are the classifications of sculpture? The general term for the three creation methods of carving, engraving and molding is referred to as sculpture.

According to the material, it can be divided into: ivory carving, jade carving, wood carving, stone carving, clay carving, face carving, bamboo carving, bone carving, inkstone carving, etc.

According to the carving technology, it can be divided into : Round carvings, relief carvings, sunken carvings, shadow carvings, etc.

Divided by use:

Appreciating, hanging and collecting stone craft jewelry and stone carvings.

Grottoes and cliff carvings.

Cemetery stone sculptures.

Palace, mansion and garden stone sculptures.

Stone carvings in temples, temples and altars.

Stone bridge stone sculpture.

Stone towers and archway stone carvings.

Tower architectural stone carvings. Such as various stone towers.

Stone carvings with inscriptions and inscriptions. Such as various monuments, tombstones, etc.

Stone sculptures of people and animals. Such as celebrity statues, Buddha statues, stone lions, etc.

Stone carvings for daily life craft supplies. Such as tables, chairs, stools, coffee tables, lamps, inkstones, etc.

Modern urban gardens and commemorative stone sculptures. Such as large urban sculptures, garden sculptures and commemorative sculptures, etc.

Question 6: What kinds of bats are found in ancient carving patterns - blessing; cicada - Zen machine;

Catfish - more than a year; toad - attracting wealth;

< p> Fish - the house is filled with gold and jade (fish); Sheep - good luck;

Gourd - good fortune, Bamboo knot - rising steadily;

Buddha's hand - good fortune and longevity; Green lotus - clean and honest; < /p>

Lychee - good fortune; peach - longevity;

Pomegranate - many children and grandchildren; cabbage - innocent heirloom;

Bagua - the power of nature; Tai Chi - harmony of yin and yang;

The word longevity - immortality; the word happiness - good fortune;

Shoes - (harmonic) everything goes well

Fish leaping over the dragon's gate - rapid The fish in the current flow upstream, seeing the Dragon Gate close at hand, saying that "if you pass the test, your worth will be a hundred times greater."

Immediately be granted the title of Marquis - the little monkey is sitting on the horse, looking as if he is proud, indicating that "the general will enter the prime minister" is not far away.

Good fortune comes before your eyes - a bat holding a copper coin in its mouth means "good things come first"

Joy - badgers, pigs and magpies shaped like little bears signify happiness and constant laughter .

Brows full of joy - a magpie stands on a plum blossom branch, describing how happy it is.

Prosperity will last forever - hibiscus, sweet-scented osmanthus, evergreen and eternal red.

Peace and peace - the vase and the quail, all the big things at home will turn into small things, and the small things will disappear.

Peaceful year after year - There are a few ears of rice in the vase and a quail standing next to it, which means that every day is a good day and every year has its present.

May your wishes come true year after year - lotus flowers and lotus leaves are carved on the jade piece, which brings success, success, and peace of mind.

Prosperous year after year - there is water and fish under the lotus leaves, it is not easy to be rich.

Taishi Shaoshi - big lion and little lion, come to symbolize the official names in ancient times, hoping that the son will become a dragon and the daughter will become a phoenix.

The two immortals of Hehe - two children holding lotus in one hand and a box in the other. Hehe has the same pronunciation, wishing families and couples to live in harmony

1. Blessings to the soul: bat, longevity peach, Ganoderma lucidum. The peach is for longevity and its shape is like a heart. It borrows the word "spirit" from Ganoderma lucidum, which means that the arrival of happiness will make people smarter.

2. Crane Deer Rejuvenate: Crane Deer and Pine Trees. The ancients called deer a fairy beast. In mythology, there is a longevity star riding a sika deer. Deer is a homophone for Lu and Lu, and crane is a homophone for He. Therefore, it means Liuhe and spring (Liuhe refers to heaven and earth, east, west, north, and south), and also means wealth and longevity. said.

3. Two Dragons Playing with Pearls: Two cloud dragons and a fire bead. There is a saying in "Tongya" that the dragon ball is in the jaw. The dragon ball is considered to be a kind of orb that can ward off water and fire. There are two dragons playing with pearls, there are also groups of dragons playing with pearls, and there are also cloud dragons holding longevity balls, which all express good luck and peace and wish peace and longevity.

4. Liuyun Baifu: cloud patterns, bats. It can be seen on jade plaques and also on snuff bottles in the late Qing Dynasty. The shape of the cloud pattern is like wishful thinking, indicating continuous continuity. Liuyun Baifu means endless blessings.

5. Changes of ichthyosaurs: There is a cloud dragon in the sky, a carp in the water; a dragon with a fish body and a carp climbing over the dragon gate. In ancient legends, there is a story about carps jumping over the Dragon Gate. Any carp that can jump over the Dragon Gate can transform into a dragon; those that cannot jump over the Dragon Gate have their foreheads pointed and return. Therefore, many carps in the Yellow River have red foreheads, which are those who have not jumped over the Dragon Gate. fish. The fish leaping over the dragon gate means that the blue clouds have found their way, which means changes and soaring.

6. Good fortune and longevity: bat, longevity peach, water chestnut and plum blossom.

7. Songs and cranes prolong life: cranes and pine trees. "Zi Shuo": Pine trees are as long as hundreds of trees. "Notes? Ritual Vessels": The determination of pines and cypresses persists throughout the four seasons without changing Ke Yiye. Pine, in addition to symbolizing longevity, also serves as a symbol of ambition and integrity. Therefore, the pine and crane prolong life not only prolong life, but also have the meaning of noble moral integrity.

8. Joy on the brows: two magpies standing on the branches of plum blossoms. The ancients believed that magpies can bring good news, so they were called magpies. Two magpies mean double happiness. Mei and eyebrow have the same pronunciation, and magpies climbing on the branches of plum blossoms mean happiness on the eyebrows, double happiness coming to the door, and good news of spring. Also, if the pattern is a magpie and a leopard, it is called an annunciation picture. There are round carvings and jade plaques from the Qing Dynasty. The pattern is a spider hanging on a spider web, which is called Xi Cong Tian. Due to Chinese folk custom, spiders are called spiders. Mostly used on jade signs. The pattern of a badger and a magpie is called Happy Land, and is seen in round sculptures of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Two badgers playing with each other is called a happy picture, a round sculpture in the Ming and Qing Dynasties; two boys smiling at each other are called... >>

Question 7: What types of engraving machines are there, and what are the engraving machines? Explanation of machine characteristics and engraving machine applications

At present, engraving machines can be roughly divided into two categories in terms of engraving methods: mechanical engraving machines and special engraving machines

Mechanical engraving machines (also called CNC engraving machines) Engraving machine, CNC engraving machine, etc.), this type of engraving machine mainly relies on the high-speed rotation of the spindle motor to drive the tool to process the material.

According to different processing objects and uses, they can be divided into woodworking engraving machines, stone engraving machines, advertising engraving machines, metal engraving machines, mold engraving machines and Styrofoam engraving machines. On this basis, they are derived There are single-head, multi-head and independent engraving machines.

Woodworking engraving machine: This type of engraving machine has the most types. According to its function, it can be divided into woodworking processing center with automatic tool change function and multi-process engraving machine. Four-axis three-dimensional engraving machine with three-dimensional engraving function. As well as single-head, multiple independent heads, and multi-trailer head engraving machines derived from ordinary woodworking engraving machines, they generally use XY axes with rack drive and Z-axis with screw drive. A few woodworking engraving machines use full screw drive. As the name suggests, the main processing object of the engraving machine is wood. It mainly processes: cutting, hollowing out, lace-making, relief engraving and other processing of boards.

Advertising engraving machine: The standard model is usually screw drive. Very few engraving machines of this type use rack drive. The main reason is that the hardness of the processed materials is relatively small, and the accuracy of the screw drive is poor. It is relatively high and can be used to engrave some smaller products such as nameplates with fine details. The main processing includes: cutting of text signs and 2D and 3D engraving of various signs.

Stone engraving machines: Most of them adopt rack transmission. The difference from other engraving machines is that the bed generally adopts a trapezoidal bed design with a lower center of gravity. Solid parts such as gantry are all steel designed, and the drive The power of the motor and the spindle motor are relatively large, and they are mainly used for processing: engraving and engraving reliefs on tombstones, running lines and carving reliefs on decorative stones, etc.

Styrofoam engraving machine: This type of engraving machine is generally large in size, and the Z-axis stroke is much larger than other engraving machines. The main processing includes: three-dimensional engraving of large non-metallic molds and large curved surfaces. Roughing and finishing.

Special engraving machine, the processing of this type of engraving machine does not rely on the spindle to drive the tool but uses other forms instead. There are mainly the following categories, laser engraving machine, CNC plasma cutting machine, water jet, etc.

Laser engraving machine: relies on the laser emitted by the laser tube to process materials. It is mainly used in the leather and clothing processing industries and the advertising industry. It can engrave complex text and graphics on genuine leather, synthetic leather, artificial leather, and cloth. Cutting, carving, hollowing, computer embroidery cutting and other process processing.

CNC plasma cutting machine: uses plasma as a heat source for cutting, mainly used for cutting steel plates.

Water jet: Using ultra-high pressure technology, ordinary tap water can be pressurized to a certain pressure and abrasives added to it, and then ejected through a small diameter nozzle to form a water arrow to process the material. Mainly used for cutting steel, ceramics, glass, stone and other hard materials.

Strictly speaking, the latter two are not engraving machines, but their movement principles are exactly the same as those of engraving machines, only the cutting methods are different.

At present, there are panel furniture production lines with a high degree of automation, as well as CNC drill rows, etc.

Question 8: What are the common carving techniques in cultural toys? What are the common carving methods? Whether it is wood or stone in literary toys, they are inseparable from carving. If wood and stone are gifts given by nature to us humans, then carving is a kind of technical beauty that we create for ourselves. The so-called good materials combined with good workmanship, a piece of good materials coupled with exquisite carvings, can definitely be said to be a precious treasure. So what are the common carving methods in literary games?

1. Intaglio engraving, which can also be called intaglio engraving or sunken engraving, is a method of concave engraving. For example, this method is used to engrave text on our common seals. It is quite common and widely used.

2. Relief, which can also be called sun carving, is the result of the combination of sculpture and painting, which allows the sculptured image to appear on the surface of the material. It relies on factors such as perspective to create a three-dimensional effect, usually providing a side effect. Watch.

Third, round sculpture, also known as three-dimensional sculpture, is a 360-degree all-round carving that can be observed from various viewpoints and has a three-dimensional sense of space art.

Fourth, openwork carving, which can also be called hollow carving, means retaining outstanding patterns and hollowing out the interior on the basis of relief carving, making the whole work more beautiful and more flexible. It has visual impact and can also show high carving skills.

Fifth, double-sided openwork carving is actually a type of openwork carving. Even if the patterns on both sides are the same or different, both the front and back can be carved. It looks beautiful and changeable, and requires clever creative ideas.

Sixth, through carving, which is developed from relief and openwork, can be hollowed out and carved at multiple levels, overlapping and diversifying, thus making the work more gorgeous and pleasing to the eye.

Question 9: What types of engraving knives are there? Tools are the most direct assistants and companions for a sculptor in his creation. In the wood carving process, the carving knife and its auxiliary tools play a very important role. As the saying goes: "There is nothing more ingenious than a good family" and "three-thirds of craftsmanship and seven-tenths of good family". You can tell how good a person is by just looking at his tools, and the maintenance and decoration of the tools can also prove the quality of the worker. In the creation of wood carvings, having all the tools and being able to sharpen and use them can not only improve work efficiency, but also give full play to one's own skills in modeling, making the chiseling free and easy, clear and smooth, and increasing the artistic expression of the work. China Sword Network Sword Making Knife Engraving Knife Sword Japanese Army Knife Handmade Knife Handmade Knife Making Famous Knife Making Knife Types Military Thorn Making

There are many types of engraving knives, which are basically divided into two categories. One type is the "weng tube-shaped" blank knife, commonly known as "cutting the wasteland" and "blank knife", and the other type is the "drill bar-shaped" smoothing knife, which is mainly used for digging thin blanks and trimming. The widest chisel is 4-6 centimeters, and the narrowest chisel is only the tip of a needle. When beginners choose knives, they must first understand their respective uses, and then go to the place of production, manufacturer or blacksmith shop to customize them. The blank knives are preferably produced in Dongyang, Zhejiang, Yueqing, Wenzhou, and Guangfu, Suzhou. Suitable wood carving tools can also be purchased in art material stores in some places. If it is inconvenient or unavailable to buy, you can learn to make it yourself. The advantage of making it yourself is that you can choose the type, size and shape of the knife by yourself. You can buy handy tools at any time according to different uses and needs. However, homemade tools are limited to "drill strips" for trimming. Some people have also tried to use steel plate files to make blank knives. For example, the blank knives and trimming knives used in Fujian are made directly from iron or steel bars. Because the top of the iron handle is square, it is easy to make the blank without installing a wooden handle. The types and uses of wood carving knives and their production methods will be introduced one by one below.

Round knife: The blade is arc-shaped and is mostly used for circles and circular indentations. It is also very useful in carving traditional flowers, such as the round surfaces of leaves, petals and flower branches. Use a round knife to conform the shape. The horizontal movement of the round knife is less labor-intensive and can adapt to large fluctuations and small changes. Moreover, the round knife has uncertain lines, making it flexible to use and easy to explore. According to different uses, the models of round knives should be different, and the size range is basically between 5 cm and 0.5 cm.

When making round sculptures of figures, the two corners of the knife edge must be ground off and formed into an arc shape. Otherwise, when carving clothing patterns or other dents, not only will the work not be pushed, but both sides of the dent path will be damaged. If you are doing relief carving, you should keep the two corners of the knife edge and use the function of the corner tip to carve the corners of the ground, so you need to equip two types. There are two types of round knives: the one with the bevel in the groove and the straight back is the straight round knife. It eats deeper into the wood and is most suitable for round carvings, especially in the stages of blanking and excavation. The bevel is on the back of the knife, and the straight one in the groove is a reverse round knife. It can eat wood deeper and can move the knife gently or pick the ground. It is more useful in relief. The shape of the round knife can also be made into an iron rod curved shape according to needs, so that it can be extended into deeper parts to dig carving holes.

Flat knife: The blade is straight, mainly used to chop and smooth out the unevenness of the wood surface to make it smooth and traceless. Larger models can also be used to chisel large pieces, which have a blocky feel and are used properly, such as the brushstroke effect of painting, which looks strong, powerful, vivid and natural. The sharp angle of the flat knife can carve lines, and when the two knives intersect, they can remove the blade or engrave patterns. Woodcarving figures in Sweden and the Soviet Union mostly use flat knives, which have a strong woody flavor.

Oblique knife: The blade has an oblique angle of about 45 degrees. It is mainly used for trimming the joint corners and hollow slits of the work. If you are carving the corners of a character's eyes, an oblique knife is more useful. The cutting knife is divided into forehand and backhand slants to suit various directions. When carving strands of hair into boxwood carvings in Shanghai, an oblique knife is usually used, and the knife is pinched and twisted. The effect of carving hair is more vivid and natural than using a triangular knife.

Yuwan knife: commonly known as "monk's head" and "butterfly chisel", the blade is arc-shaped. It is a kind of polishing knife between a round knife and a flat knife. It is divided into arc and Two types of oblique arcs. When the flat knife and round knife cannot be used, they can be used instead. The characteristic is that it is relatively gentle, neither as straight as a flat knife nor as deeply concave as a round knife, so it is suitable for use on concave and undulating surfaces.

Medium steel knife: The blade is straight and has slopes on both sides. Also called "seal knife". Traditional engraving believes that the cutting edge of the steel blade is in the middle. Using it to make blanks can keep the edge straight and prevent the surrounding parts from being shaken. Medium steel knives are also used to engrave patterns on characters' clothing and props.

Triangular knife: The cutting edge is triangular in shape because the fronts are on the left and right sides and the sharp point is at the middle corner. To make a triangular knife, you must choose suitable tool steel (...>>

Question 10: What are the types of jade carvings? A very ordinary piece of jade, after clever coloring and creative carving In the end, the value of jade will even increase dozens of times! Of course, modern hand-carving is not strictly "handmade" in the traditional sense, but uses high-speed motors to drive various diamond grinding heads that rotate at high speed to cut jade. But how to cut and what shape to cut depends entirely on the skill of the sculptor. Just like no matter what brush you use, the final picture still depends on the artist's own cultivation and skills. Therefore, we still rely on manual shaping. The process is called hand carving. It just changes the traditional jade weight into today's diamond grinding head, and replaces the fine sand on the riverside with harder silicon carbide abrasive, making cutting faster and more efficient. Note that this is also an important reference index to distinguish ancient jade from modern jade from the processing traces. After all, few people are willing to use old craftsmanship to polish jade. The efficiency is too low and no one can stand it: I understand everyone’s desire to make a fortune quickly. . The picture below shows the scene of hand carving: the shape and lines of the jade are all manually controlled by the carver (picture below). However, hand carving is still time-consuming and laborious. More importantly, not just anyone can carve a beautiful jade piece by picking up a diamond. , just like not just anyone can draw a beautiful picture by picking up a paintbrush, if you pay attention, you can see that a large number of jade articles can only be reduced to street stalls after being roughly processed. This is also a serious waste of jade resources. Important reasons. In order to save expensive engraving costs and produce exquisite jade pieces that people like, many jade merchants have begun to use ultrasonic machine model engraving technology, which greatly improves the engraving efficiency while ensuring the pattern effect. This process uses an exquisite mold made of high-carbon steel, and uses high-hardness silicon carbide to make jade-breaking sand. The machine drives the mold to vibrate and rub back and forth on the surface of the jade material at ultrasonic frequency to achieve the purpose of quickly jade-breaking and carving. This greatly reduces the cost of jade carving. It can also be said that this type of machine carving process is actually molding. The exquisite high-carbon steel jade carving mold (below) is an ultrasonic engraving machine, and the flowing silicon carbide abrasive (below) is an ultrasonic machine. The initially processed jade pieces can be put on the market after cutting and polishing (picture below). Since it is molded, it must have the characteristics of the mold: on all molded jade pieces, the holes dug out are sloped to facilitate the entry and exit of the mold. The carvings look very complicated, but they often have a completely different plane, and rarely have ox-hair-thin knife work. Such molds are too easy to wear, and there are rarely chippings on the knife marks: any time As high-speed grinding proceeds, the abrasive itself wears away rapidly, the particle size becomes finer and finer, and the cutting force becomes lower and lower, making it less likely to cause obvious chipping. Advanced ultrasonic mold engraving technology can produce a large number of exquisite carvings. The disadvantages are also "large amounts" and similar, and generally jade is made of low-value miscellaneous materials (good materials naturally need to be carefully carved by hand, thereby increasing the final value of the jade), making the final jade price cheaper, such as This piece of material, with the white paper as the background, can already faintly see the black spots inside the material.

Of course, under ordinary natural light, it is difficult to see the inside of the material. It is just a green and black oily waistband. If you don't use your hands to see through the light, no one can tell the quality of the material, but experienced friends can take a look. It can be seen that it is machine work, and it can be roughly judged that it is mass-produced, and the value is generally not too high. Having said that, if it is only used as a daily decoration, this thing is still very good. After all, it is a piece of jade carving with exquisite patterns, and many people cannot judge the quality and grade of jade at a glance. What's more, such a high-relief sculpture also requires a large piece of material. By the way, there are also differences in machine work: if a high-hardness alloy steel mold is used to carve such nephrite waist plates, it will be scrapped after about 30 pieces at most. This is because the mold uses high-hardness silicon carbide. During the abrasive processing process, it will also wear out rapidly, and the finished pattern will gradually change from clear to blurry. For users, of course, the clearer the better. If you pay attention, take a look at the mass-produced small Guanyin and Buddha pendants in stores. They are low-end accessories that cost tens of yuan or more than a hundred yuan. There are many products with unclear patterns. The merchants are reluctant to scrap the steel molds and sell them. of waste. From this perspective, the waistband below is considered a high-quality product.

The size of the belt tag carved by the machine mold is 53*25 mm (picture below). Let’s take a look at the hand-carved jade piece (picture below). Pay attention to the faucet part. In order to facilitate demolding during machine engraving, all recessed parts must have a smooth downward slope. Hand carving is based on modeling needs...>>